具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

KdV-Burgers方程和 KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto方程的精确解

基于对 KdV-Burgers方程和KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto方程特点的分析,提出了一种由Burgers方程的解和 KdV 方程的解通过线性叠加构造 KdV-Burgers 方程的解以及由 KdV 方程的解和Kuramoto-Sivashinsky 方程的解通过线性叠加构造 KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto 方程的解的方法,并用该法求得了 KdV-Burgers 方程和 KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto 方程的若干精确解.     

FORTRAN77编制的求一元一次方程和一元二次方程的根

学生学习离不开方程,求一元一次方程和一元二次方程的根十分必要。从前求一元一次方程和一元二次方程的根,要求输入方程的系数,数据间逗号或空格分隔,输出方程的根。FORTRAN77编制的求一元一次方程和一元二次方程的根,实现了输入方程字符串,输出方程的根。     

mKdV方程的可积离散化

mKdV方程作为描述非谐调晶格中声波的一个模型方程,可用来研究尘埃等离子体中的尘埃孤波,非线性光学中的波动问题等,因此对mKdV方程的解的研究具有重要的实际意义。主要研究了mKdV方程的可积离散化。首先利用适当的变换将mKdV方程转化为连续意义下的双线性导数方程,接着运用双曲算子将所得的mKdV方程的双线性导数方程进行离散化,得到离散的mKdV方程的双线性导数方程。然后通过Hirota小参数扰动方法,对所得的离散的mKdV方程的双线性导数方程进行求解,可求出其单孤子解和二孤子解,并给出这个双线性导数方程的解的一般形式,进而证明了它的可积性。最后应用Matlab软件画出了离散的mKdV方程的双线性导数方程的二孤子解的图形。     

保守力系的变形拉格朗日方程及其应用

从保守力系的拉格朗日方程出发 ,导出一种用于求解保守系统轨道微分方程的变形拉格朗日方程。并将其应用于有心力问题及抛体问题 ,导出了有心力问题的轨道微分方程Binet公式及抛体轨道方程。保守力系的变形拉格朗日方程提供了求解运动物体轨道方程的新方法 ,同时也丰富了分析力学的教学内容。     

Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Like方程的新的行波解(英文)

提出了一种求解发展方程行波解的新辅助方程方法.方法中使用了较广泛的解表示式和一个变系数常微形辅助方程,并用该辅助方程方法通过求解Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Like方程统一构造了Whitham-Broer-Kaup方程,长水波近似方程,Broer-Kaup方程和变形Boussineq方程的许多新的精确行波解.     

一种简易的根轨迹方程--根轨迹极坐标方程的建立

导出一种全新的根轨变在建立方程的环节上大大降低了难度。将对极坐标方程与代数方程两种运算作了比较，还给出了极坐标方程转换为代数方程的方法。     

Cross流体在圆管和环空内流动流场的摄动解

Cross流变方程比较复杂,用该方程难以求解Cross流体在圆管和环空内流动流场。本文由圆管内和环空内的Cross流变方程和力平衡方程推导出控制方程,再利用摄动法解出Cross流体在圆管和环空内流动的速度分布式,由此可以得到Cross流体在圆管和环空内流动的各种规律。     

积分微分KP层次方程的精确行波解

对KP层次方程进行积分变换和行波变换得到常微分方程,利用扩展试验方程法把求解常微分方程的问题转化为求解代数方程组的问题,根据不同情况得到了KP层次方程的钟状解、三角函数解、双曲函数解和椭圆函数解的精确表达式,这些解的显示表达式是首次求出的.这种方法对于求解非线性偏微分方程十分有效并且能够得到许多新的精确解.     

(3+1)维破裂孤子方程的精确解

引入1个简单的变换，把(3 1)维破裂孤子方程化为一维的KdV方程，从而通过已知KdV方程的解得到了(3 1)维破裂孤子方程的若干精确解．这种方法可以推广开来，方便地建立起某一高维方程和其他低维非线性方程的联系，然后通过求解低维的非线性方程来找到高维非线性方程的精确解．     

由Burgers方程获取复杂方程的精确解

我们猜测，复杂非线性偏微分方程的一些精确解可以按映射技术由简单非线性偏微分方程的精确解构建。将复杂非线性偏微分方程分别选择为mKdV方程、推广KdV方程和非线性热传导方程，将简单非线性偏微分方程选择为Burgers方程，以上的这种想法在文章中得到证实。