γ辐照对聚合物电导性能的影响

研究了几种聚合物材料（ＰＰ，ＰＴＦＥ，ＰＥＴ，ＰＩ）经过γ辐照后，电流－电压特性的变化；从辐照对材料结构的影响，探讨了辐照后材料的电导机理及空间电荷对於辐照后材料电性的影响，并由电导变化分析了材料耐辐照的稳定性     

PET纤维的化学应力开裂

PET纤维-甲胺系统的化学应力开裂被归结为一种高聚物断裂破坏现象.具有不同热处理和力学处理历史的PET纤维分别在松弛和伸长状态下与30%甲胺水溶液相作用,并以扫描电镜观察其结果.一些试样的GPC曲线用于表征试样的分子量分布.作者从高聚物断裂的微观机理解释了所有实验结果并提出PET-甲胺系统化学应力开裂机理.认为决定材料应力裂缝几何的主要因素是材料在加工过程中形成的残余应力及其在材料内的分布和试剂对材料的渗透性能.     

表面活性剂对亚微米TiO2粉体的表面改性

为了提高TiO2在聚酯切片中的分散性,对TiO2进行了表面处理,使其实现由亲水到亲油的转变.研究以阴离子表面活性剂对钛白粉改性的方法.主要对不同种类的单一阴离子表面活性剂和两种阴离子表面活性剂的复配体系进行了试验,对其在水相中的粒径、去离子水的接触角、亲水亲油性、以及吸油量进行表征.结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂改性有一定的效果,其中LAS与硬脂酸复配体系的接触角达116°.     

低温等离子体诱导下导电高分子复合膜的制备

利用等离子体技术对PET薄膜进行表面处理,并诱导引发AAc在其表面接枝聚合,制备PAAc-g-PET复合膜,用化学氧化方法使PPy接枝聚合在PAAc-g-PET表面,制备出PPy-g-PAAc-g-PET复合膜.利用ATR-FTIR和SEM对制备的复合膜分别进行结构和表面形貌分析.导电性测试结果表明,PPy-g-PAAc-g-PET复合膜的导电性也明显提高.同时考察了温度、时间、浓度等对PPy-g-PAAc-g-PET复合膜接枝率的影响,得到PET薄膜接枝PPy的最佳条件为温度60 ℃,反应时间6 h.研究结果表明,PPy能很好地接枝到PAAc-g-PET复合膜的表面.     

改性方式对橡胶混凝土力学性能的影响

针对近年来国内外学者通过试验研究表面改性后的橡胶对混凝土力学性能的影响,在综述已有研究成果的基础上,总结了水洗、无机溶液浸泡、有机溶液清洗和有机聚合物润湿等多种表面改性处理方式对混凝土强度的影响规律,分析了不同改性方式的优缺点,提出了改性处理研究存在的问题,以供相关研究参考．     

H+ passivation of poly-si solar cells processed by different annealing processes

The effects of different annealing processes on the photovoltaic (PV) properties and the spectral response as well as minority carrier lifetime in the bulk of unanalyzed PF₅ ion implantation poly-Si solar cells were investigated. The different hydrogen passivation effects of defects in poly-Si induced by three heat treatment processes are reported. We used RTA-rapid thermal annealing, YAG pulse laser annealing and CTSA-classical three-step annealing for this study. The results show that cells processed by RTA (800°C, 4 sec) achieved the best PV properties and spectral response among all annealed samples. Under this precess condition, no or few defects were induced in bulk. While RTA (>-850°C for 4 sec), CTSA as well as YAG laser processes induced defects of different nature and concentration in the bulk of cells. It is further shown that hydrogen ion implantation significantly improved, the performances of poly-Si cells. It is able to efficiently remove the YAG laser induced defects in bulk. However, it cannot completely passivate the defects induced by CTSA and RTA processes. Biography: LI Jin-chai (1946-), male, Associate professor. Research direction: studies of ion beam modification of materials and films of new functionail materials.     

低温等离子体处理对羊毛织物性能的影响

采用空气低温等离子体对羊毛表面进行改性处理,探讨了等离子体处理对羊毛织物抗毡缩性、强力、白度、润湿性、染色性能等的影响.正交试验结果表明:等离子体处理羊毛织物的实验室最佳工艺为时间3min、压强50Pa、功率150W.经空气低温等离子体处理,羊毛织物的毡缩率和白度降低,而润湿性、强力和弱酸性普拉红B染色K/S值提高.单独经过空气等离子体处理的羊毛织物达不到"机可洗"的要求.     

聚氨酯改性的分子设计

依循“后排前推法”的构思,进行聚氨酯改性的分子设计,获得良好的效果。用极性聚合物的单体对聚氨酯接枝共聚,而后扩链交联成为互贯聚合物网络,提高了水的湿润能力和均匀传递补膜的作用。液体和固体的界面张力和它们的接触角θ成正比的关系,能更直观地估价液体对固体表面的润湿程度。     

Metallic transport in polyaniline

Despite nearly three decades of materials development, the transport properties in the 'metallic state' of the so-called conducting polymers are still not typical of conventional metals. The hallmark of metallic resistivity--a monotonic decrease in resistivity with temperature--has not been obtained at temperatures over the full range below room temperature; and a frequency dependent conductivity, sigma(omega), typical of metals has also not been observed. In contrast, the low-temperature behaviour of 'metallic' polymers has, in all previous cases, exhibited an increase in resistivity as temperature is further decreased, as a result of disorder-induced localization of the charge carriers. This disorder-induced localization also changes the infrared response such that sigma(omega) deviates from the prediction of Drude theory. Here we report classic metallic transport data obtained from truly metallic polymers. With polyaniline samples prepared using self-stabilized dispersion polymerization, we find that for samples having room-temperature conductivities in excess of 1,000 S cm(-1), the resistivity decreases monotonically as the temperature is lowered down to 5 K, and that the infrared spectra are characteristic of the conventional Drude model even at the lowest frequencies measured.     

NH3等离子体处理的PET表面接枝氨基酸的研究

用氨气等离子体处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）膜，在表面引入活性基团氨基，并通过戊二醛接枝谷氨酸。利用接触角、全反射傅里叶红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、光电子能谱（XPS）和体外血液相容性实验(APTT)表征接枝改性后的膜的表面结构和性能，比较了只用氨气等离子体处理的膜和接枝谷氨酸后的膜的性能。结果表明，两种改性膜亲水性均提高，70W放电功率下改性的膜血液相容性改善效果最好。与未处理的膜相比，用氨气等离子体处理的膜的APTT延长了5.9s,接枝了谷氨酸的膜的APTT延长了3.2s。     

微重力环境及地基的高温熔体润湿特性

经典材料表面与界面的一些实验现象被重力效应覆盖,影响人们对材料本质物理特性的深入了解.因此,微重力对熔体的润湿行为和固/液界面反应的作用机理研究具有重要的意义.本文综合前人对高温熔体特别是高温锡基合金的润湿行为及与基板间的界面反应特性的研究,通过与微重力条件下相关研究及实验结果对比,总结了卫星微重力环境及地基环境下的高温熔体润湿特性,为以后的空间实验及分析提供理论参考.     

无机纳米粒子填充改性聚合物的研究进展

无机纳米粒子改性的聚合物复合材料综合了无机、有机、纳米材料的优良特性 ,在许多领域具有广阔的应用前景 .概述了纳米粒子的结构、特性及表面处理方法、无机纳米粒子与聚合物复合材料的制备方法以及国内外无机纳米粒子对聚合物改性 ,尤其是增强增韧的应用成果进展及改性机理 ,指出了纳米粒子改性聚合物的发展前景与方向     

无声放电对聚酯织物表面的等离子体接枝改性

利用无声放电方法对聚酯（ＰＥＴ）纤维表面进行接枝改性,为改善聚酯织物的染色性能提供了一条新途径,傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）和Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表明,ＰＥＴ纤维经无声放电引发气相接枝丙烯酸改性后,表面的羰基、羟基和羧基等极性基团增加,氧碳摩尔分数比增大。扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察发现纤维表面粗糙度随放电时间增加而增大,改性后的涤纶对碱性染料的上染率有所提高。     

接触角法测量高分子材料的表面能

以二次蒸馏水、甘油、甲酰胺、二碘甲烷和乙二醇为检测液体,采用接触角法测定聚丙烯（PP）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、丙烯脂/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）、聚碳酸酯（PC）等高分子树脂材料的表面能参数（Lifshitz-van der Waals分量、Lewis酸分量和Lewis碱分量）.研究结果表明：水-甘油-二碘甲烷、水-甲酰胺-二碘甲烷、水-乙二醇-二碘甲烷3种组合方案中的任一组合均能较好地反映聚合物的表面特征;7种高分子树脂可以分为极性和非极性2大类.PP和PE属于非极性树脂,表面能较低,只存在Lifshitz-van der Waals分量;在极性树脂中,PS,ABS,PC和PET表面具有明显的Lewis碱特征;PVC表面呈现一定的两性特征,除具有Lewis碱特征之外,其表面还带有较多的Lewis酸分量.     

激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金微观组织及残余应力的影响

Ti2AlNb(O-Ti2AlNb)具有优异的力学性能,在航空发动机方面有远大应用前景.激光冲击强化(Laser Shock Peening,LSP)是一种先进的表面改性技术,能够在材料表面诱导产生高幅值、大深度的残余压应力,改善材料微观组织,提高材料抗疲劳、高温氧化等性能.本文采用激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金进行表面改性,并研究其组织演变、残余应力以及高温环境对性能的影响.结果表明:激光冲击强化能够显著减小Ti2AlNb合金近表面的晶粒尺寸.显微硬度由冲击前的350 HV提升到395 HV;在冲击区域近表面产生了约-377 MPa的残余压应力;而在高温环境中,由激光冲击强化所诱导的材料近表面残余应力随时间逐渐释放,在600℃条件下,残余应力释放较为缓慢;而在720℃条件下,残余应力迅速释放.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

影响水基油墨分散因素的研究

文章通过实验研究考察影响水墨分散的因素,结果表明水基油墨的分散效果是获得水墨理想的光泽、着色力及遮盖力等性能的关键,水墨分散的质量主要依赖于体系中分散树脂和颜料自身的特性及其相互作用的程度,其中,颜基比在较大程度上影响水溶性聚合物对颜料的分散效果。实验还证明了润湿分散剂和助溶剂能改变体系的表面张力和润湿性能,从而提高体系的分散性能。另外,水墨分散的温度也是影响分散效果的重要因素。     

超临界二氧化碳环境下PET聚酯的物理性能分析

 以PET(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)为对象,研究了超临界二氧化碳状态下体系温度和压力对原料物理性能的影响.通过TA Universal Analysal 2000热分析仪(DSC)表征样品的玻璃化转变温度(t_g),熔点(t_m)和结晶度;通过自动黏度测定仪表征样品的特征黏度();通过红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析样品结构变化情况.结果表明,在超临界温度为130 ℃、超临界压力为20 MPa时,样品的t_g、t_m、最低,结晶度从原料的28%降到了23%,能使CO₂最大量地分析扩散进入材料中,最适宜溶胀发泡.红外表征结果表明样品分子结构没有变化,说明超临界CO₂没有与PET发生化学反应,物理参数变化由CO₂扩散进入材料分子链中引起的结晶度的变化而产生.     

选区激光熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金力学性能稳定性研究

采用选区激光熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）技术在X、Y、Z 3个成形方向上批量生产了AlSi10Mg合金棒状试样,热处理后对所有试样进行室温拉伸性能测试,并对屈服强度和伸长率等主要拉伸性能指标进行统计分析,研究采用SLM技术在X、Y、Z 3个方向成形的AlSi10Mg合金力学性能稳定性。研究结果表明：不同方向成形的试样经热处理后力学性能差异较小,伸长率和屈服强度均表现出较小的离散;各个方向成形试样的屈服强度和伸长率满足正态分布,并且在正态分布概率密度函数曲线中均表现出以均值为中心的较高程度的集中;采用SLM技术制备的AlSi10Mg合金,成形参数和热处理工艺控制得当时,可以有效地缓解力学性能的各向异性,使X、Y、Z 3个方向成形试样的力学性能具有较高的稳定性。     

Synthesis and Wetting Behavior of Polyurethanes Containing Polyoxetane Soft Blocks with Semifluorinated and Bromomethyl Side Chains

Polyoxetanes bearing short fluorinated and/or bromomethyl pendant groups were prepared from 3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxymethyl)oxetane and/or 3,3-bisbromomethyloxetane by ring-opening polymerization.A series of novel polyurethanes(PUs)containing polyoxetanes as soft blocks was synthesized by the reaction of polyoxetanes,isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),and 1,4-butanediol(BD).The thermal properties and wetting behavior of these novel polymers were evaluated using TGA,DSC and contact angle analysis.The cotton fabrics treated with PU3 showed good hydrophobic property,and its contact angle for water was 133°.