猪色素上皮衍生因子的电子克隆及序列分析

用鼠的色素上皮衍生因子cDNA序列在猪的ESTs库进行BLASTn搜索,得到一系列不同大小的ESTs片段,经拼接得到完整cDNA序列.序列分析显示该cDNA长1 425 bp,有一个1 242 bp的开放阅读框,编码413个氨基酸,5’非编码区长53 bp,3’非编码区长130 bp,有一个加尾序列和多聚腺苷酸尾巴.其核苷酸序列与牛、人和鼠的同源性分别为89%、87%和82%,氨基酸的同源性分别为89%、87%和84%,且有保守的糖基化位点、半胱氨酸位点和serp in基序,说明所克隆的cDNA序列为猪的PEDF全长cDNA.     

乐至黑山羊催乳素受体基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中绵羊催乳素受体（PRLR）基因序列（AF041257.1）设计1对引物,以乐至黑山羊脑垂体总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR技术对乐至黑山羊PRLR基因cDNA克隆测序和序列分析.结果表明：扩增出的乐至黑山羊PRLR基因cDNA序列长为1743bp,编码581个氨基酸.乐至黑山羊与绵羊、牦牛、欧洲牛、野猪和人的核苷酸同源性分别为：98.34％、94.67％、94.27％、77.48％、74.33％.以核苷酸序列构建分子进化树,乐至黑山羊先与绵羊聚为一类,再与欧洲牛和牦牛聚为一类,而后与野猪聚为一类,最后与人聚为一类.     

舌体一维传热模型解析解及舌温与血液灌注率的关系

结合中国传统医学理论，以猪舌为实验对象进行了生物传热的研究与计算．采用药物进行“动物造模”改变舌体的血液灌注率，测得不同血液灌注率下相对应的舌面温度，首次得到舌血液灌注率与舌面温度之间的函数关系．对猪舌动、静脉的血气分析，计算得到了舌体的代谢热．根据舌体的传热特点，以实验数据为依据，对Pennes模型进行简化，建立了舌一维传热方程，并获得其在不同血液灌注率下的解析解，结果表明，通过一维传热模型求解所得到的舌面温度与实验值基本吻合．此研究提供了较准确的生物物性参数，并为生物传热模型的建立与计算提供了方法和经验．     

黑羽型番鸭不同生长期的能量代谢和饲料能量同化率

研究了黑羽型番鸭不同生长期的能量代谢、饲料能量摄入及其同化率,结果表明:雏鸭的代谢本与体重呈强的线性负相关(鸭,r=-0.88,t=4.9>t_(0.01);鸭,r=-0.855,t=4.36>t_(0.01)),不同周龄雏鸭的摄食量、能量摄入、可代谢能量和生长能量的增长值与体重的增长情况基本一致,能量同化率除1周龄(42.66％)较低外,其余各周龄均保持在82.44～90.52％之间。     

Genetic analysis on 3′- terminal flanking region of uncoupling protein 3 in different pig breeds

The 3′-terminal flanking region of porcine uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) was cloned, the sequence data revealed 15 nucleotide substitutions among Landrace and three Chinese native pig breeds named Neijiang, Minpig and Erhualian. The continuous 9 polymorphic sites were checked by PCR-RFLP, the results indicatedthat Erhualian had extraordinary gene frequency, presented most significant difference by χ2 test compared with Landrace, Largewhite, Neijiang and Minpig respectively, significant level compared with Meishan; and Meishan also had significant difference compared with Landrace and Minpig respectively. These results canbe concluded that Taihu pigs have special genetic characteristics among pig breeds.     

Expression detection and partial cloning of porcine leptin receptor (OBR) gene

The product of the obesity gene, called leptin, is an important regulator of adiposity, which mainly functions via its regulation of feed intake and energy metabolism. Both obesity gene (ob gene) and leptin receptor gene ( OBR gene) are thought to play a major role in controlling of body fat mass as well as body weight. The result of RT-PCR shows that levels of pig OBRmRNA are higher in hypothalamus, lung and liver, and lower expression can be detected in other tissues. Total RNA purified from 11 different organs and tissues have been hybridized with pig OBR cDNA probes. The hybridization signals are shown in 7 organs and tissues. 4.1 and 3.8 kb bands were observed from hypothalamus, whereas 3.8 and 3.5 kb bands were observed in other tissues instead. The nearly complete sequence of the extracellular domain of pig OBR gene was obtained. The homology of sequence is 89.2% between pig and human, 80.3% between pig and mouse. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequence of OBR in pig, human and mouse shows that the overall identity is 86.5% between pig and human, 76.6% between pig and mouse. Two WSXWS motifs were found at aa₃₁₃ and aa₆₁₆.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen

According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 paris of partially overlapping primers which span the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen were designed and synthesized. Each cDNA fragment of strain Shimen was amplified by RT-PCR method from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig. The PCR fragments were cloned into pGEM-T vector respectively and sequenced. The results show that we have obtained the nucleotide sequence of strain Shimen. The viral RNA consists of 12 297 nucleotides including noncoding regions of 373 and 227 bases at the 5′ and 3′ end, respectively, and a single large open reading frame spanning 11 697 nucleotides in the middle, which encodes an amino acid sequence of 3 989 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 437.6×10³. The precisely sequencing of 5′ and 3′ termini is undertaking. Supported by the National Pandeng Project Huang Qianhua: born in 1968. Graduate student     

Construction of cDNA library, nucleotide sequence and analysis of entire genome of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen

According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of primers have been designed and synthesized, which cover the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen. Each cDNA fragment has been amplified by RT-PCR from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig. The PCR products have been cloned respectively and sequenced. Results show that the cDNA library of strain Shimen and its nucleotide sequence have been obtained. The genomic RNA of strain Shimen is 12 298 nucleotides in length, containing a 5' and a 3' noncoding region 373 and 231 nt long respectively. The center of genome is a single large open reading frame of 11 697 nt which encodes a polyprotein of 3 898 amino acids. The entire sequence of strain Shimen has also been compared with that of other CSFV strains.     

水稻马协细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体体外热分析

以新选育出的水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ及其相应保持系协青早（简称马协Ｂ）为材料,分别从它们黄化苗中提取线粒体．一方面于体外测定线粒体能量代谢谱,进行热化学分析,得到一系列热力学参数和动力学参数,建立起反映线粒体体外能量代谢模式的热动力学方程．通过对不育系和保持系的比较发现,不育系线粒体在能量释放大小、代谢时间、能量代谢阶段的复杂性上明显低于保持系,从而得出不育系线粒体能量代谢水平低,造成供能匮乏从而导致不育;同时进行线粒体ＤＳＣ（差示扫描量热法）分析,发现不育系能量代谢的释活能（Ｅ）、释活指数（ｎ）明显比相应保持系高,从而可得出,不育系能量代谢水平低,形成原因可能是不育系线粒体中参与能量代谢的酶系统活性较低．     

Construction of cDNA library, nucleotide sequence and analysis of entire genome of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen

According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of primers have been designed and synthesized, which cover the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen. Each cDNA fragment has been amplified by RT-PCR from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig. The PCR products have been cloned respectively and sequenced. Results show that the cDNA library of strain Shimen and its nucleotide sequence have been obtained. The genomic RNA of strain Shimen is 12 298 nucleotides in length, containing a 5′ and a 3′ noncoding region 373 and 231 nt long respectively. The center of genome is a single large open reading frame of 11 697 nt which encodes a polyprotein of 3 898 amino acids. The entire sequence of strain Shimen has also been compared with that of other CSFV strains.     

猪生长激素受体(GHR)基因启动子的 克隆及功能分析

本研究以猪作为研究模型, 对GHR基因启动子区开展了克隆 、转录因子结合位点分析和启动子活性鉴定.结果表明: 家猪GHR基因或由两个启动子(GHR P1和GHR P2)控制.GHR P1的部分核苷酸序列与牛、羊对应核苷酸序列具有较高的同源性, 但功能分析显示其启动子活性较低.针对GHR P2的实验结果表明其具有典型的GHR组成型启动子特征, 荧光素酶报告实验表明其具有启动子活性, 因此我们推测本次克隆获得的GHR P2是猪GHR的组成型启动子.     

大熊猫IL-2基因的克隆与序列分析

本实验应用反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术，从ConA诱导培养的大熊猫外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增得到大熊猫IL-2基因，并将其克隆到PGEM-T载体中．经菌落PER鉴定、序列测定及序列分析，结果表明，经克隆得到的IL-2基因开放阅读框由465个核苷酸组成，编码一个由155个氮基酸组成的多肽，包括编码20个氨基酸的信号肽和135个氨基酸的成熟肽，该基因（已在Genbank中登录，序列号为：DQ852339）与已知的其他哺乳动物如犬、猫、人、猪、牛、羊、马、兔、鼠等的IL-2核苷酸同源性在66.5％（鼠）～91．5％（犬）之间；IL-2编码氨基酸同源性在54．8％（鼠）-85．2％（犬）之间；进化树构建结果表明大熊猫与犬亲缘关系最近．     

小桐子种子产沼气潜力及其能源转换效率的研究

以小桐子种子为原料进行沼气发酵,结果表明,小桐子种子在常温条件下发酵产沼气的潜力为895mL/gTS,明显优于其他常见农村沼气发酵原料,小桐子种子沼气发酵的能源转换效率可达76.84%;其TS产气率分别是猪粪发酵的3.6倍、牛粪的5倍、玉米秸秆的3倍.     

Molecular cloning and complete amino-acid sequence of form-I phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

We report the molecular cloning and sequence of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), an enzyme that is of particular interest because of its central role in cell signal transduction. The signals in question are those delivered by hormones to their cell-surface receptors that activate PI-PLC by means of a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Activation of the enzyme leads to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to two second messengers, 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the second of which ultimately mobilizes internal pools of calcium. There are at least five PI-PLC isoenzymes, whose differences in structure and function are unknown. We have focused on isoenzyme I, which we have recently purified and characterized from guinea pig uterus. We have now determined the sequence of a full length complementary DNA of this isoenzyme from the rat. Although the sequence has little similarity with the only other sequenced PI-PLC isoenzyme, it has a surprising degree of similarity to thioredoxins, protein co-factors in thiol-dependent redox reactions.     

胶囊内窥镜无线供能模块的研制

为了解决无线胶囊内窥镜电池供电不足的问题,研制了一种供能模块,在体外通过电磁感应方式为体内的胶囊内窥镜进行无线供能.针对胶囊内窥镜在人体内姿态的不确定以及微型化的特点和要求,设计、制作了合适的能量发射和接收装置,并通过实验对能量传输效果进行了验证.结果表明:当发射功率为18 W、在胶囊内窥镜姿态任意变化的情况下,无线供能模块能提供至少150mW的能量,且接收装置的空间尺寸仅φ10 mm×11 mm.在此基础上,研制出的胶囊内窥镜样机在离体实验中得到了清晰的猪小肠图像.     

内江猪与伍隍猪类缘关系的血红素结合蛋白(Hp)、血红蛋白(Hb)多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对内江猪、伍隍猪及其对照荣昌猪、杜洛克猪的Hp血清型和Hb进行分型研究,检出了HP~1、HP~2、HP~3三个等位基因控制的6种基因型和4种变异型,根据基因频率计算出四种类群的标准遗传距离并按最短距离法聚类,伍隍猪与内江猪遗传距离最近为0.00203、伍隍猪与荣昌猪为0.00333,伍隍猪与杜洛克最远为0.00850。显示伍隍猪与内江猪有紧密的类缘关系。在HP基因型种类分布上,伍隍猪为4+4种,即存在1—1~F、1—3~F、1~F—3和3—3~F等四种基因型的变异型,而内江猪为5+1种,只有1—3一种变异型存在,揭示两者除同一性外存在一定差异性。卡方检验表明,伍隍猪基因型分布偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡规律,HP~1—1纯合子频度偏低HP~1—2偏高是失衡的主因,对此进行了讨论,四类群猪Hb均无多态性。     

汞胁迫对Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA汞甲基化作用的代谢组影响

采用新兴的代谢组学技术, 筛选差异性细胞代谢物, 分析甲基汞生成和调控的关键代谢通路。在典型环境污染 浓度 (0~100 μg/L) Hg(II)的 胁迫下, 汞甲基 化微 生物Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA吸附/吸收的Hg(II)成为参与汞还原和甲基化的主要反应物质。初始 Hg(II)浓度为10 μg/L时, G. sulfurreducens PCA达到最高汞甲基化效率3.09%±0.16%。代谢组学数据显示, Hg(II)胁迫对胞内的碳水化合物代谢、核苷酸代谢和氨基酸代谢造成干扰。为了应对Hg(II)胁迫, G. sulfurreducens PCA增大了对能量的需求, 用来调控汞生物甲基化反应, 并对受损DNA进行修复。     

利用沼气发生窖渣肥养鱼的试验报告

作者于1982年4月至1983年1月在顺德勒流公社新埠三队新能源村的两个鱼池进行了沼气窖渣肥及猪粪肥养鱼对比试验.饲养试验结果;施沼气窖渣肥的鱼池(简称试验池),水质良好,溶氧量,磷、氮的含量均比施猪粪的鱼池(简称对照池)高;浮游生物种类前者的多,易消化的硅藻、甲藻和黄藻的比例也较高;主要养殖的鳙、鲢、草鱼的规格比对照池的大.分析鱼的食性,所含浮游生物总量也比对照池的多.沼气窖还兼收了沼气能源,经济效益大,且池水中无寄生虫卵,符合卫生标准.     

KOH预处理玉米秸秆与猪粪混合厌氧消化过程中性能参数变化规律研究

为了探究KOH预处理玉米秸秆与猪粪厌氧消化过程中性能参数的变化规律,采用间隔卸料的方式在中温条件下进行厌氧共发酵,结果表明：预处理玉米秸秆与猪粪混合后可以改善产气性能,提高厌氧消化效率。经KOH预处理后的玉米秸秆与猪粪混合原料的产气高峰比未预处理的玉米秸秆与猪粪混合原料的产气高峰提前了3~6 d,产气速率和累积甲烷产量分别比未预处理组提高了9.6%~65.6%和13.8%;预处理可使原料消化更彻底,有机物去除率达到71.1%;修正后的Gompertz方程能较好地反映厌氧消化产甲烷过程,其中预处理组的产甲烷率速率（基于挥发性固体含量）比未处理组提高了8.8%。因此,采用KOH预处理玉米秸秆可以提高混合厌氧消化的产甲烷性能。     

The Lkb1 metabolic sensor maintains haematopoietic stem cell survival

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can convert between growth states that have marked differences in bioenergetic needs. Although often quiescent in adults, these cells become proliferative upon physiological demand. Balancing HSC energetics in response to nutrient availability and growth state is poorly understood, yet essential for the dynamism of the haematopoietic system. Here we show that the Lkb1 tumour suppressor is critical for the maintenance of energy homeostasis in haematopoietic cells. Lkb1 inactivation in adult mice causes loss of HSC quiescence followed by rapid depletion of all haematopoietic subpopulations. Lkb1-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit mitochondrial defects, alterations in lipid and nucleotide metabolism, and depletion of cellular ATP. The haematopoietic effects are largely independent of Lkb1 regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Instead, these data define a central role for Lkb1 in restricting HSC entry into cell cycle and in broadly maintaining energy homeostasis in haematopoietic cells through a novel metabolic checkpoint.