具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

现场总线的物理层与数据链路层

从使用现场总线技术的角度出发，对现场总线通信模型中的物理层、数据链路层做了综合介绍，对现场总线传输速率、拓扑结构、本质安全、介质存取控制方式进行了基本剖析，探讨了影响现场总线实时性的重要因素。     

针织物间液体传导的机理研究

外部压力对液体在织物间传导有很大的影响，较高的压力能触发液体在织物间传导的发生。至于外部压力对织物间液体传导速度的影响，则存在一个压力最佳值，在最佳压力值下，织物间液体的传导最快。湿层织物初始含水量高则明显地增加了织物间液体的传导量。由于单面毛绒织物的两面具有不同的毛细管尺寸，当干层织物的光面与湿层织物的光面和毛面分别接触时，液体在织物间发生转移，传导量前者大于后者；当干层织物的毛面与湿层织物的光面和毛面分别接触时，织物间没有液体转移现象发生。     

线性化逐层优化MLP训练算法

提出了线性化逐层优化ＭＬＰ训练算法（ＬＯＬＬ）．ＬＯＬＬ采用循环方式逐层对ＭＬＰ的连接权值进行训练．训练连接权值时用一阶泰勒级数表示神经元的非线性激活函数以实现神经网络的线性化,使ＭＬＰ的训练问题转化为一个线性问题．同时,为保证神经网络线性化条件不被破坏,ＬＯＬＬ通过在神经网络的误差函数中计入部分线性化误差限制参数的改变幅度,对神经网络的误差函数进行了修正．实验结果显示,ＬＯＬＬ训练算法的速度比传统的ＢＰ算法快４倍,用它构成的语音信号非线性预测器有较好的预测性能．     

Web层和EJB层接口框架的研究与设计

针对Web层对EJB层业务方法直接调用的弊端,一般都使用Facade模式的接口框架加以解决,然而这种模式同样存在缺点,对此,提出并设计一种新的接口框架方案来解决.     

ATM层、AAL层之间的ATM网络安全技术

指出了ＡＴＭ网络存在的安全威胁,讨论了ＡＴＭ网络的数据加密技术、完整性服务等ＡＴＭ网络安全技术的实现和管理。设计了一个数字签名结构和密钥交换协议,该协议作为呼叫建立程序的一部分,嵌于现存的ＡＴＭ的信令协议中。这些安全技术可透明地加入ＢＩＳＤＮ的协议参考模型,无须改变现存的协议标准。     

EPON MAC层的研究及ONU MAC的FPGA实现

该文对千兆以太无源光网络(EPON)系统中的媒体接入控制层(MAC)进行了详细的研究，并采用内嵌CPU的FPGA芯片及嵌入式Linux实现了光网络单元(0NU)的MAC层功能，组成一个片上系统(SOC)．     

基于半椭圆锈蚀模型的混凝土保护层锈胀开裂分析

钢筋锈蚀时锈蚀层的分布规律会因钢筋所处的位置不同具有差异性,为了分析非均匀锈蚀层分布的差异对混凝土保护层开裂的影响,基于钢筋锈蚀层半椭圆分布模型,对钢筋非均匀锈蚀情况下的混凝土保护层开裂过程进行了有限元分析,并与均匀锈蚀假定下的保护层开裂理论进行了对比.研究显示按照均匀锈蚀假定的计算结果与非均匀锈蚀假定具有较大误差,尤其是在边角区误差更为明显,考虑钢筋锈蚀的非均匀性更加符合实际.对影响保护层锈胀开裂的因素进行分析后发现,钢筋直径和保护层厚度对保护层锈胀开裂的影响较大,混凝土抗拉强度对保护层锈胀开裂的影响较小.     

对象持久层的设计

描述了面向对象应用与关系数据库之间对象持久层的设计，提出了针对基本维护性数据的改进持久层性能的方案，并分析了这种方案的可行性。     

GH220合金渗Al层的逐层相分析

通过物理—化学相分析及其它物理手段对经900℃不同时间时效的GH220合金的渗铝层进行了逐层相分析。用联立方程分别求出离表面不同深度范围内β—NiAl相γ′相的含量。通过修正比重,对取层厚度进行了合理计算。提供了渗铝层中相变趋势。本文把计算过程全部编成程序。对微处理机在相分析中的运用作了初步尝试。     

电双层的形成

该文采用双流体模型，在高频场对密度扰动的调制作用基础上，又考虑了等离子体中带电粒子流的非残性效应，在等离子体中得到了一个包含这两种作用的电双层解．从而较合理地解释了实验室中产生电双层现象所必须引入的条件──必须有带电粒子流的注入．