具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

湖沥青改性沥青及沥青混合料低温性能研究

采用延度试验和弯曲梁流变试验对不同TLA掺量改性沥青的低温性能进行研究,并利用差热扫描(DSC)研究不同TLA掺量的改性沥青组分在温度变化过程中的状态变化,最后通过低温小梁弯曲试验对混合料的低温性能进行评价.结果表明:随着TLA的掺量增加,湖沥青改性沥青的延度值逐渐减小、蠕变劲度S值和玻璃化转变温度Tg逐渐增大,TLA改性沥青的低温抗开裂能力变差,掺加35%TLA的改性沥青混合料的破坏应变与SBS改性沥青混合料破坏应变值相差不大;三种TLA掺量的湖沥青改性沥青的吸热峰都出现在125~145℃之间,加入TLA后,吸热峰位置的变化说明沥青组分的存在方式、数量以及相态转化方式发生了变化.     

生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青使用性能

为研究生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青结合料使用性能,在60%范围内对不同掺量(质量)生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度、黏度和RTFO短期老化试验,考察基质沥青在生物沥青和岩沥青复合改性作用下各性能的变化.试验结果与分析表明:在保持生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青结合料与对照组基质沥青结合料的25℃针入度一致时,岩沥青与生物沥青的比值和复合改性剂的掺量变化成正比例关系;复合改性沥青针入度指数PI值增大,温度敏感性得到改善;复合改性沥青的高温性能先略有降低而后一直提升,复合改性剂掺量约为15%时达到对照组基质沥青水平;复合改性沥青RTFO后残留针入度比先略有减小而后一直增大,复合改性剂掺量约为20%时达到对照组基质沥青水平,软化点变化提升明显;然而,沥青的延度随着复合改性剂的掺入而大幅降低,但沥青混合料弯曲试验对低温性能的验证显示,复合改性剂的掺量不超过30%时,复合改性剂的掺入不会降低沥青的低温性能,反而有一定改善.综上所述,在20%～30%掺量范围内,将复合改性剂替代部分石油沥青不会降低沥青的各类性能,甚至均有一定提高,且适应不同性能要求时掺量范围上限或下限可适当放宽.     

沥青组分划分方法

目前道路石油沥青的组分采用“溶解吸附”三组分或四组分的分析法。以沥青凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)方法对目前划分沥青组分结果的分析为基础,指出了沥青同一组分结果中存在2种不同的组分,不能很好地把性质相似的化合物分到1个组分中。通过对济南、韩国和加德士等3种沥青的大量室内试验研究,提出了用沥青热重法(TG)划分沥青组分的新方法。试验结果表明,用TG法不仅可以划分沥青组分和确定沥青组分比例结构,而且还可以判断沥青温度稳定性的优劣。     

温拌沥青混合料中沥青在施工阶段的老化程度

按照确定的抽提、蒸馏方法回收沥青,测试从不同施工温度的沥青混合料中回收得到沥青的各项指标.从测试结果可以看出,不同温度的沥青混合料在施工过程中,其沥青老化的程度随着温度的升高而增加.从回收沥青粘度-温度变化趋势可以看出,沥青混合料的施工温度达到150 ℃时,其中的沥青老化程度开始急剧增加.温拌技术(例如,拌和温度在100 ℃和120 ℃时)可大大缓解混合料中沥青的老化程度.     

场拌沥青混合料沥青含量误差分析

沥青含量是沥青混凝土生产中最主要的控制指标之一。较详细地分析了沥青抽提试验误差、拌和楼系统误差的来源，提出了减少沥青含量误差的措施。     

浅谈沥青再生剂在沥青路面养护中的应用

改变公路养护被动性养护理念,对沥青路面进行预防性养护。文章通过沥青再生剂在预防性养护工作中的应用实践,进一步为沥青再生剂的大范围应用提供技术参考。     

永久性沥青路面沥青稳定基层性能(英文)

对永久性沥青路面的沥青稳定基层及其混合料进行路用性能试验分析研究,试验包括水稳定性试验、车辙试验及疲劳试验等,试验结果表明,富沥青稳定基层的抗水损害、抗疲劳性能好于传统的沥青混合料.     

沥青含量影响沥青混凝土应力应变关系的探讨

依据高精度测试设备对沥青混凝土压缩试验，研究了沥青含量对沥青混凝土应力应变关系的影响，探讨了沥青混凝土应力应变关系和设计强度问题。     

Evotherm温拌与普通热拌沥青混合料路用性能对比

采用基质沥青和改性沥青分别制备Evotherm温拌以及普通热拌AC-13沥青混合料,并就稳定度、流值、渗水系数、高温稳定性、水稳定性以及疲劳性能等方面进行全面对比分析。试验结果表明:温拌及热拌混合料在稳定度、流值、渗水系数等方面性能相近,温拌混合料的高温性能及水稳定性优于热拌混合料。采用幂函数对两种混合料的疲劳规律进行拟合,并发现温拌混合料的疲劳寿命较热拌混合料略有提高且提高幅度随着应变水平的增加逐渐降低。