邻菲咯啉对电沉积普鲁士蓝膜结构的影响

应用循环伏安法在铂电极上进行了普鲁士蓝膜的电化学沉积，并对两种不同组成电解液中沉积的膜进行了扫描电镜、现场电化学拉曼光谱以及电化学阻抗谱的测量和表征．扫描电镜的测量结果表明，加入邻菲咯啉沉积的普鲁士蓝膜的形貌与不合邻菲咯啉的膜有明显不同，拉曼光谱测量证明了结构方面存在的差异，电化学阻抗谱则进一步验证了两类膜不同的电荷传递机制．     

锂离子电池电化学阻抗谱可靠性评价方法

锂离子电池电化学阻抗谱的可靠性是影响阻抗应用的关键,当电池处于非稳态时,利用阻抗谱解析得到的阻抗成分将无法与电池状态形成对应关系,进而导致不能正确估计电池状态.为了对电化学阻抗谱可靠性进行评价,引入了近似满足Kramers-Kroing变换关系的修正K-K电路,并基于此电路设计了评价方法,定义了拟合优度作为电化学阻抗谱可靠性表征量.最后通过实验证明了该方法对于准稳态和非稳态下的电化学阻抗谱有良好的辨识能力,为检验阻抗谱的有效性提供了有力手段.     

Ou-40Ni-20Cr合金在含Cl^-介质中的电化学腐蚀行为研究

利用动电位扫描法和交流阻抗技术研究了传统电弧熔炼制备的Cu-40Ni-20Cr合金在不同Cl^-浓度的腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为．结果表明：合金在单一Na2SO4介质中具有较低的腐蚀电流，腐蚀速度较慢，腐蚀过程由电化学控制腐蚀，电化学阻抗谱呈单容抗弧特征．在含Cl^-腐蚀介质中，随着Cl^-浓度的增加，自腐蚀电位不同程度负移，腐蚀电流增大，腐蚀速度加快．Cl^-浓度大于0.02mol·L^-1时，出现Warburg阻抗特征，腐蚀过程由电化学控制转为扩散控制；加入Cl^-后，极化电阻减小，腐蚀过程中存在一定弥散效应．     

Cu-50Cr合金在含Cl^-介质中的腐蚀电化学行为研究

利用动电位扫描法，结合电化学交流阻抗技术研究了用传统电弧熔炼制备的Cu^-50Cr合金在不同Cl^-浓度介质中的腐蚀电化学行为．结果表明：随Cl^-浓度的增加，自腐蚀电位均出现不同程度的负移，腐蚀电流增大，腐蚀速度加快；Cu-50Cr合金在中性Na2S04溶液中未出现钝化现象，加入Cl^-后，出现了钝化现象，但钝化区间很窄．从交流阻抗谱及拟合结果分析得知：在0．05mol／LNa28O4和0．05mol／L Na2SO4＋0．02mol／L NaCl腐蚀介质中交流阻抗谱呈单容抗弧特征，没有出现Warburg阻抗，表明电极表面的腐蚀受电化学反应控制，随Cl^-浓度增加，开始出现Warburg阻抗，表明腐蚀过程由电化学反应控制转化为扩散控制．随Cl^-浓度的增加，容抗弧减小，电荷传递电阻减小，腐蚀速度加快．     

薄层电解液中气相缓蚀剂对碳钢腐蚀和缓蚀行为的影响

采用电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗技术，研究了薄层电解液中碳钢的腐蚀行为和吗啉缓蚀剂对它的缓蚀作用．结果表明，300μm的薄层电解液下碳钢电极的阳极极化曲线和阴极极化曲线呈现扩散控制特征，其腐蚀速度比溶液中碳钢电极的腐蚀速度增加．薄层电解液中缓蚀剂的加入，降低了碳钢电极的电化学极化曲线上的阴极和阳极的扩散电流密度，使碳钢电极的电化学阻抗谱上出现感抗弧，表明缓蚀剂在碳钢表面发生了吸附，阻止了阴极还原的氧扩散以及阳极腐蚀产物的迁移．     

Ti32Mo在盐酸溶液中的电化学研究

用阳极极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗研究了Ti32Mo在不同温度、不同浓度盐酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为。实验结果证明Ti32Mo在实验用盐酸溶液中处于自钝化状态。自腐蚀电位下的阻抗谱呈现单纯容抗特征，而在18℃、4mol/L盐酸溶液中较高阳极极化电位下，阻抗谱高频部分呈现容抗特征，低频段呈现感抗特征。采用合适的数学模型对阻抗谱进行了解释，并且用相应的等效电路进行拟合计算，结果表明解释是合理的。     

染料敏化太阳能电池的内部阻抗分析

为了进一步研究染料敏化太阳能电池的性能与内部阻抗的关系，应用电化学阻抗谱来研究电池内部电子转移过程的阻抗特性．结合适当的等效电路和理论模型对电池的阻抗谱图进行分析，结果表明，电池的内部阻抗主要来自至少3个方面：高频区域为铂和电解质界面的阻抗；中频区域为电子在二氧化钛薄膜中的传输和复合阻抗；低频区域为电解质内部的扩散阻抗．其中电子在二氧化钛薄膜中的传输和复合阻抗是影响染料敏化太阳能电池内部阻抗的主要方面，电解质的扩散对电池内部阻抗的影响较小．     

一次锂-亚硫酰氯电池电化学阻抗谱与荷电状态

对Li／SOCl2实体电池不同荷电状态下电池电化学阻抗谱测试，结果表明，电池阻抗谱变化有很好的规律，主要体现在阻抗谱中两个圆弧的先较小后增大。这就有可能根据电池EIS谱局部变化特征来预测电池的荷电状态。在电池荷电状态N40％时，其有效预测参数为阻抗谱高频端圆弧最高点对应的ImZ^＊，log（Z^＊）及相角θ^＊。     

合金在湿法磷酸介质中的电化学阻抗谱研究

采用电化学阻抗谱研究ＵＢ６合金和Ｊ—１合金在湿法磷酸料浆介质中的冲刷腐蚀行为．测定了不同温度，不同转速，不同Ｃｌ－和Ｆ－浓度，不同电位下的阻抗谱．钝化区的阻抗谱呈单一的容抗弧。增加电极的旋转速度和对试件进行高速喷射只降低极化电阻的数值，而不改变阻抗图谱的性质．说明冲刷作用并未改变电极的腐蚀历程和溶解机制．增加［Ｃｌ－］和［Ｆ－］均降低界面电容和极化电阻，但［Ｃｌ－］对电容的影响大，而［Ｆ－］对极化电阻的影响大．说明［Ｃｌ－］的吸附作用大于［Ｆ－］，而对钝化膜的溶解破坏作用又比［Ｆ－］小．     

尖晶石型LiMn1.925Co0.025Ti0.025Sn0.025O4的合成及性能研究

利用高温固相法制备了尖晶石型LiMn2O4、LiMn1．925Co0．075O4、LiMn1．925Co0.0375Ti0.0375O4、LiMn1．925Co0．025Ti0.025Sn0.025O4锂离子电池正极材料，并用XRD、充放电测试、循环伏安、电化学阻抗测试等研究了其结构和电化学性能．结果表明：掺杂样品均为单一尖晶石结构，在0．2C和3．0-4．2V条件下恒流充放电，发现掺杂后材料的循环性能有很大改善，其中LiMn1．925Co0．025Ti0．025Sn0．025O4具有较高的放电容量，50次循环后容量衰仅为7．97％．活性物质在不同的电位下具有不同的电化学特性，电化学阻抗谱明显不同，并对其进行了解释．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the