硬脆颗粒增强金属基复合材料的切屑形成机理

颗粒增强金属基复合材料具有非均匀的显微组织结构,在切削力作用下其剪切变形不是在一个平面内而是在一个有相当厚度的区域内完成,传统的单一剪切平面模型不适合用于这类非连续增强型复合材料的切削分析．颗粒增强复合材料基体的塑性变形始终受到不可塑性变形颗粒的干扰,故在复合材料成屑过程中裂纹的形成和扩展起重要作用,并由此决定了切屑的基本形态．分析了材料进入剪切变形区后发生的非定向连续滑移、剪断和基本稳定滑移三种情况．     

原位观察铜网格增强Al/Cu复合材料的断裂行为

将一种按正交法编织的铜网格作为增强体引入到铝基体中制备了Al/Cu复合材料,再借助原位拉伸扫描电镜(SEM),观察了铝铜复合材料的组织演变,研究了其断裂机理与力学性能之间的关系.结果表明:在相同轧制变形量下,25 ℃冷轧和400 ℃热轧均可破碎增强体铜网格,并使其均匀分布于基体铝板.复合板原位拉伸下的载荷-位移曲线均表现出明显的弹性阶段、塑性阶段和失效阶段,微裂纹在Cu颗粒周围和应力集中处萌生,主裂纹及其扩展主要是Cu颗粒周围界面分层开裂与微裂纹沿滑移线方向的扩展共同作用下形成的,并且最终沿滑移线的断裂路径与单轴拉伸方向呈45°.发生在Al层的塑性断裂和Al/Cu结合界面上的界面分层断裂是Al/Cu复合板两种主要的失效方式.     

喷射沉积Al-20Si/SiCp复合材料的热疲劳行为

采用V型缺口试样对喷射沉积Al-20Si/SiCp复合材料进行了热循环试验,用光学金相显微镜和扫描电镜研究了在热应力作用下的热疲劳裂纹扩展方式和形态.结果表明:热疲劳裂纹优先在V型缺口处萌生;复合材料经一定的热循环次数后随相对密度的提高,裂纹扩展速率下降;在复合材料的三大相——α-Al基体、Si相以及SiC颗粒中,α-Al基体阻碍热疲劳裂纹的扩展,裂纹非连续性扩展;裂纹扩展方式受Si相的尺寸和分布状态控制,裂纹绕过Si颗粒向前扩展以及裂纹穿过Si颗粒向前扩展是裂纹碰到Si颗粒时常出现的两种机制;SiC颗粒与热疲劳裂纹有强烈的交互作用,加强SiC颗粒与基体的界面结合有利于提高热疲劳寿命.     

SiCp／ZA22复合材料的动态断裂机制

利用扫描电镜原位观察方法研究了ＳｉＣｐ／ＺＡ２２复合材料的断裂过程，结果表明，微裂纹的形成主要在基体中缺陷及晶界处形成，ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体良好的结合界面及颗粒周围基体的强化，使主裂纹的扩展绕过颗粒进行，并提出了ＳｉＣｐ／ＺＡ２２复合材料的断裂机制。     

部分界面脱黏时颗粒增强金属基复合材料的弹塑性性能

基于Eshelby等效夹杂理论和 Mori-Tanaka平均场理论,导出含损伤两相复合材料的刚度张量.认为颗粒增强金属基复合材料的界面脱黏受控于颗粒所受的拉应力,引入Weibull分布函数描述颗粒脱黏概率,且受单向拉伸载荷作用时,仅在沿受力方向的上下两侧发生部分界面脱黏,从而将部分脱黏的各向同性颗粒由一完好的横观各向同性颗粒来等效,建立了部分脱黏模型.假定基体为各向同性材料,颗粒仅产生弹性变形.基体产生弹塑性变形且满足Mises屈服准则和等向强化准则,采用割线模量法讨论了球形颗粒增强金属基复合材料部分界面脱黏时的弹塑性性能,理论预测与实验结果吻合较好.     

Al2O3p/40Cr复合材料的热震失效机理

采用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3p/40Cr表层复合材料,研究了复合材料在热震过程中裂纹萌生和扩展的机理。复合层厚度为5mm,Al2O3颗粒体积分数为56%;热震试验采用650℃保温5min、20℃水冷,反复循环。结果表明,在弱机械结合情况下,由于空气中的氧气和铁生成的氧化物与基体在热膨胀系数和弹性性能上不匹配,裂纹首先在氧化层中萌生,随着氧化层厚度增加,会加速裂纹的生长;从各个方向生长的裂纹相遇时会搭接在一起,形成比较大的宏观裂纹。此机理与WC等其他颗粒增强复合材料的热震失效机理有着显著差异。热震15次后,试验材料在复合层和基材的宏观界面出现大裂纹。     

往复镦挤对SiC_p/2024铝基复合材料组织性能的影响

采用室温拉伸测试、扫描电镜及透射电镜等手段研究了往复镦挤变形工艺对SiCp/2024铝基复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,SiCp/2024铝基复合材料经过往复墩挤后,基体组织出现细化,SiC颗粒发生破碎,基体中SiC颗粒由团聚变得分布均匀;在交替剪切变形作用下,基体中的位错发生重组和湮灭,形成细小的亚晶;相对于挤压态,经过4道次变形后,复合材料抗拉强度由271 MPa提高到378 MPa,屈服强度由203MPa提高到260 MPa;经过往复镦挤变形后,拉伸断口以界面脱粘和颗粒断裂方式为主.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料弹性模量的影响因素

以SiCp／6066A1复合材料为例,计算和分析了界面性能参数（界面／基体模量比、界面泊松比和界面体积含量）及细观结构参数（颗粒形状、排列方式和尺寸变化方式）对颗粒增强铝基复合材料弹性模量的影响．结果表明：组分性能与界面性能对复合材料的弹性模量影响显著,细观结构的影响不明显,在工程应用中可以忽略细观结构的影响．在保证复合材料延伸率的前提下,最有效增加复合材料弹性模量的途径是改善复合材料的界面结合情况．当界面模量为基体模量的20％～30％时即可获得满意的增强效果．     

SiC 粒子增强铝基复合材料的断裂行为

通过拉伸和两种缺口断裂韧性试验（４ＰＢ和３ＰＢ）及断口和卸载试样金相观察分析,对ＳｉＣ粒子增强铝基复合材料的断裂行为进行了研究．结果表明：ＳｉＣ粒子与基体界面发生脱粘开裂形成微裂纹并扩展进入基体是其主要断裂过程．在ＳｉＣ粒子加入量相同,并进行Ｔ６处理的条件下,大尺寸ＳｉＣ粒子的复合材料具有较高的断裂强度和断裂韧性．     

纤维方位角对玻纤复合材料破坏机理的影响研究

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对不同纤维方位角的玻纤增强树脂复合材料（GFRP）在单拉载荷下的破坏过程进行了实时观测．在桥联模型基础上，将纤维剪应力和基体正应力定义为界面的应力状态，对概化的GFRP材料单元进行了定量分析，得到了单拉载荷下纤维体积分数为27．5％的单元起裂时的应力状态，并通过最大应力强度准则确定了导致起裂的应力分量．综合SEM图片中裂纹形态和断口形貌，分析了不同纤维方位角的GFRP材料裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展的机理．分析结果表明，随着纤维方位角增大，导致GFRP材料裂纹萌生的应力分量由基体最大主应力演化为界面剪应力；裂纹扩展路径由最大主应力控制的基体开裂演化为最大剪应力控制的界面开裂．     

奥氏体耐热不锈钢310S动态拉伸变形行为研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)静载动态拉伸原位观察方法研究了310S奥氏体耐热不锈钢常温动态拉伸过程中裂纹的萌生、扩展及断裂过程.结果表明:裂纹源容易在夹杂物、基体界面以及应力集中部位形成.随着拉伸变形进行,不同位置形成的微裂纹中,处于与拉伸应力方向相同或相近的有利位相的微裂纹不断亚稳扩展,最后与周围微裂纹连接形成主裂纹.当主裂纹扩展到一定程度达到或超出临界裂纹尺寸后,试样裂纹发生全面失稳扩展而试样迅速断裂.     

晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料强韧化机制的评述

综述了晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料的强韧化机制。近年来报道中常见的晶须的强化机制是载荷转移和基体预应力，韧化机制有裂纹偏转，晶须桥接和拔出，这些机制均决定于晶须／基体界面的性质。最后指出这一研究领域存在的问题     

Research on Vibration Cutting Performance of Particle Reinforced Metallic Matrix Composites SiC_p/Al

The cutting performance of particle reinforced meta ll ic matrix composites (PRMMCs) SiC p/Al in ultrasonic vibration cutting and comm on cutting with carbide tools and PCD tools was experimentally researched in the paper. The changing rules of chip shape, deformation coefficient, shear angle a nd surface residual stress were presented by ultrasonic vibration cutting. Resul ts show: when adopting common cutting, spiral chip with smaller curl radius will be obtained. The chip with zigzag contour is short ...     

超显微硬度法研究SiC_P/6066铝基复合材料微区硬度变化

对喷射共沉积后经挤压的SiCP/ 6 0 6 6铝基复合材料 ,通过采用超显微硬度法测量了其微区的硬度变化 ,观察其显微组织 .结果表明 :在SiC颗粒分布密集处 ,基体超显微硬度值HV为 143.2 ,而在SiC颗粒分布稀疏处 ,硬度值HV为 10 7.2 ,二者之间有明显差距 .这是由于分布密集的增强体SiCP 周围局部基体应力场应力集中更剧烈而使超显微硬度值提高 .此外还测量了由于热收缩应力引起SiCP 周围应力场的变化而导致的微区硬度的变化 .在SiC颗粒附近基体硬度值较高 ,HV达 10 5 .8,而离SiC粒子距离大于其颗粒半径的基体中 ,硬度较低 ,HV约为 81.7.SiCP 造成基体中应力场的叠加可使基体中出现张应力区 .此外 ,通过测量复合材料超显微硬度值的变化 ,分析了残余应力对喷射共沉积复合材料微区一些力学性能的影响     

基于三点弯曲试验研究合金化镀层剥落机制

通过三点弯曲试验,利用电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)及金相显微镜(OM)研究了合金化镀锌板(GA)不同应力状态(压应力、拉应力)下裂纹的扩展、延伸及镀层的剥落.结果表明:锌层从合金化炉出来冷却过程中锌层中的裂纹产生于δ和Γ相中.在变形过程中,压应力和拉应力侧裂纹的扩展和锌层的剥落机制不同.在拉应力一侧,裂纹沿着垂直板面的方向延伸,到达Γ-αFe界面,沿着平行于Γ-αFe界面继续延伸,与第二条裂纹接触后,锌层剥落;在压应力一侧,裂纹沿着与板面成一定角度的方向扩展,最后镀层剥离或者在δ相内或者与拉应力一侧相同,到达Γ-αFe界面后,沿着Γ-αFe界面延伸最后产生破坏.实验结果还表明,镀层在压应力条件下更容易产生粉化现象.     

Relationship between composite structures and compressive properties in CuZr-based bulk metallic glass system

Bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites with the austenite B2 phase as reinforcement macroscopically showed strain hardening behavior due to the plasticity induced by martensitic transformation during deformation. Relationship between characteristics of the B2-CuZr reinforcing phase and uniaxial compressive properties of CuZr-based BMG composites was studied. Mechanical properties of these BMG composites were found to depend on not only the reinforced phases but also the amorphous matrix,and the yield and fracture strength can be roughly estimated by the rule of mixture principle. Distribution of the reinforced B2-CuZr phase has an important impact on the compressive plasticity even for the composites with a similar volume fraction of the crystalline phase.     

INTERFACIAL MICROSTRUCTURE OF SILICON CARBIDE FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES

Electron microscopy, including bright field imaging, dark field imaging, high resolution imaging, (SAD) and (EDX), was employed to investigate the interfacial microstructure of silicon carbide fiber reinforced composites. It is found that SiC / SiC has well-defined interface layer between fibers and matrix, consisting primary of graphite crystallites. The interface of SiC / Pyrex displays a very poor bonding. For SiC / JG6 it is difficult to distinguish the interface region from fiber and matrix in TEM image.     

Reinforcing effect of laminate structure on the fracture toughness of Al_3Ti intermetallic

Metal/intermetallic laminate composites can improve the mechanical properties of intermetallic materials using metal layers. In recent years, titanium aluminide intermetallics have received increasing attention due to their excellent performance properties, such as high melting point, high specific strength and stiffness, and good corrosion resistance. However, the low fracture toughness of Al_3Ti alloys at room temperature has greatly limited their application, and fiber or particle reinforcement has not shown a significant toughening effect. Research into the reinforcing effects of the interface and near-interface zone on the fracture behavior of Al_3Ti is lacking. Ti/Al_3Ti metal/intermetallic laminate composite was synthesized from titanium and aluminum foils using vacuum hot-pressed sintering technology. The microstructure of the prepared material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. Results illustrate that both Ti and Al_3Ti were single-phase and there was a noticeable stress concentration on the interface. To obtain indentation and cracks, loads were applied to different locations of the composite by a microhardness tester. The growth path of the cracks was then observed under microscope, showing that crack propagation was prevented by the interface between the Ti and Al_3Ti layers, and the cracks that propagated parallel to the laminate shifted to the interface. Fracture toughness of the different areas, including Al_3Ti layers, interface, and near-interface zone, were measured by the indentation fracture method. The fracture toughness at and near the interface was 1.7 and 2 times that of the Al_3Ti layers, respectively. Results indicate that crack blunting and crack front convolution by the laminate structure was primarily responsible for increased toughness.     

不同颗粒增强铁基复合材料磨损性能的对比

采用动态电流直加热制备,提出了分段加热工艺,研究了陶瓷颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨损性能和磨损机理.结果表明:四种不同颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨损量均在#45钢磨损量的15%以下;Ti(C,N)对改善材料磨损性能作用最强,表明与基体界面可经受一定变形量的强化粒子最有利于提高耐磨性;复合材料的耐磨性均在强化粒子体积分数为10%时达到最好.铁基复合材料表现出高摩擦系数时耐磨性反而更好的特性,在耐磨材料应用方面显示出巨大优势.