磺化沥青的原料组成及工艺条件的优化

采用发烟硫酸为磺化剂考察了原料沥青的化学组成、溶剂的化学组成及磺化剂用量对磺化沥青产品性能的研究。研究结果表明，沥青的化学组成是影响产品性能的重要因素。另外，溶剂的化学组成影响了沥青－溶剂体系的状态，进而影响了磺化产品的性能。     

聚醚砜的磺化改性

聚醚砜是一种综合性能优异的特种工程塑料，由于其结构的特殊性造就了其性能的稳定性。以浓硫酸为溶剂，氯磺酸为磺化剂，对聚醚砜进行了磺化改性，并对磺化时间、反应温度、搅拌速度和氯磺酸与聚醚砜的摩尔比等因素进行了探讨，结果表明：磺化温度为10℃左右较好，磺化反应为一平衡反应，搅拌速度对磺化度影响不大，磺化度和氯磺酸与聚醚砜的摩尔比几乎呈一线性关系。     

四种典型减渣的组成分布及蜡分布

采用一种新的分离分析技术，将超临界流体精密分离和四组分分离相结合，得到了具有代表性的四种渣油的组成分布蜡分布，讨论了这些化学组成信息对油溶剂脱沥青工艺条件的选择及产品性质预测的指导意义。     

气相法制备石油磺酸盐的反应条件优化

测定了大港油田羊三木油区减二线油和减四线油的蜡、沥青质、芳烃含量,结果表明两者蜡和沥青质含量均较少,可不经处理用于磺化,其芳烃含量分别为42.4%或38.2%。以氮气抽提发烟硫酸而得稀释SO3气体作为磺化剂,得出减二线油直接磺化粗产品率比减四线高出12.3%,因而选用了减二线油进行合成。但要提高磺化产率,需进行复配优化处理,筛选大港减二线油与重烷基苯以6∶4进行复配,粗产品的收率达到90.3%。并在此基础上,以中和值、活性物含量、不磺化物含量和无机盐部分作为评价指标,对磺化反应影响因素进行了优化：反应温度50～55℃,反应时间5h,SO3气体平均浓度4.5g/L,稀释混合气流速为140L/h。经中和后无需分离直接得到了性能稳定的石油磺酸盐表面活性剂。     

基于沥青与集料界面粘附性的抗剥落剂的开发

为研究沥青与集料的粘附性，定量测定了沥青各组分与集料粘附性的大小。对沥青电性能、接触角、粘度与粘附性关系进行了探讨。研究了集料ξ电位、粒径对粘附性的影响。结果表明ξ电位值与粘附性有较好的相关关系，其值越大，粘附性越好；与大粒径集料不同，细集料粘附性似乎取决于表面积的大小，而与集料化学组成关系不大；从水煮处理花岗岩能提高粘附性现象出发，研制出抗剥落剂。该抗剥落剂处理集料表面能提高混合料水稳定性及高温稳定性，配制的改性沥青能极大提高沥青混合料高温性能。     

微波辐照下酞菁铜配合物的合成及其磺化反应

在微波辐照条件下，进行了酞菁铜配合物的微波合成研究和浓硫酸作为磺化剂酞菁铜配合物的微波磺化反应研究，获得了常规加热条件下不能制备的水溶性磺化酞菁铜配合物，并由电子光谱和红外光谱进行了表征。该微波磺化反应展示了微波辐照优良的非热效应，可作为水溶性金属酞菁衍生物的一种简便快速制备方法，避免采用发烟硫酸作为磺化试剂的常规加热制备方法所带来的空气污染，本文考察了微波辐照强度、微波作用时间与反应试剂组成用量的影响规律，探讨了微波场对合成反应的化学动力学作用。     

磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体的制备与表征（Ⅰ）

以环己烷为溶剂、浓硫酸和丙酸酐为磺化剂，制备了磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体。ＦＴ—ＩＲ谱留证明磺化反应是成功的。研究了磺化条件的影响，确认磺化反应的最佳条件为：浓硫酸：丙酸酐＝１：１（ｍｏｌ）；２３Ｋ下，磺化时间为２小时。热分析结果表明，本方法制备的离聚体的玻璃化转变温度与离子含量无关，表现出类似于嵌段共聚物的特点。     

利用添加物提高沥青结合耐火材料性能的研究

本研究利用化学活性物质对结合剂沥青进行改性处理,考察了添加化学活性物质对沥青及沥青结合耐火材料性能的影响。结果表明,添加化学活性物质,可提高沥青的残碳,改变碳化产物的组织结构。控制化学活性物质的加入量,可制得高残碳、高强度的优质沥青结合耐火材料。     

端羟基液体聚丁二烯的合成

采用５０％的工业双氧水为引发剂，乙醇为溶剂，丁二烯为单体，进行自由基溶液聚合端羟基液体聚丁二烯。考察了引发剂，溶剂等因素对产品产率及性能的影响，对聚合物的分子量，分子量分布，粘度，羟值等性能进行了表征。确定了最佳合成工艺条件。在产品的后自理方面，考察了不同的后处理方法对产品中残存的双氧水含量及水含量的影响，结果表明，后处理采用热水洗涤法。     

四种典型减渣的组成分布及蜡分布

采用一种新的分离分析技术,将超临界流体精密分离和四组分分离相结合,得到了具有代表性的四种渣油的组成分布和蜡分布,讨论了这些化学组成信息对渣油溶剂脱沥青工艺条件的选择及产品性质预测的指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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