基于市场细分的定价与批量问题的联合决策

研究了多周期离散时间下,拥有若干个目标市场的制造商如何对变质性产品协调地进行定价决策和生产决策,使得利润最大化.需求是价格的线性函数,建立了二次规划模型.提出了基于动态规划的精确算法,分析了算法的时间复杂度,可以在多项式时间内求解出最优生产计划和各个周期各子市场的最优定价.实验结果揭示了需求函数系数的变化对利润、各周期各子市场需求(或价格)的影响.     

能力受限的批量问题与动态定价的联合决策

研究了允许需求延迟，制造商生产能力有限情形下，价格对多产品批量模型的影响。制造商处于垄断地位，具有定价主导权。分析了曩优解的性质乖特征．蛤出了基于拉格朗日松驰的启发式算法，耙原问题转换成若干个单产品无能力受限批量与定价协调问题．在算法中设计了拉格朗日下界问题和上界问题，通过在上、下界问题问的反复速代，得到曩优价格序列和相应的曩优生产策略．实验结果表明，与分散策略相比，显著降低了计算量；制定更为合理的价格，增加了制造商的利润。     

考虑资源约束和变质期的订货批量与定价的联合决策

传统的订货计划一般假定需求事先已知.研究了需求是价格的函数、订货能力有限情形时,订货商对变质性产品协调地进行定价决策和订货决策,使得利润最大化.建立了二次规划数学模型. 提出了基于动态规划的算法,可以在多项式时间内求解原问题的最优定价策略和最优订货计划.实验结果表明,与分散决策相比,联合决策可以给订货商带来更多的利润.通过订货能力的灵敏度分析,表明订货能力变化对利润和价格产生显著影响,有助于订货商选择恰当的订货能力水平.通过变质期的灵敏度分析,揭示了变质期对订货策略影响显著.     

Polynomial dynamic programming algorithms for lot sizing models with bounded inventory and stockout and/or backlogging

This paper addresses a dynamic lot sizing problem with bounded inventory and stockout where both no backlogging and backlogging allowed cases are considered. The stockout option means that there is outsourcing in a period only when the inventory level at that period is non-positive. The production capacity is unlimited and production cost functions are linear but with fixed charges. The problem is that of satisfying all demands in the planning horizon at minimal total cost. We show that the no backlogging case can be solved in ) O(T ²) time with general concave inventory holding and outsourcing cost functions where T is the length of the planning horizon. The complexity can be reduced to O(T) when the inventory holding cost functions are also linear and have some realistic properties, even if the outsourcing cost functions remain general concave functions. When the inventory holding and outsourcing cost functions are linear, the backlogging case can be solved in O(T ³logT) time whether the outsourcing level at each period is bounded by the sum of the demand of that period and backlogging level from previous periods, or only by the demand of that period.     

市场细分下定价与能力受限批量的联合决策

面对激烈的市场竞争,企业常常把市场细分成若干子市场,根据每个子市场的特点,采取不同的定价策略.本文针对市场细分、价格敏感需求且生产能力受限情形,研究了制造商如何协调地进行定价决策和生产决策,使得利润最大化.零库存原理仍然成立,可以把原问题分解为一组具有特殊性质的子问题.每个子问题可以由两个简单模型联合表示:需求分配模型和批量模型.提出了基于动态规划的精确算法,可以在多项式时间内求解原问题的最优生产计划和各周期各子市场最优价格.     

并行加工经济批量问题的最优算法

考察了 n - period经济加工批量问题并给出一种复杂度 O(mnlogn )的优化算法 .对于无能力约束的动态经济加工批量问题 (Wagner- Whitin问题 ) ,最早由 Wagner和 Whitin(195 8)提出 ,并给出一个基于动态规划 ,复杂度为 O(n2 )的算法 .最近 ,有许多人重新对该问题进行了研究 ,并以多种方式给出了复杂度为 O(nlogn )的算法 .本文在以上研究的基础上 ,针对柔性加工多机并行加工情况 ,给出了一种复杂度为 O(mnlogn )的 Wagner- Whitin问题的解法 .     

带分段仓储能力决策的动态批量优化问题研究

本文考虑一个单一产品仓储能力决策和库存决策的动态批量集成优化问题.在这个模型中,长度为T个周期的计划期被划分成连续的若干段,每段初需制定该段的仓储能力决策,同一段中各期的期末库存水平均受限于该段仓储能力.假设每段仓储能力费用为仓储能力的非减函数,各期的产品订货费用为固定费用,库存保管费用是一个期末库存量的线性函数.利用分解技术和几何技术,本文开发一个计算复杂度为O(T~3)的动态规划算法.计算测试显示,该算法与求解混合整数规划(MIP)的商业软件相比,在计算时间上具有明显的优势.     

Collaborative supply chain planning under dynamic lot sizing costs with capacity decision

Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply chain planning problem with capacity acquisition decision under asymmetric cost and demand information. A simple negotiation-based coordination mechanism is developed to synchronize production/order strategies of a supplier and a buyer. The coordination scheme shows how the supplier and the buyer modify their production and order policy in order to find a joint economic lot sizing plan, which saves the overall supply chain cost. The allocation of the cooperation benefit is determined by negotiation. Due to the complexity of the multiple periods, multiple level supply chain lot sizing with capacity decision, a heuristic algorithm is developed to find coordination solutions. Finally, the results of the numerical study indicate the performance of supply chain coordination scheme.     

运输能力受限与费用时变批量问题的拉格朗日松弛启发式算法

在多产品、多周期动态批量问题中引入产品的运输成本,每个周期采购的产品通过同一类型的运输工具运输.单位运输工具运载能力受限,每个周期可以使用的运输工具数量有限且单位使用费用时变.根据初始假定建立混合整数规划模型,运用拉格朗日松弛理论,通过约束松弛与模型分解,设计一个启发式算法进行模型求解.通过随机产生的大量实例从计算效果与效率两方面来评价启发式算法.     

A novel mixed integer programming formulation and progressively stochastic search for capacitated lot sizing

The capacitated multi-level lot sizing problem is to schedule a number of different items with a bill-of-materials structure over a horizon of finite periods.To advance techniques of solving this class of problems,this paper proposes a new mixed integer programming formulation.Theoretical proofs and computational tests are provided to show that this formulation is able to provide better linear programming relaxation lower bounds than a previously-proposed strong mixed integer programming formulation.Based on the new strong formulation,a progressively stochastic search approach is proposed for solving the problem.Computational results showed that the approach generates high quality solutions,especially for problems of large sizes.     

Cooperative advertising and pricing models in a dynamic marketing channel

This paper studies dynamic pricing and cooperative advertising strategies in a two-member channel of distribution. We propose differential game models that incorporate the carryover effects of advertising over time for both manufacturer and retailer. Two different models are studied. Firstly, we discussed a non-cooperative differential game which the manufacturer supports partially the cost of the promotion activities. Secondly, both channel members cooperatively determine their respective strategies. In these two cases, dynamic cooperative advertising and pricing strategies are characterized. Then numerical simulation method is applied to analyze the sensitivity of main model parameters and compare the main results of the two models. The simulation results show that the cooperative model achieves better coordination than the non-cooperative model with the following features： all channel members achieve higher advertising efforts and profit level in the cooperative case rather than in the non-cooperative case.     

易逝品随机生产库存模型动态定价、服务水平和生产控制策略

本文研究需求受价格和服务水平双重影响下的易逝品随机生产库存模型,探讨考虑外部随机扰动对库存变动影响下易逝品企业的最优联合动态定价、服务和生产策略,并基于随机最优控制理论,运用Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)方程对最优策略进行了求解.研究表明:最优动态价格、服务水平和生产速率是库存水平的线性反馈形式;外部随机扰动的大小对易逝品生产企业所获得的折现利润总期望会产生不同影响,在整个经营周期内外界不确定因素越大,易逝品生产企业所获得的折现利润总期望越小;价格敏感系数和服务敏感系数会影响易逝品企业生产、服务、价格策略.