锅炉汽包下降管区域三维有限元应力集中分析

针对亚临界锅炉汽包内插式接管结构，以300 MW机组锅炉汽包的　670　mm×125　mm下降管接管为例，通过三维有限元计算方法，定量分析了几种不同插式接管的内压应力集中水平．为了减小内插式接管结构内伸段对锅炉水循环的影响，将其头部加工成马鞍形．通过对比分析，得出以下结论有内伸段的内插式接管结构比平齐内插式接管结构的应力集中水平低得多；有马鞍形内伸段的内插式接管结构不仅能保持上述特点，而且能减小对下降管口区域工质流动的影响，从而保证锅炉的水循环安全．     

切向燃烧锅炉炉膛结构对烟道烟气偏差的影响

对引进型６００ＭＷ机组四角切向燃烧锅炉进行冷态模化试验，系统地研究了上部炉膛折焰角结构和炉膛高度对水平烟道内气流速度不均匀性的影响．通过对原炉膛结构进行改进，提出了新的折焰角结构和炉膛高度，明显减小了水平烟道内气流速度场的不均匀性，为解决大容量四角切向燃烧锅炉水平烟道烟气偏差提供了有价值的试验数据，并为锅炉设计和改造提供了参考依据．     

补强方式对压力容器开孔接管区集中应力的影响

采用有限元法分析了补强方式对压力容器开孔接管区的集中应力的影响,比较了补强圈补强结构和厚壁接管补强结构的补强效果,并对其应力集中系数进行了研究.结果表明:不论使用补强圈补强,还是使用厚壁接管补强,补强后的应力集中系数都明显降低,且对于大开孔结构,厚壁接管补强优于补强圈补强.     

切向燃烧锅炉炉膛结构对烟道气偏差的影响

对引进型６００ＭＷ机组四角切向燃烧锅炉进行冷态模化试验,系统地研究了上部炉膛的拆焰角结构和炉膛高度对水平烟道内气流速度下均匀性的影响,通过对原炉膛的结构进行改进,提出了新的折焰角结构和炉膛高度,明显减小于水平烟道内气流速度场的不均匀性,为解决大容量四角切向燃烧锅炉水平烟道烟气偏差提供了有价值的试验数据,并为锅炉设计和改造提供了参考依据。     

压力容器与切向接管结构应力三维有限元分析及强度评定

采用三维有限元方法对压力容器与接管切向连接部位进行了应力分析,获得了该部位的应力分布信息,并与正交接管连接结构形式的应力分布进行了比较．计算结果表明,采用压力容器的切向接管连接结构,使连接区域及其附近区域的应力分布复杂化,并产生明显的应力集中,其应力集中系数随接管与筒体连接处距离的增大而快速降低;各类应力的最大值发生在接管与筒体连接处且位于接管上部位的内侧区域,是筒体失效的危险区域;与压力容器正交接管开孔连接结构形式相比,采用压力容器切向接管连接结构,其连接部位的应力分布更趋复杂化,有更明显的应力集中现象．另外,本文还详述了采用JB4732—1995应力分析设计标准对压力容器与接管切向连接结构进行强度评定的方法．     

基于极限分析的铝板翅式换热器封头许用接管载荷计算方法研究

对承受内压和接管载荷的板翅式换热器封头结构,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对其进行了极限分析,计算出许用接管载荷后再对其作弹性有限元分析.采用应力分析设计方法,根据ASME-Ⅷ锅炉和压力容器标准第八卷第二册中的设计准则对在最大允许接管载荷作用下的结构应力最大点进行评定,为计算板翅式换热器封头接管载荷提供了可行性方法.     

对接接头应力集中系数的有限元分析

用有限元方法计算了对接接头焊趾部位的应力集中系数，分析了焊趾倾角和焊趾过渡圆弧对应力集中系数的影响．结果表明，通过减小焊趾倾角或（和）增大过渡圆弧半径的方法可以有效地缓和接头的应力集中．而焊趾过渡园弧的引入从力学和焊接冶金两个方面提高了接头的抗裂性．同时指出，单侧有加强高的对接接头比双侧都有加强高的接头有较小的应力集中系数．还给出了估算对接接头应力集中系数的回归方程式     

可拆式螺旋板换热器传质传热的数值模拟

应用计算流体动力学（CFD）和数值传热学方法,建立了考虑可拆式螺旋板换热器（DSHE）内流动与传热的三维数学模型,分析了换热器内流体的流速、流向、流动状态以及换热器高度、流道间距、接管形式等流动与结构参数对传热系数、系统压降及传热-压降性能系数凤等参数的影响．结果表明,几何结构一定时,流速增加会使传热系数增大、压降增大、性能系数减小,但相比之下,适当提高油侧流速比提高水侧流速对强化传热更经济有效;而在流量一定情况下,随换热器高度或板间距增大,传热系数和压降会减小,传热-压降性能系数EK会提高,但螺旋板圈数增加却会使传热系数、压降、传热-压降性能系数均有不同程度的劣化,同时金属板材消耗量增大,经济性降低．此外,切向接管和逆流流动更有利于强化传热和减小压降,换热器综合性能更好．这些结果对可拆式螺旋板换热器的结构优化与参数调试具有重要的参考价值和指导意义．     

斜接管结构的塑性极限载荷及爆破压力

斜接管在连接处的应力集中要比具有相同结构参数的正交接管结构大得多。本文对具有30°、大径比（d/D≥0.5）斜接管结构的塑性极限载荷及爆破压力进行了试验研究,从而为这种结构的极限设计提供了依据。     

架空输电导线夹持区应力有限元分析

受架空输电导线拉力的影响,导线在夹持区易出现应力集中现象,在微风振动作用下,夹持区易产生疲劳断股破坏．采用Abaqus有限元分析软件,对35kV架空导线的夹持区进行有限元分析,结果表明应力集中主要分布在线夹出口处,随导线拉力增大,导线底部应力集中明显减小,顶部也有减小．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the