抗癌药物靶向制剂的研究现状

抗癌靶向药物制剂能使药物选择性地与靶组织在细胞或亚细胞水平上发生反应,使药物能够可控性地分布,并于靶区持续缓慢地释放药物,有效降低其对正常组织的毒副作用,从而提高化疗疗效.针对目前国内外正在研究并取得了一定进展的抗癌靶向药物制剂,进行了全面客观的综述.通过大量文献,从靶向治疗设计模式、靶向制剂的分类、抗癌靶向药物载体及影响药物靶向性的因素等方面进行探讨.发现尽管靶向制剂广泛应用于临床尚需时日,但它们对于克服肿瘤治疗中的毒副作用,从而提高疗效具有不可忽视的作用.     

黄杞总黄酮的抗血栓作用及其机理研究

【目的】探讨黄杞总黄酮(TFER)的抗血栓形成作用及其机理,为进一步评估和研发黄杞的抗血栓形成作用提供实验依据。【方法】建立3种实验性血栓形成模型:大鼠腹主动脉血栓模型、大鼠体内静脉血栓模型、大鼠"衰老加血瘀证"血栓模型,观察TFER的抗血栓作用,研究其机理。【结果】TFER能延长腹主动脉血栓形成大鼠血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),降低纤维蛋白原(Fib)含量,同时能缩短血栓长度,降低血栓形成率;能减轻体内静脉血栓形成大鼠的血栓湿重;能降低大鼠血清血栓素(TXB2)、内皮素1(ET-1)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脑组织MDA和脂褐质(Lf)含量,同时提高大鼠血清前列环素(PGI2)、纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。【结论】TFER具有抗血栓作用,其作用可能是通过调节凝血功能,调节血小板聚集反应,改善纤溶平衡异常,抑制脂质过氧化反应从而达到抗血栓作用。     

岩豆凝集素寡糖链的研究

用肼解法释放了岩豆凝集素（ＭＤＬ）的寡糖链，经离子交换柱层析和滤纸层析除去肽钛和其它小分子物质，所获得的寡糖部分，以ＮａＢＨ４还原，得到还原末端为Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖醇的寡糖链。再经Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ｐ－４凝胶柱过滤，可以从ＭＤＬ分离出两个寡糖链。此纯化的两个寡糖链经甲醇－盐酸水解，最后制备三甲基硅醚衍生物，用气相色谱法分析其糖基组成。分析结果表明；ＭＤＬ分子中含有以Ｎ－型糖苷链连接的两条寡糖链，其糖     

Expression, purification of a synthetic fuse-protein-TSF from PF4 and TSP1 fragments and its effect on angiogenesis and tumor growth

Sequences encoding PF4 (58–70) and TSP1 (429–459) were linked to yield a single gene TSF which encodes the fuse-protein of TSF. The gene was cloned into a pGEX-2T expression vector to generate a protein GST-TSF, which was strongly expressed inE. coli. The purified GST-TSF was degraded with thrombin to generate the protein TSF. With the methods of MTT and wound repair assay, the effects of TSF on the proliferation and migration of EC were detected, respectively. The results showed that TSF significantly suppressed BAEC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The fuse protein GST-TSF, and the peptides PF4 (58–70) and TSP1 (429–459) also inhibited BAEC proliferation and migration, respectively, but their inhibition rates were not as high as TSF. Using the CAM assay, it was shown that TSF, GST-TSF, PF4 (58–70) and TSP1 (429–459) inhibited angiogenesis in chick CAM potentially, the effect of TSF was the highest.In vivo, the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma was potently inhibited by TSF treatment, and the inhibition rate was 68.75% at a dose of 1.00 μmol/kg · d. These findings suggest that the design on TSF gene was successful, and TSF with its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity, should be a useful source of the inhibitor.     

虎杖苷对血栓形成及血小板与中性粒细胞间相互作用的影响

 采用电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓形成和结扎大鼠下腔静脉方法评价虎杖苷(polydatin,PD)的抗血栓形成作用;应用玫瑰花结试验和Born比浊法观察PD对血小板与中性粒细胞之间的相互作用.实验结果显示:PD对电刺激大鼠颈动脉及结扎大鼠下腔静脉引起的血栓形成具有明显的对抗作用;PD明显抑制凝血酶引起的血小板与中性粒细胞间的粘附作用和肉豆蔻佛波醇(N-formyl-methiongl-leucyl-phenylalanine,fMLP)激活的中性粒细胞悬液引起的血小板聚集作用,其半数抑制浓度(medium inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀)分别为51.9,307.6μmol/L.本实验提示PD有明显的抗血栓形成作用,其机制与阻抑血小板与中性粒细胞间的相互作用密切相关.     

Effect of Pueraria Flavonoid on Diabetes in Mice Complicated by Hyperlipidemia

IntroductionDiabetic patients may have both hyperglycemia andhyperlipidemia.Not only in diabetes type1 ,butparticularly in type2 ,lipid disorders are likely tocontribute significantly to the increased risk ofmicro-vascular complications,especially coronaryheart disease.Management of glucose and lipidmetabolism disorders should be given high priorityin the clinical care of all diabetes patients.Inadequate animal models have hindered the studyof the pathogenic components of the diabeticmellitus …     

Abnormal mast cells in mice deficient in a heparin-synthesizing enzyme.

Heparin is a sulphated polysaccharide, synthesized exclusively by connective-tissue-type mast cells and stored in the secretory granules in complex with histamine and various mast-cell proteases. Although heparin has long been used as an antithrombotic drug, endogenous heparin is not present in the blood, so it cannot have a physiological role in regulating blood coagulation. The biosynthesis of heparin involves a series of enzymatic reactions, including sulphation at various positions. The initial modification step, catalysed by the enzyme glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulphotransferase-2, NDST-2, is essential for the subsequent reactions. Here we report that mice carrying a targeted disruption of the gene encoding NDST-2 are unable to synthesize sulphated heparin. These NDST-2-deficient mice are viable and fertile but have fewer connective-tissue-type mast cells; these cells have an altered morphology and contain severely reduced amounts of histamine and mast-cell proteases. Our results indicate that one site of physiological action for heparin could be inside connective-tissue-type mast cells, where its absence results in severe defects in the secretory granules.     

Regioselective one-pot protection of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are involved in a wide range of biological processes. These structurally diverse compounds are more complex than other biological polymers, and are often present as heterogeneous mixtures in nature. The chemical synthesis of carbohydrates is one way to obtain pure oligosaccharides, but it is hampered by difficulties associated with the regioselective protection of polyhydroxyls and challenges related to the stereoselective assembly of glycosidic linkages. Here we describe a combinatorial, and highly-regioselective, method that can be used to protect individual hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide. This approach can be used to install an orthogonal protecting group pattern in a single reaction vessel (a 'one-pot' reaction), which removes the need to carry out the time-consuming isolation and purification of intermediates. Hundreds of building blocks have been efficiently prepared starting from d-glucose, and the iterative coupling of these building blocks enabled us to assemble beta-1,6-glucans and a library of oligosaccharides based on the influenza-virus-binding trisaccharide.     

N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐离子液体异构体的晶体结构及其异构化对热性质的影响

以具有直链或支链结构的溴代正丁烷、溴代异丁烷为烷基化试剂,设计合成了互为异构体的N-正丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐([n-C4pyr][PF6])和N-异丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐([i-C4pyr][PF6])离子液体,在配比为V甲醇：V甲苯=1∶3和V乙醇∶V甲苯= 1∶3的混合溶剂体系中,培养出了晶型完整的异构体单晶体,并通过单晶X衍射技术,确定了异构体单晶体的晶体结构。[n-C4pyr][PF6]属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/n,晶胞参数为a=2.62(3)nm, b=0.68(7)nm,c=0.72(7)nm,α=90.00(4)°,β=90.00(5)°,γ=90.00(4)°,Z=4.00,V=1.27(2)nm3,Dc=1.47mg/m3,μ=0.27mm-1,F(000)=576.00;[i-C4pyr][PF6]属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶胞参数为a=1.06(19)nm,b=0.97(18)nm,c=1.33(3)nm,α =90.00(4)°,β=113.00(3)°,γ=90.00°(4)°,Z=4.00,V=126.33(4)nm3,Dc=1.48mg/m3,μ=0.27mm-1,F(000=576.00。晶体结构分析表明：N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐离子液体异构体的空间群存在一定的联系,P2(1)/n属于P2(1)/c的变型,异构化影响了阴阳离子之间的相互作用以及晶体堆积的空间网络形成,异构化对N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐离子液体异构体的晶格能的影响显著,对热分解温度的影响较小;异构体的熔点相差29.10℃而凝固点相差为14.57℃,在冷却结晶过程中均出现过冷现象,进一步有效验证了其晶体学的研究结果。     

菲牛蛭的研究进展

综述菲牛蛭(Poecilobdella manillensis)的人工养殖技术、营养价值与化学成分、活性成分、药效学研究及临床应用、毒性与有害物质等方面的研究进展。菲牛蛭具有较高的营养价值,同时在临床上具有抗凝血、溶血栓、抗血小板聚集、降低血脂和改善血液循环等作用,并且未见明显毒副作用,是一种极具发展潜力的药用动物。     

适冷菌Pseudomonas extremaustralis PF中海藻糖的合成途径及TreS基因的克隆

通过对一株高寒冰缘植物内生适冷假单胞菌Pseudomonas extremaustralis PF的研究,发现该菌中同时存在TPS/TPP,TreY/TreZ和neS三种海藻糖合成途径,其中TreS途径的合成酶活性最高.对该菌的海藻糖合成酶TreS的基因进行克隆,得到一个新的TreS基因PFTreS,该基因与已报道的细菌TreS基因在核酸序列上表现出较高的同源性(最高达80.2%).根据基因序列预测的PFTreS氨基酸序列具有TreS酶的催化功能保守区,与假单胞菌P.fluorescens Pf-5的TreS有很高的同源性.这些结果表明了Pseudomonas extremaustralis中海藻糖的合成特性,为进一步揭示海藻糖的合成与Pseudomonas extremaustralis PF的低温响应机制的关系奠定了基础.     

两种新型抗血栓药物--水蛭素与水蛭肽

水蛭素是迄今发现的最强的天然凝血酶抑制剂 ,水蛭肽是模仿水蛭素与凝血酶的相互作用机制而合成的肽类化合物。本文介绍了他们的作用机理及其临床研究 ,叙述了他们与肝素相比的优越之外 ,认为水蛭素与水蛭肽是两类非常有前途的抗栓新药。     

低聚木糖对两歧双歧杆菌的增殖

以酶解低聚木糖为碳源，在严格厌氧条件下增殖两歧双歧杆菌。研究表明，低聚木糖可有效增殖两歧双歧杆菌，两歧双歧杆菌对该糖的转化率与对葡萄糖的相近。将低聚木糖在浓度为5.0-10g/L的范围内增加其初始浓度，可提高双歧杆菌的菌体浓度和增殖速率，低聚木糖对两歧双歧杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的双株混合培养效果明显优于单株培养，其功能完全符合人体的生理特点，适宜于低聚木糖在人体内自然增殖双歧杆菌菌群。     

胎盘免疫调节因子的实验研究

报道了改良的胎盘免疫调节因子（ＰＦ）提取方法，并对制备的ＰＦ理化性质，生物学活性，急性及长期毒性进行了系统的研究，结果表明ＰＦ由３个组分构成，分子量为３８００～５０００属核酸和多肽物质，性能稳定，有明显提高机体细胞免疫功能作用毒性试验证实ＰＦ无毒副作用，长期应用完全，初步临床应用结果提示ＰＦ对鼻咽癌，结核及慢性乙肝患者免疫功能提高作用。     

The crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel

Voltage-gated sodium (Na(V)) channels initiate electrical signalling in excitable cells and are the molecular targets for drugs and disease mutations, but the structural basis for their voltage-dependent activation, ion selectivity and drug block is unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of a voltage-gated Na(+) channel from Arcobacter butzleri (NavAb) captured in a closed-pore conformation with four activated voltage sensors at 2.7?? resolution. The arginine gating charges make multiple hydrophilic interactions within the voltage sensor, including unanticipated hydrogen bonds to the protein backbone. Comparisons to previous open-pore potassium channel structures indicate that the voltage-sensor domains and the S4-S5 linkers dilate the central pore by pivoting together around a hinge at the base of the pore module. The NavAb selectivity filter is short, ～4.6?? wide, and water filled, with four acidic side chains surrounding the narrowest part of the ion conduction pathway. This unique structure presents a high-field-strength anionic coordination site, which confers Na(+) selectivity through partial dehydration via direct interaction with glutamate side chains. Fenestrations in the sides of the pore module are unexpectedly penetrated by fatty acyl chains that extend into the central cavity, and these portals are large enough for the entry of small, hydrophobic pore-blocking drugs. This structure provides the template for understanding electrical signalling in excitable cells and the actions of drugs used for pain, epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia at the atomic level.     

氯甲基酚醛树脂的合成

以1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷(BCMB)为氯甲基化试剂,使用无水氯化锌作催化剂,在丙酮作溶剂的条件下对酚醛树脂(PF)进行了氯甲基化,制得氯甲基酚醛树脂(CMPF).考察了各种因素对氯甲基化反应的影响,确定了较佳反应条件为PF∶BCMB∶ZnCl2=1∶4.42∶0.58(质量比),58℃反应6h,可得到氯甲基化程度为65%的CMPF.通过红外光谱法和佛而哈德分析法表征了产物的化学结构与组成,并对反应机理进行探讨.     

蚌蛙蛭抗凝血蛋自的分离及抗凝血特性(英文)

以超速离心和肝素琼脂糖亲和层析从蚌蛙蛭（Batracobdellakasmiana）的粗提取液中分离到2种抗凝血蛋白．抗凝血活性测定证明,这2种蛋白具有显著抑制凝血酶的活性而不具有抑制凝血因子Xa的活性．亲和层析的蛋白洗脱峰与抑制凝血酶的活力峰相吻合;因此,蚌蛙蛭的抗凝血蛋白是属于凝血酶特异性的抗凝血蛋白．这为进一步研究蚌蛙蛭抗凝血蛋白的抗凝血机理及其应用打下了基础．     

龙血竭总酚活血化瘀活性成分的虚拟筛选及初步活性研究

应用Discovery Studio虚拟筛选软件,以凝血酶为受体,对龙血竭总酚活血化瘀有效成分进行了虚拟筛选. 虚拟筛选确定的受试成分对体外凝血酶活性的影响数据表明,计算机辅助虚拟筛选结果与体外药理实验结果基本符合. 受试成分龙血素A、龙血素B、龙血素C、7-羟基-4'-甲氧基黄烷、4',7-二羟基高异黄烷能抑制体外凝血酶活性,具有活血化瘀的药理作用.      

PF18-3, a 35-ku molecule, expresses specifically on apoptotic subset of mouse thymocytes

PF18-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), one of the rat mAbs against mouse thymic stromal cells (MTSC), has been found to inhibit thymocyte apoptosis induced by a mouse thymic dendritic cell line, MTSC4, in previous co-culture study. The aim of this research is to investigate the character of PF18-3 mAb recognized molecule ( PF18-3 molecule) and its role in MTSC4-induced thymocyte apoptosis. The characterization of PF18-3 molecule expression has been conducted by FACS analysis. PF18-3 molecules have been found to express on MTSC4 as well as on Con A activated but not freshly isolated thymocytes. Up-regulated expression of PF18-3 molecules has been also observed on thymocytes after being co-cultured with MTSC4 for 48 h. The results from FACS analyses by PI staining for detecting apoptosis-related hypodiploid and by PF18-3 mAb staining reveal that PF18-3 molecules expresss specifically on the apoptotic subgroup of thymocytes with high hypodiploid content. The PF18-3 molecule expressed on apoptotic thymocytes with 35 ku of molecular weight, identified by immunoprecipitation and western blotting, is thus likely to be a molecule involved in thymocyte apoptosis.     

无人机视角下的特征匹配引导粒子滤波跟踪算法

粒子滤波(particle filter, PF)算法被广泛应用于视觉目标的跟踪,然而,在无人机视角下,摄像机与画面中的目标同时运动,导致了PF对目标运动状态的预测失效.针对此问题,提出一种面向无人机视角下的改进的粒子滤波跟踪算法——特征匹配引导的粒子滤波跟踪算法.首先,利用相邻两帧图像中目标物体尺度不变特征变换(scale invariant feature transform, SIFT)特征匹配的结果作为初次定位;然后,利用空间加权的HOG特征与PF相结合获取二次定位结果;最后,利用chamfer distance修正跟踪结果的SIFT特征点作为下一帧特征匹配的模板,从而循环产生准确的视频跟踪结果.比较试验表明,该算法有效地改善了传统PF跟踪算法在无人机视角下运动状态预测方程失效的问题,能够较准确地对运动目标进行跟踪.