矢量传感器声源方位与噪声协方差阵联合估计

针对空域非均匀白噪声,通过矩阵变换估计噪声协方差矩阵,进而采用噪声预白化技术获取声源方位的最大似然估计,该方法避免了原最大似然算法加权参数选取的一维搜索过程,提高了算法效率;针对空域色噪声,利用噪声协方差矩阵的先验分布信息,结合噪声预白化技术,提出声源方位与噪声协方差矩阵迭代联合估计算法.仿真实验表明,空域非均匀白噪声背景下,与原最大似然估计方法相比,方位估计精度基本相同,但算法效率更高;空域色噪声背景下,与原最大似然估计方法相比,该方法提高了方位估计精度.     

基于布谷鸟搜索算法的最大似然DOA估计

为解决最大似然DOA(Direction of Arrival)估计多维非线性搜索计算量大的问题, 将布谷鸟搜索算法与最大似然算法相结合, 利用布谷鸟搜索算法优化多维非线性的最大似然DOA估计谱函数。在保留布谷鸟搜索算法的主体思想的同时, 改进了算法的位置迭代方式, 加快了收敛速度。仿真结果表明, 改进的布谷鸟搜索算法在DOA估计中具有较好的收敛性, 估计性能较好。     

元分析中三种统计异质性估计方法的比较

元分析中异质性的大小对模型选择和调节分析有着重要的参考价值,只有统计性质好的估计方法才能保证效应量的估计精度.通常有3种方法或途径可以计算异质性的大小,即矩估计、极大似然估计(ML)和限制性极大似然估计(REML).通过模拟研究发现,当研究数量超过40时,3种估计方法的均方误趋于一致;但在低于40的处理条件中,多数限制性极大似然估计的均方误介于矩估计和极大似然估计两者之间,更接近于统计量C-R下限值,故推荐限制性极大似然估计作为异质性的首要估计方法.     

全数字载波捕获算法

在数字化接收机中，通常采用最大似然估计算法来获得载波频移和相移的估值，但最大化非线性似然函数的计算量非常大，不易实现，该文提出一种通过将似然函数线性化来快速捕获载波的算法，大大减少了计算量，仿真结果表明，其性能接近克拉美劳界，且捕获频率范围宽，易于DSP实现，适合应用于全数字接收机。     

SQP 优化的最大似然波达方向角估计

为快速实现波达方向角( DOA: Direction Of Arrival) 的精确估计, 提出了应用序列二次规划( SQP:Sequence Quadratic Program)的最大似然DOA 估计算法。给出了用于DOA 估计的最大似然函数, 将参数估计问题转化为非线性函数优化问题; 并利用SQP 优化算法对似然函数的求解进行优化, 得到DOA 的估计值。仿真结果表明, 该算法可用较少的计算时间实现对似然函数的优化求解, 同时保留了最大似然估计的渐进无偏估计性能, 与遗传算法、粒子群算法相比, 不仅具有更快的寻优速度, 而且具有更高的收敛精度。     

基于完全样本的两参数Weibull分布的参数估计

结合概率图、数值计算方法及Monte-Carlo法给出了在完全样本下两参数Weibull分布参数极大似然估计(MLE)的数值解和区间估计的枢轴量,最后针对具体实例利用随机模拟实现了极大似然估计和区间估计,效果良好.     

一种迭代频偏估计算法

提出一种适于低信噪比条件下工作的数据辅助型(data-aided)频偏估计算法。计算接收信号自相关函数的辐角,基于最大似然策略合成频偏估计,并通过迭代消除估计模糊。仿真结果表明：迭代算法具有较大的频偏估计范围(估计范围达±40%符号速率),与M&M算法相比,迭代算法信噪比门限有接近3dB性能改善,其估计性能更接近FFT最大似然算法和克拉美-劳下界(CRLB),并且计算量有所降低;基于迭代算法的简化版本与迭代线性预测(ILP)算法相比信噪比门限更低,并且降低了计算复杂度。     

基于引力搜索算法的相干信号源DOA估计方法

针对最大似然(ML)DOA估计方法存在着运算量高且容易收敛到局部极值的问题。结合引力搜索算法(GSA)与最大似然方法,提出了一种GSA-ML方法。将最大似然函数作为GSA算法的适应度函数,在遵循ML方法的主体思想同时,利用GSA算法运算量低和收敛速度快的优点,成功地找到似然函数的全局最优解;并保存了ML方法的优点。仿真结果表明,GSAML方法不仅能有效估计相干信号源;并且相比MUSIC、ESPRIT和TLS-ESPRIT算法,拥有更高的精度和估计成功概率。     

MIMO系统中基于训练序列的半盲估计

在无线的MIMO(Multiple-input Multiple-output)通信系统中,应用半盲信道估计能提高系统带宽效率,降低计算复杂度.本文在分析比较了频率选择性MIMO信道下,基于训练序列的确定性最大似然估计和高斯最大似然估计两种半盲估计算法的基础上,给出了两种算法的Cramer-Rao Bound(CRB),得出了仿真结果,并将其与相应的CRB进行了比较.     

二种同时估计信源位置和信号发射时间的TOA算法

提出了当接收端在空间随机分布时同时估计信源位置和信号发射时间的二种TOA算法。方法一为用一新变量代替定位估计中的二次项，把非线性估计转化为二步最大似然（ML）线性估计；方法二通过消去二次项，而只需一步最大似然估计。二种算法结构简单，计算量不大，具有较高的精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.