电子束辐照对LLDPE、EVA及其共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响

本文研究了电子束辐照剂量对线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）及其共混物凝肢含量和力掌性能的影响。研究结果表明，LLDPE、EVA及其共混物的凝胶含量随着辐照剂量的增加而逐步增大：电子束辐照剂量和EVA的含量均影响着LLDPE／EVA共混物的凝肢含量。LLDPE、EVA及其共混物的断裂伸长率均是随着辐照剂量的增加而下降：EVA的质量百分含量低于30％时。共聚物的拉伸强度随着辐照剂量的增加而升高，随后又下降：EVA的质量百分含量在30％-50％时，共混物的拉伸强度随着辐照剂量的增加（0-200kGy）却一直缓慢的增大。     

用溶液聚合法合成高相对分子质量的原油降凝剂

在低压下以异丁醇为溶剂,采用溶液聚合法合成了平均相对分子质量较高的原油降凝剂乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),探讨了合成条件对降凝剂EVA产量和性质的影响。实验结果表明,反应体系的压力从4MPa增加到11MPa时,EVA的产量从3.88g增加到11.6g,醋酸乙烯酯(VA)链节含量从25.2%下降到16.34%,平均相对分子质量从0.38×104增加到1.37×104;引发剂用量从0.05g增加到0.25g时,EVA的产量从6.0g增加到13.3g,VA链节含量保持在23.5%左右不变,平均相对分子质量从0.34×104增加到1.72×104。醋酸乙烯酯用量从9.5g增加到27.0g时,EVA的产量从4.79g增加到10.35g,VA链节含量从8.81%上升到22.2%,平均相对分子质量从0.63×104增加到1.51×104;反应体系的温度从333.5K上升到373.5K时,EVA的产量从14.33g下降到5.14g,平均相对分子质量从1.39×104减小到0.53×104,EVA分子结构中VA链节含量从16.8%上升到35.3%,总支化度从25.0CH3/(1000C)升高到72.9CH3/(1000C);反应体系的溶剂选用良溶剂时,EVA的平均相对分子质量较低,反应体系的溶剂选用非良溶剂时,EVA的平均相对分子质量较高。当苯作为溶剂时,得到的EVA的平均相对分子质量为4951;当异丙醇为溶剂时,EVA的平均相对分子质量为1.32×104。     

用溶液聚合法合成高相对分子质量的原油降凝剂

在低压下以异丁醇为溶剂,采用溶液聚合法合成了平均相对分子质量较高的原油降凝剂乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),探讨了合成条件对降凝剂EVA产量和性质的影响.实验结果表明,反应体系的压力从4 MPa增加到11 MPa时,EVA的产量从3.88 g增加到11.6 g,醋酸乙烯酯(VA)链节含量从25.2% 下降到16.34%,平均相对分子质量从0.38×104增加到1.37×104;引发剂用量从0.05 g增加到0.25 g时,EVA的产量从6.0 g增加到13.3 g,VA链节含量保持在23.5%左右不变,平均相对分子质量从0.34×104增加到1.72×104.醋酸乙烯酯用量从9.5 g增加到27.0 g时,EVA的产量从4.79 g增加到10.35 g,VA链节含量从8.81%上升到22.2%,平均相对分子质量从0.63×104增加到1.51×104;反应体系的温度从333.5 K上升到373.5 K时,EVA的产量从14.33 g下降到5.14 g,平均相对分子质量从1.39×104减小到0.53×104,EVA分子结构中VA链节含量从16.8% 上升到35.3%, 总支化度从25.0 CH3/(1?000C)升高到72.9CH3/(1?000C); 反应体系的溶剂选用良溶剂时,EVA的平均相对分子质量较低,反应体系的溶剂选用非良溶剂时,EVA的平均相对分子质量较高.当苯作为溶剂时,得到的EVA的平均相对分子质量为4?951;当异丙醇为溶剂时,EVA的平均相对分子质量为1.32×104.     

4-丙烯酰氧基-1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶醇酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶液光共聚合的竞聚率和序列分布研究

在紫外光辐照下，采用溶液聚合获得了4-丙烯酰氧基．1，2，2，6，6-五甲基哌啶醇酯（APMP）（M1）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）（M2）的共聚物，用’H-NMR测定了单体摩尔比分别为10／90，30／70，50／50，70／30，90／10时的聚合物结构。采用Mayo—Lewis积分法获得体系的竞聚率为0．32〈^〈0．58，0．10〈r2〈0．30；采用扩展Kelen-Ttidos方法计算的竞聚为r1=0．40和r2=0．19。结果表明，APMP与MMA溶液光共聚体系为非理想共聚体系，并且在投料比^=0．62时有一恒分点。根据竞聚率结果获得了APMP与MMA的共聚物主链结构的序列长度分布：f1=0．1时，单个APMP被MMA单元体均匀地隔开;f2=0．5时，APMP和MMA单元体在共聚物主链上的序列分布交替性比较明显。f1=0．7时，MMA主要以单个单元体分布在APMP主链中。     

烷基取代的聚噻吩——结构与性质关系

ＤＳＣ数据表明，烷基取代的聚噻吩的吸热转化温度随取代烷基中碳原子数的增加而降低，聚（３－烷基噻吩）（Ｐ１ＡＴＳ）及其与乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的共混物的ＵＶ吸收与烷基侧链长度，浓度及温度有关。层奖结构的形成脑矣合物主链的棒－线转化是产生“热色显示”及“溶剂化显色”原因。     

~（13）C－NMR研究乙烯醇－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物序列结构

１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ方法对８种不同的国产乙烯醇－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物序列结构作了观测和表征．指出这一直接由ＰＶＡｃ（醋酸乙烯酯）皂化生成的共聚物均具有嵌段物性，并观测到它们与聚合度之间的关系．根据这些结果讨论了沿ＰＶＡｃ链皂化机制     

醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚合过程及微观结构研究

以醋酸乙烯酯（VAc）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为原料,用半连续加料法合成共聚物。研究VAc/BA共聚合的3个阶段（种子预聚合阶段、单体滴加阶段和保温熟化阶段）所得共聚物组成和微观序列结构的变化规律,采用FT-IR、¹³C-NMR、DSC表征聚合物的结构和玻璃化转变温度（T_g）,分析聚合物共聚组成和序列结构随反应阶段的变化,采用1级Markov模型分析共聚物的序列结构分布。研究结果表明,半连续加料法制备的VAc/BA共聚物组成与序列结构在不同反应阶段存在明显变化。在预聚合阶段,单体浓度处于充溢态,聚合物中含有富BA单元的链段和富VAc单元的链段;反应进入单体滴加阶段,单体浓度处于饥饿态,生成共聚组成接近于加料比的均匀共聚物, VAc的数均序列长度（l_a）与BA的数均序列长度（l_b）均较小。     

[Bmim]BF4离子液体中丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成及序列结构

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐（[Bmim]BR）作为溶剂，采用丙烯腈（AN）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）作为单体，偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）作为引发荆进行自由基共聚反应．利用^13C—NMR谱分析了共聚物中各三单元序列组的摩尔分数与单体投料摩尔分数的关系．通过计算得到的三单元序列摩尔分数推算得两单体的竞聚率为rA=0．33，rM=0．89．同时发现，[Bmim]BF4中AN和MA的链增长过程与Bernoulli模型有较大偏离，说明AN和MA在离子液体中的聚合过程中，增长链邻位上的链节对端基的选择性有较大影响，聚合物的各序列增长与反应时阀、单体摩尔分数及单体转化率有较大关系，并计算了受邻位链节影响的丙烯腈及丙烯酸甲酯的竞聚率：rMM=0．73，rAM=1．79，rAA=0．27，rMA=0．64．     

稀土催化丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚合的研究

研究了丁二烯（BD）和异戊二烯（IP）在Nd（vers）3-Al（i—Bu）2H—Al（i—Bu）2Cl催化体系下的共聚合,催化剂用量、Al（i—Bu）2H／Nd（vers）3（简称Al／Nd）、Al（i—Bu）2Cl／Nd（vers）。（简称Cl／Nd）对聚合都有很大影响。经IR和^1H—NMR分析表明,共聚物中丁二烯和异戊二烯的链节都是以顺-1,4结构为主,含量均大于98％。共聚物中两种链节的含量与单体配料比接近,随单体组成中异戊二烯含量的增加,分子量逐渐增大,分布逐渐变窄.     

^13C—NMR研究乙烯醇—醋酸乙烯酯共聚物序列结构

＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ方法对８种不同的国产乙烯醇－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物序列结构作了观测和表征，指出这一直接由ＰＶＡｃ（醋酸乙烯酯）皂化生成的共聚物均具有嵌段物性，并观测到它们与聚合度之间的关系，根据这些结果讨论了沿ＰＶＡｃ链皂化机制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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