蓝萼香茶菜随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)反应体系优化

试验以香茶菜属植物的蓝萼香茶菜 [Isodon japonica (Burm.f.) Hara var.glaucocalyx (Maxim.) ]为材料 ,采用改进的 CTAB法提取基因组 DNA,首次建立适合于蓝萼香茶菜的 RAPD(Random amplifiedpolymorphic NDA,随机扩增的多态性 )分析的 PCR反应体系。通过对 RAPD条件优化分析 ,确定蓝萼香茶菜RAPD的最佳方案为 :2 5μl反应体系中包括三磷酸脱氧核苷酸 (d NTPs) 0 .1mm ol/ L ,引物 0 .4μmol/ L ,模板DNA90 ng,Taq酶 (Sangon) 3u,2 .5 μl10×buffer缓冲液 (含 2 0 m mol/ L Mg2 + ) ,其余部分用无菌超纯水补平 ;PCR扩增循环为 93℃预变性 4 min,93℃变性 4 5 s,36℃复性 75 s,72℃延伸 2 min,4 0个循环 ,最后 72℃延伸 10 min。     

正交设计优化太子参ISSR-PCR反应体系

利用正交设计实验对影响太子参ISSR-PCR扩增的重要因素(d NTPs、引物、Taq酶、模板DNA浓度)进行优化,以建立太子参ISSR-PCR的优化反应的最佳体系,25μL反应体系中包含d NTPs300μmol/L,引物500nmol/L,Taq酶1U及模板DNA 50ng.适宜的扩增程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性40s,46℃退火45s,72℃延伸2min,41次循环;最后于72℃延伸7min,4℃进行保存.该正交体系的建立,将为太子参种质资源鉴定及遗传多样性的研究提供技术支持.     

干用辣椒RAPD—PCR反应体系正交优化的研究

以干用辣椒幼苗为材料,研究了干用辣椒RAPD分析过程中的Taq酶、Mg^2＋,dNTPs、引物、模板DNA浓度、退火温度等影响因素,建立适合干用辣椒RAPD反应的PCR体系,即25μL反应体系中含有解体Taq酶1．5U、Mg^2＋2．5mmol／L,dNTPs0．6mmol／L、引物0．8μmol／L、模板DNA60ng．扩增程序为：94℃预变性4min;94℃变性1min,37℃退火1min,72％延伸1．5min,40个循环;最后72℃副延伸5min．     

均匀设计优化黑木相思ISSR-PCR体系

采用均匀设计,对影响黑木相思ISSR-PCR体系的引物、Mg2 、dNTP、Taq DNA聚合酶和模板DNA浓度等进行5因素5水平和5因素3水平两轮优化,建立了适合于黑木相思ISSR-PCR的体系:在20μL反应体系中,含引物0.30μmol.L-1,Mg2 3.00 mmol.L-1,dNTP 0.15 mmol.L-1,Taq DNA聚合酶0.75U,模板DNA 2.00 ng.μL-1.在此基础上对扩增程序中的循环次数、退火温度、退火时间进行筛选,获得的扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;接着进行33个循环:94℃变性35 s,52~61.5℃退火52 s,72℃延伸90 s;循环结束后,72℃延伸10 min.同时筛选得到10个扩增稳定、多态性丰富的ISSR引物.     

椭圆食粉螨ISSR-PCR反应体系正交优化试验设计

以椭圆食粉螨基因组DNA为模板,采用正交试验设计方法,建立椭圆食粉螨的ISSR最佳反应体系.优化得到的反应体系为:Mg2 浓度1.0 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1.0 U、dNTPs浓度0.2 μmol/L、引物浓度0.3 μmol/L、模版DNA量40 ng.反应程序为:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性1 min,48℃、50℃、52 ℃(不同引物退火温度各异)复性1 min,72 ℃延伸1.5 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min;4 ℃保存.通过梯度退火试验,确定不同引物的最适退火温度.     

三角梅ISSR反应体系的建立和优化

对影响三角梅ISSR-PCR扩增反应的各个参数进行优化,建立适合三角梅的ISSR反应体系:PCR反应体积为20μL,其中10×buffer(含Mg2+)2.0μL,dNTP250μmol/L,Taq酶1.0U,引物0.3μmol/L,模板DNA20ng。扩增程序为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,51.6℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,34个循环;最后72℃延伸7min。该反应体系标记点位清晰、稳定、重复性好,适宜三角梅ISSR分析,为应用ISSR技术鉴定三角梅种质资源、分子标记辅助选择育种及其遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。     

RAPD法研究穗花杉遗传多样性的反应条件优化

以改进CTAB法抽提的中国特有濒危植物穗花杉嫩叶总DNA为模板,进行随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)最佳条件优化,结果表明:RAPD分析最佳反应体系为10×Buffer缓冲液2μL,模板70ng,Mg2+2.0mmol/L,dNTPs0.2mmol/L,引物0.60μmol/L,Taq酶1.5U,PCR反应体积为20μL.最佳扩增程序为94℃5min,1个循环;94℃1min、37℃1min、72℃2min,40个循环;72℃10min,1个循环.     

爱玉ISSR反应体系的建立与优化

通过单因子试验和正交设计,对影响爱玉ISSR-PCR扩增效果的因素,如模板DNA用量、Taq酶用量、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、延伸时间和循环次数等指标进行优化.实验确立了可用于爱玉ISSR-PCR分析最适宜的反应体系：20 μL反应体积中含1 ng模板DNA、1.0 U Taq酶、0.4 μmol/L引物和0.18 mmol/L dNTPs;PCR扩增程序为94 ℃预变性4 min;94 ℃变性45 s,53 ℃退火45 s,72 ℃延伸2.5 min,共35个循环;72 ℃延伸7min,4 ℃保存.应用该体系对14份爱玉种质进行扩增,证实了该体系的适用性和稳定性.     

华山松ISSR反应体系的优化

为获得条带清晰、稳定和多态性高的华山松ISSR扩增结果,对引物、Mg~(2+)浓度和退火温度等因素进行了优化.确定了ISSR分析的最佳PCR条件:15μL反应体系中,10×PCR buffer反应缓冲液1.5μL,模板DNA 22.5 ng,Mg~(2+)2.2 mmol/L,d NTPs 0.23 mmol/L,引物0.93μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶0.027 U/μL.PCR反应程序为:经94℃预变性4min后,经过94℃变性30 s,Tm-4.8℃退火30 s,72℃延伸108 s共33个循环;循环结束后72℃延伸10 min.从44条ISSR引物中筛选出12条扩增稳定、多态性丰富的ISSR引物.对华山松ISSR实验优化体系的建立,为今后利用ISSR分子标记技术开展华山松种间遗传变异分析和构建遗传图谱等研究奠定了基础.     

新疆杏品种自交不亲和S-RNase基因PCR扩增体系的优化

以3个新疆杏品种的叶片为试材,以其叶片基因组DNA为模板,分别对PCR扩增体系中的10×Buffer(含Mg2+)、dNTP、上下游引物、TaqDNA聚合酶和退火温度5个因素设计6个梯度,研究了新疆杏品种自交不亲和S-RNase基因PCR扩增条件,建立其优化的PCR扩增体系。研究结果表明:其扩增程序为94℃预变性5min,94℃变性45s,52℃退火45s,72℃延伸2min,35个循环后72℃延伸10min,25μL反应体系10×Buffer(含Mg2+)2.5μL,dNTP0.08mmol/L,上下引物0.16μmol/L,DNA80ng,DNA聚合酶1μL,此为最优的反应体系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that