具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

用于高速网络安全协处理器的抗功耗攻击AES算法引擎设计

为提高密码算法芯片抵抗侧信道攻击,尤其是功耗攻击技术的能力,针对一款用于高速网络安全协处理器中的AES(高级加密标准)算法引擎,采用了软件级数据掩模方法进行了抗功耗攻击的电路设计。该设计中的AES算法引擎的原始模块是一种加解密共用S-box的结构,采用2种完全不同的方法实现了抗功耗攻击电路:一种采用SRAM(static random access memory)方式来实现数据掩盖,另一种基于硬件复制方式。通过产生随机功耗或虚假功耗以掩盖实际功耗与加解密数据运算之间的关系。使用功耗仿真软件PrimePower进行仿真的结果表明,未加保护的电路在1 000条功耗曲线内就可以被攻破,采用了本设计的电路可以抵抗10 000条以上的功耗曲线,可见AES算法引擎的安全性有显著的提高。经FPGA(field programmable gate array)验证,证明本文提出的2种设计均是可行的。     

Switched-mode AGC circuits with internally created reset module for burst-mode unbalanced data optical receiver

This paper presents an innovative switched-mode auto gain control (AGC) circuit with internally created reset module for DC-10Mb/s burst-mode unbalanced (BMU) optical data transmission.Conventional AGC circuit is inappropriate for BMU data transmission because it is based on average level detection and requires considerable time to settle on a predefined gain.Therefore,we adopt a fast switched-mode AGC based on peak level detection.After the gain is adjusted,the peak level detectors need to re-detect the peak level of the input signal.Thus,we develop an internally created reset module.This AGC with reset module exhibits a fast operation and achieves an adjusted stable gain within one-bit,avoiding any bit loss up to 10Mb/s data rate.During power-up,the peak level detectors possibly hold an uncertain level resulting in the bit-errors.We propose a power-up reset circuit to solve this problem.Designed in a 0.5 μm CMOS technology,the circuit achieves an optical sensitivity of better than - 30dBm and a wide dynamic range of over 30dB with a power dissipation of only 30 mW from a 5V supply.     

基于PSPICE的光接收机电路设计与仿真

文章基于PSPICE通用软件,设计了一个由金属-半导体-金属Schottky势垒光探测器(MSM-PD)组成的GaAs光接收机电路,并对其进行了电路级仿真,仿真结果显示达到了设计目的。     

软开关的单开关三相功率因数校正整流器的研究

提出了一种零电流开关结构的单开关管的三相升压功率因数校正整流器 .软开关动作可用低功率的辅助电路来实现 .文中分析了ZCT电路的工作原理 ,给出了电路设计的准则 ,并对一个1kW、50kHz的整流器进行了仿真 .结果显示总谐波失真小于 9% .     

A low-cost compact AES architecture for wireless sensor network

The implementation of small size cryptography algorithm is a critical problem for wireless sensor network. A low cost compact intellectual property (IP) core of the entire advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm for wireless sensor network is presented in this paper. A compact encryption and decryption system using only four sharing S-Boxes is obtained, employing sharing between the encryption and decryption processes. Our design proposes use of composite field data path for the SubBytes and InvSubBytes transformations. With an implementation of the AES block cipher with Virtex Ⅱ Pro FPGA using 0.13μm and 90nm process technology, our area optimized consumes 16.8k equivalent gates. The speed of this implementation is also reduced to 0.45Gbits/s. Compared with previous implementations, our design achieves significant low-cost area with acceptable throughput.     

电力系统故障时静止无功发生器的运行分析

静止无功发生器 (ASVG)在电力系统投运之后 ,为了协调装置自身安全及其对系统贡献二者之间的关系 ,必须深入研究系统在故障情况下对 ASVG的影响。用对称分量法给出了电力系统故障期间 ASVG的等效电路。对电路中的主要参数进行了分析。在理论分析的基础上 ,指出了在对称调制方式下 ,通过控制器可以调节流过装置的正序电流以及直流侧电容电压的直流分量 ,而流过装置的负序和零序电流以及直流侧电压的交流分量和装置主电路的参数及其变压器与系统的连接方式有关。     

Low-Power CMOS VCO with Dual-Band Local Oscillating Signal Outputs for 5/2. 5-GHz WLAN Transceivers

The paper describes a novel low-power CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with dual-band local oscillating (LO) signal outputs for 5/2. 5-GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers. The VCO is based on an on-chip symmetrical spiral inductor and a differential varactor. The 2. 5-GHz quadrature LO signals are generated using the injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) technique. The ILFD structure is similar to the VCO structure with its wide tracking range. The design tool ASITIC was used to optimize all on-chip symmetrical inductors. The power consumption was kept low with differential LC tanks and the ILFD technique. The circuit was implemented in a 0.18-fim CMOS process. Hspice and SpectreRF simulations show the proposed circuit could generate low phase noise 5/2. 5-GHz dual band LO signals with a wide tuning range. The 2. 5-GHz LO signals are quadrature with almost no phase and amplitude errors. The circuit consumes less than 5. 3mW in the tuning range with a power supply voltage of 1     

一种用于脉冲超宽带接收机的0.18-μm CMOS工艺的高增益检波器

设计了一个用于非相干脉冲超宽带接收机的0.18-μm CMOS工艺的能量检波器.该检波器包含了输入匹配模块、平方电路、翻转电压跟随器-电流检测电路、跨导级以及输出缓冲器.平方电路运用饱和区晶体管的平方律特性对输入差分信号进行平方,所得到的输出电流由翻转电压跟随器-电流检测电路转换成电压.跨导级对该信号进行放大并积分得到所接受的能量.测试结果可以看出,当输入信号的峰峰值超过60mV时,在高达300 MHz的频率下检波增益可以达到10 dB.而最小检测幅度为13 mV,此时的检波增益为5 dB.在移除输出缓冲器之后,输出脉冲的幅度将增加一倍.不计及测试焊盘,芯片面积为0.23 mm×0.3 mm.电路由一个1.8 V的电源供电,核心电路电流为3.5 mA.该检波器已成功应用于开关键控方式的接收机以实现高速宽带通信.     

采用在系统可编程逻辑器件实现HDB3编解码

在系统可编程技术是通信专用集成电路设计的一种最新设计方法,它使得数字电路设计、生产良生革命性的变化。     

An asynchronous pipeline architecture for the low-power AES S-box

To obtain a low-power and compact implementation of the advanced encryption standard （AES） S- box, an asynchronous pipeline architecture over composite field arithmetic was proposed in this paper. In the presented S-box, some improvements were made as follows. （1） Level-sensitive latches were inserted in data path to block the propagation Of the dynamic hazards, which lowered the power of data path circuit. （2） Operations of latches were controlled by latch controllers based on presented asynchronous sequence element： LC-element, which utilized static asymmetric C-element to construct a simple and power-efficient circuit structure. （3） Implementation of the data path circuit was a semi-custom standard-cell circuit on 0.25μm complementary mental oxide semiconductor （CMOS） process; and the full-custom design methodology was adopted in the handshake circuit design. Experimental results show that the resulting circuit achieves nearly 46% improvement with moderate area penalty （ 11.7% ） compared with the related composite field S-box in power performance. The presented S-box circuit can be a hardware intelli-gent property （IP） embedded in the targeted systems such as wireless sensor networks （WSN）, smart-cards and radio frequency identification （RFID）.