石墨烯——银纳米复合材料的制备与分散性研究

通过改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨,以无毒、绿色的葡萄糖为还原剂,在没有稳定剂、温和的液相反应条件下,原位制备石墨烯—银纳米粒子复合材料.采用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱对所制备的石墨烯—银纳米复合材料进行了表征.结果表明:氧化石墨和银离子在反应过程中同时被葡萄糖还原.石墨烯—银纳米在DMF有机溶剂中的分散性优于氧化石墨烯.     

聚多巴胺-银纳米粒子修饰电极的制备及对氟他胺的电化学传感检测

利用聚合物原位化学还原法,制备了聚多巴胺(PDA)功能化银纳米粒子(AgNPs)复合材料修饰金电极(GE),并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所合成材料的形貌进行表征,通过电化学交流阻抗(EIS)及伏安法研究该修饰电极电化学性质及对氟他胺(FLT)的电催化性能.结果表明,该修饰电极对FLT的还原具有良好的电催化作用,可用于FLT的电化学传感检测,其对FLT的线性响应范围为1.6~70.0μmol·L~(-1),检测限为0.7μmol·L~(-1)(S/N=3),且具有良好的抗干扰性、重现性和稳定性.因此,PDA-AgNPs纳米复合材料在氟他胺传感检测方面具有很好的应用前景.     

AuNPs/PEI/GO纳米复合物修饰电极的制备及电化学应用

利用高分子聚合物壳聚糖链上富含的氨基修饰石墨烯,制备了具有独特性质的石墨烯基纳米复合材料,并利用壳聚糖对金纳米粒子良好的保护作用,使金纳米粒子固载到石墨烯纳米复合材料的表面,合成了一种具有生物相容性的金纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料.同时,利用UV-vis、FT-IR、Zeta电位仪、XRD粉末衍射仪、TEM等对所制备石墨烯基纳米复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,PEI/GO/GC,AuNPs/PEI/GO/GC修饰电极对H2O2具有更好的电化学催化性能.     

聚苯胺纳米纤维@还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

针对聚苯胺作为赝电容超级电容器电极材料时存在循环稳定性差的问题,设计利用还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷包裹聚苯胺纳米纤维.采用高沸点有机溶剂辅助冷冻干燥法制备了聚苯胺纳米纤维@还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及X-射线衍射等对该复合材料的形貌、组成和结构进行表征,并采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、电化学阻抗等方法对其电容性能进行研究.结果表明,利用高沸点有机溶剂辅助冷冻干燥法能够成功将聚苯胺纳米纤维包裹进氧化石墨烯纳米卷中,最终将氧化石墨烯还原后得到聚苯胺纳米纤维@还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷复合材料;该复合材料经过5 000次循环充放电后电容量保持率达到75%;当复合材料中的聚苯胺纳米纤维质量分数为67%时,该复合材料在2.2A/g的电流密度下,质量比电容达到639F/g,表现出优异的电容性能.     

石墨烯-贵金属纳米复合材料在小分子电分析及电催化中的应用

综述了近年来利用石墨烯和贵金属纳米复合材料对一些常见小分子的电分析及电催化应用的主要研究进展.包括利用石墨烯-贵金属纳米复合材料构建电化学生物传感器对葡萄糖、过氧化氢等生物小分子的电分析应用,以及利用石墨烯-贵金属纳米复合材料对甲醇、乙醇和甲酸等燃料小分子的电催化应用.最后展望了该类纳米复合材料在电分析和电催化领域的应用前景和研究方向.     

金纳米粒子与电化学还原氧化石墨烯复合材料修饰电极的制备及其电化学应用

利用金纳米粒子(Au NPs)和电化学还原氧化石墨烯(ERGO)制备了以玻碳电极(GCE)为基底电极的复合材料修饰电极Au NPs-ERGO/GCE.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、拉曼光谱、循环伏安(CV)法、计时电流法等方法对复合材料修饰电极进行了系统表征与分析.将所制备的复合材料修饰电极应用于葡萄糖的电化学分析研究.研究数据表明:所制备的Au NPs-ERGO/GCE电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化性能,有较宽的检测范围和较好的灵敏度,同时,对抗坏血酸(AA)、尿酸(UA)和氯离子(Cl~-)等共存的干扰物均有良好的抗干扰性能.     

TiO_2纳米片/石墨烯复合电极材料的制备及其超级电容器性能

以无定形TiO_2粉体为前驱体,利用水热反应制得TiO_2纳米片,后与氧化石墨复合并还原得到TiO_2纳米片/石墨烯(rGO)复合电极材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对其形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,TiO_2纳米片是由粒子聚集而成,在复合材料中,TiO_2纳米片进入到了石墨烯片层之间,增加了复合材料的比表面积。循环伏安(CV)、恒电流放电(CP)和循环寿命测试表明,TiO_2/rGO纳米复合电极材料在三电极体系中,电流密度为1A·g~(-1)时,比电容高达240.9 F·g~(-1)。2 000次循环后仍保持初始电容68%,表现出优秀的超级电容器电极材料性能。     

还原法制备银纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯的纳米复合物及其表征

基于聚乙烯亚胺高分子链上富含氨基这一特性,用绿色还原法制备了聚乙烯亚胺/石墨烯(PEI/GO)纳米复合材料,然后利用未反应的氨基对银离子的还原作用和银纳米粒子的保护作用,将银纳米粒子固载到PEI/GO纳米复合物表面,制备了AgNPs/PEI/GO复合物.研究了反应时间和银离子浓度对所制备的银纳米复合材料的影响,并利用红外光谱、紫外光谱、XRD、TEM等手段对所制备的AgNPs/PEI/GO复合物进行了表征.结果表明,PEI被成功地修饰到了GO表面,Ag+被还原并固载到了GO表面,且所制备的银纳米粒子具有良好的晶型结构及导电性质.     

纳米钯/石墨烯-辣根过氧化物酶修饰电极的制备与性能

以离子液体修饰碳糊电极(CILE)作为基底电极,将纳米钯-石墨烯(Pd-GR)复合材料和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)分层涂布在电极上后用Nafion膜固定,制备了修饰电极(Nafion/HRP/PdGR/CILE).光谱法证明HRP在膜中结构没有发生变化.循环伏安扫描出现一对峰形良好的电化学氧化还原峰,表明HRP与电极之间的直接电子转移得以实现,Pd-GR复合材料的高导电性有利于加快电子传递速率.该HRP修饰电极对三氯乙酸的电催化还原有较好的效果.     

电化学还原石墨烯用于水合肼的电催化氧化及检测

采用电化学还原技术制备了还原石墨烯.采用扫描电镜、Raman光谱、AFM等技术表征了石墨烯的形貌和结构特征.采用电化学测试技术研究了还原石墨烯修饰电极的电化学性能及对水合肼(N_2H_4·H_2O)的电催化氧化活性.结果表明,该石墨烯电极材料具有优异的电子传导性能.与裸玻碳电极相比,石墨烯修饰电极对水合肼表现出优异的电催化氧化活性.在最佳的实验条件下,将该石墨烯修饰电极用于水合肼的灵敏检测.在1×10~(-5)~1×10~(-4) mol/L范围内,氧化峰电流与水合肼的浓度呈良好的线性关系.该石墨烯修饰电极材料有望用于环境中水合肼等有机小分子的灵敏检测.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that