负载型钯催化剂用于氯代芳烃Suzuki交叉偶联反应的研究进展

Suzuki交叉偶联反应是一类典型的形成碳-碳单键的反应,是以金属钯(Pd)为催化剂,卤代芳烃与有机硼酸化合物进行的交叉偶联反应.相对于传统仅用价廉易得的氯代芳烃化合物为反应原料的Suzuki交叉偶联反应,负载型Pd催化剂有着催化高效、分离简便、可重复使用等优点.简述了不同载体负载的Pd催化剂对于氯代芳烃的Suzuki交叉偶联反应的研究进展.     

Suzuki偶联反应催化剂及其作用机理研究进展

Suzuki偶联反应,是指在温和条件下,卤代苯与苯硼酸类化合物经钯催化剂作用发生交叉偶联,生成新C-C键的反应,其在药物研发与合成中具有重要的应用.钯基催化剂是Suzuki偶联反应的关键,开发低成本、新型高活性催化剂并探究其作用机理对于该反应的广泛应用具有重要意义.通过对钯基催化剂种类、应用范围及其可能的催化机理相关研究进行的分析,可为设计新型Suzuki偶联反应的钯基纳米催化剂提供有效信息.     

铜催化二羟基乙酸、 胺和炔三组分脱羧偶联反应的机理

用密度泛函方法, 研究铜催化二羟基乙酸、 胺和炔三组分脱羧偶联反应的机理. 通过计算实验提出的反应机理, 给出并计算新的反应机理： 二羟基乙酸与胺原位生成的亚胺盐, 先配位到催化剂的铜中心发生脱羧反应, 再进行端炔配位和插入、 质子化、 亲核加成、 配体交换等步骤. 理论计算结果表明, 该机理的决速步骤为端炔插入, 反应能垒为129.8 kJ/mol, 与实验反应温度为110 ℃的结果一致.     

Pd/SBA-15催化剂的制备及交叉偶联反应研究

通过两步法制备了一种钯负载的介孔SBA-15催化剂(Pd/SBA-15),并将其应用于Suzuki反应,研究其催化交叉偶联反应性能.结果发现Pd/SBA-15催化剂对该反应具有良好的催化效果,催化循环实验表明其结构稳定、易于回收,有较好的应用前景.     

一价金上发生的卤代芳烃的氧化加成、转金属化以及还原消除反应

正过渡金属催化芳基卤化物的交叉偶联反应是合成化学中的一大研究热点。过渡金属钯是最常用的芳基卤化物的交叉偶联反应催化剂。在该类反应中,金试剂常用做转金属试剂参与反应。而单独用Au来代替Pd催化的双芳基偶联反应的研究却鲜有报道[1-2]。这主要是由于AuI/AuIII(1.41V)的氧化还原电位相对于Pd0/PdII(0.92V)较高而很难发生氧化加成过程导致的[3]。然而,Au具有独特     

咪唑-钯配合物的合成及水相Suzuki交联反应

咪唑离子液体与乙酸钯反应生成的咪唑-钯配合物可高效催化水相溴代芳烃和氯代芳烃Suzuki交联反应。在0.02%(摩尔比)催化剂用量,80℃反应4h,溴苯的催化反应产物收率可达97%。循环催化试验表明:该催化剂循环使用5次仍有较高的催化效果。     

经二环[1.1.0]丁基硼酸络合物的钯催化环丁烷衍生物合成反应的机理

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对经由二环[1.1.0]丁基硼酸络合物的钯催化环丁烷衍生物合成反应进行了机理研究.计算结果表明反应经历原位的二环[1.1.0]丁基硼酸络合物形成,钯催化三氟甲磺酸酯氧化加成,协同的碳碳键断裂/钯碳键形成,烷基迁移和碳碳键还原消除等步骤.其中烷基迁移为反应的立体选择性决定步,迁移的烷基和二环[1.1.0]丁基中的亚甲基排斥作用对反应立体选择性有重要影响.减小硼酯或发生迁移的烷基位阻不能明显改变反应的立体选择性.与之相比,在二环[1.1.0]丁基的亚甲基上引入大位阻取代基可以转换立体选择性.上述结果对后续发展环丁烷衍生物合成、特别是在立体选择性调控方面可以产生启发作用.     

纯水介质中Suzuki偶联反应的最新研究进展

Suzuki偶联反应是构筑联芳烃类化合物的重要方法之一.主要对最近几年报道的在纯水介质中完成的Suzuki偶联反应,包括应用新催化体系、微波促进以及其他非传统方法下进行的Suzuki偶联反应作一综述.     

活性炭固载钯催化剂的制备及催化Ullmann反应的研究

采用双氧水改性活性炭,增加表面酚羟基的含量,并与硅烷偶联剂[(CH3O)3Si(CH2)3NH(CH2)2NH2]反应,引入双胺基官能团,络合氯化钯,制备了活性炭固载钯催化剂;同时采用Bohem滴定、元素分析(EA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)以及多晶X射线衍射(XRD)对制备的催化剂进行了表征,并研究了它对卤代芳烃Ullmann反应的催化性能.实验结果表明:催化剂中钯键载在载体上,钯在载体表面分布均匀,粒径在4 nm左右;该催化剂能够较好地催化卤代芳烃的Ullmann反应,具有较好的重复使用性能,4-碘苯甲醚反应的产率是90.5%,溴代芳烃偶联反应的最高收率为73.6%,氯代芳烃的最高收率为41.4%.催化剂AC-NH(CH2)2NH2-Pd重复使用7次后,溴苯偶联产物的收率为35.9%.     

氮杂石墨烯负载钯的制备及其在Suzuki偶联反应中的应用

以廉价的尿素和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,在水热处理下得到氮杂石墨烯(NRGO).再利用液相氢气还原法,在氮杂石墨烯表面负载纳米钯颗粒,制得氮杂石墨烯负载的钯催化剂(Pd/NRGO).将其应用到Suzuki碳碳偶联反应中,表现出明显优于普通活性炭负载的Pd催化剂的催化活性.催化剂用量为0.023%Pd,温度为80℃,反应0.5 h,溴苯转化率在99%以上.催化剂稳定性好,甚至还能催化难度更大的氯苯转化.1     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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