利用溶剂DMF处理聚合物太阳能电池的PEDOT:PSS阳极缓冲层提高能量转换效率

通过有机溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)处理P3HT:PCBM聚合物太阳能电池的PEDOT:PSS阳极缓冲层,能量转换效率得到了很大程度提高.DMF处理PEDOT:PSS阳极缓冲层主要有以下两种方式:①DMF 1∶4(v/v)混合原始的PEDOT:PSS溶液;②直接旋涂DMF在PEDOT:PSS阳极缓冲层上.其中后者的效果最为显著,器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al的电池通过直接旋涂DMF(3 000rpm)处理PEDOT:PSS阳极缓冲层后,电池效率由3.16%提高到4.27%,提高幅度为35%.为了探究电池能量转换效率提高的机理,我们测试表征了电池在光照和暗态下的I-V特性曲线及外量子效率(IPCE)光谱,PEDOT:PSS薄膜的透光性、导电性及表面形貌,光活性层P3HT:PCBM的紫外可见光吸收及表面形貌.一系列结果表明PEDOT:PSS薄膜的导电性增强及表面形貌变化有利于空穴的抽取和收集,P3HT:PCBM薄膜的表面形貌变化有利于活性层光吸收的增强和电子的收集.     

基于喷涂工艺的反向聚合物太阳电池的制备

本文采用喷涂工艺制备了结构为Glass or PET/ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/VOX/Ag的刚性或柔性反向聚合物太阳电池,其效率可与正向电池相媲美。首先将TIPD喷涂在ITO基底上作为电子传输层,然后依次喷涂P3HT:PCBM溶液和氧化钒前驱体溶液(VO)X,最后蒸镀150 nm的银作为阳极。结果表明:在一定厚度范围内,器件效率对厚度不敏感,易于大面积工艺制备;VOX层可以显著提高器件效率,然而过厚将会导致器件短路电流急剧下降。通过优化喷涂参数和热退火处理,获得了1.7%的器件效率。     

基于喷涂工艺的反向聚合物太阳电池的制备

本文采用喷涂工艺制备了结构为Glass or PET/ITO/ZnO/P3HT∶PCBM/VOX/Ag的刚性或柔性反向聚合物太阳电池,其效率可与正向电池相媲美.首先将TIPD喷涂在ITO基底上作为电子传输层,然后依次喷涂P3HT∶PCBM溶液和氧化钒前驱体溶液(VOx),最后蒸镀150 nm的银作为阳极.结果表明:在一定厚度范围内,器件效率对厚度不敏感,易于大面积工艺制备;VOx层可以显著提高器件效率,然而过厚将会导致器件短路电流急剧下降.通过优化喷涂参数和热退火处理,获得了1.7％的器件效率.     

图案化聚合物电极及其在有机太阳能电池中应用

为了提高聚合物载流子迁移率,本文对图案化聚合物聚3,4-乙撑噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT∶PSS)作为半导体聚合物的基底对载流子迁移率的影响进行研究.以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为模板,利用基于毛细力原理的软压印技术,使硬度系数很高的聚合物PEDOT∶PSS形成图案化结构.此压印方法可形成大面积高保真的图案,且适合工业化生产.阐述了图案化PEDOT∶PSS可增加与活性层的接触面积,从而缩短聚合物载流子的迁移路径,有效地提高了聚合物载流子的迁移率.同时图案化结构散射入射光进入活性层,促进活性层光的吸收,从而提高了光电流.最后,本文将图案化PEDOT∶PSS作为电极应用到有机太阳能电池聚3-已基噻吩与富勒烯衍生物(P3HT∶PCBM)共混体系中,对其研究发现图案化后的PEDOT∶PSS能有效地提高了太阳能电池P3HT∶PCBM共混体系的能量转换效率.     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.     

退火处理对体异质结有机太阳能电池性能的影响

制备了结构为:ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT+PCBM/LiF/Al的有机太阳能电池,研究退火对电池性能的影响,实验发现:经过60 min 150℃退火处理后,器件开路电压(Vo)c为0.57 V,短路电流密度(Js)c达到6.32 mA.cm-2,填充因子(FF)达到0.55,光电转换效率(ηp)达到2.01%,器件性能明显提高。探讨了退火对电池性能影响的内在原因。     

活性层薄膜结构对有机光伏器件性能的影响

用P3HT作为电子给体,PCBM作为电子受体,制备了分层(单异质结)和共混(体异质结)2种不同结构的太阳电池,对其光电特性进行了表征,分析比较了不同结构对器件性能影响的物理机制.结果表明:所制备器件的开路电压分别为0.521 V和0.581 V,能量转换效率分别为0.67%、1.98%,体异质结结构可有效地改善太阳电池的输出特性.     

基于非富勒烯受体IEICO-4F的倍增型有机光电探测器

以非富勒烯材料O-IDTBR和IEICO-4F为电子受体,采用溶液法制备结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:O-IDTBR/Al和ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:IEICO-4F/Al的2种倍增型有机光电探测器.IEICO-4F器件在波长400 nm和790 nm处的最高外量子效率(EQE)分别达7220...     

基于杂原子三角烯和咔唑星形树枝状化合物的光限幅和光伏特性研究

采用z-扫描测试技术研究两代树枝状化合物(G1和G2)的光限幅特性.结果表明,G1的光限幅效应比G2好,是一种有应用前景的光限幅材料.用真空沉积和溶液旋转涂膜的方法,制备了结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/G1/PCBM/LiF/Al和ITO/PEDOT:PSS/G2:PCBM(1%)/LiF/Al的有机异质结光伏器件.在100 mW/cm2光强照射下,G1和G2具有相近的光伏性质,相应的能量转化效率为0.012%.     

绕丹宁修饰富勒烯作为新型聚合物太阳能电池受体光伏材料增强光吸收(英文)

首次将染料分子3-乙基绕丹宁连接到[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PCBM)上,合成了具有增强光吸收性能的新型富勒烯受体光伏材料PCBRh.通过1 H NMR,13 C NMR和质谱分析确定了PCBRh的结构,紫外-可见吸收光谱测试表明所合成的PCBRh在300~600nm比起PCBM具有更强的光吸收,这归因于3-乙基绕丹宁高的吸光系数.电化学测试表明PCBRh的最低未占轨道(LUMO)能级比PCBM高0.1eV,这是由绕丹宁基团的给电子作用引起的.将PCBRh作为受体光伏材料与聚己基噻吩(P3HT)共混构建出体相异质结太阳能电池,在优化的制备工艺(P3HT/PCBRh=1:1(质量比),135℃热处理10min)下,电池器件的能量转换效率为1.46%.通过AFM表征研究退火处理对光活性层的形貌的影响及其与电池器件效率的联系:与参比P3HT:PCBM共混薄膜相比,退火处理使P3HT:PCBRh薄膜中的P3HT聚集成长度约为20nm的长条,并且粗糙度较大,因此不利于激子的扩散与分离.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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