2种蛋白酶对鲢鱼蛋白质的酶解作用

为了利用蛋白酶水解低值鱼或鱼加工下脚料生产水解鱼蛋白质,以鲢鱼蛋白质为原料对比研究了原料前处理、底物浓度、酶解时间、产物抑制浓度等对碱性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶水解鱼蛋白质的影响,并研究了用2种蛋白酶分阶段水解鱼蛋白质的工艺.结果表明,碱性蛋白酶水解鲢鱼蛋白质在pH 8.0时的适宜条件为:温度45 ℃,酶解时间20 min,蛋白质质量分数低于6%,产物氨基态氮质量浓度低于2.55 g/L;复合蛋白酶在pH 6.5时的最适水解条件为:温度50 ℃,酶解时间20 min,蛋白质质量分数小于6%,产物氨基态氮质量浓度小于2.25 g/L;用2种蛋白酶分段水解鲢鱼蛋白质可大大提高水解产物的氨基态氮含量,增加水解产物的得率.     

猪鼻软骨硫酸软骨素双酶法提取工艺研究

以猪鼻软骨为原料,用双酶法提取硫酸软骨素。用酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、2号酶、脂肪酶分别与胰酶组合提取硫酸软骨素,分析不同种类酶对硫酸软骨素提取的影响。通过正交试验得到的最佳提取工艺为：料液比1：1.5,第1类酶使用碱性蛋白酶,用量为2.5%,第2类酶（胰酶）用量为1.2%,成品收率达到16.740%。     

紫贻贝多糖酶法制备工艺研究

用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶分别提取紫贻贝粗多糖,以及木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合酶提紫贻贝粗多糖,木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶复合酶提紫贻贝粗多糖。并分析研究加酶量、料液比、pH和温度对紫贻贝提取率的影响。结果显示:木瓜蛋白酶最佳加酶量1%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为7,温度为60℃。提取率为6.65%。中性蛋白酶最佳为加酶量2%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为7,温度为50℃,提取率为5.52%。碱性蛋白酶最佳加酶量为2%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为10,温度为50℃,提取率为6.89%。木瓜蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶两步联合酶提取最佳提取条件为加酶量1%,料液比1:20 g/m L,pH为7,温度为50℃,此条件下提取率为6.86%。木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶两步联合酶提最佳提取条件为加酶量1%,料液比1:20 g/m L,木瓜蛋白酶缓冲液pH为7,碱性蛋白酶缓冲液pH为10,温度为50℃,此条件下提取率为7.27%。     

乳清蛋白肽的酶法制备、分离纯化及活性评价

以抗氧化活性及蛋白质回收率为筛选指标对乳清蛋白肽酶解工艺进行优化,用层析柱对酶解液进行逐级分离纯化,并对其分子质量进行检测.研究结果表明:利用胰酶、复合风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶酶解制备乳清蛋白肽,最佳用酶为碱性蛋白酶、最适底物含量为4.0%、最适加酶量为8000U/g、最佳酶解时间为4h;酶解液经DEAE-52纤维素层析后得到的A组分抗氧化活性最好,其还原力为0.320 0±0.004 1,DPPH自由基清除率为6.58%±0.36%;A组分再经Sephadex G-15葡聚糖凝胶层析柱分离纯化后得到组分G,其DPPH自由基清除率为6.73%±0.083%;组分G的主要成分为分子质量378 u的肽段,其一级氨基酸组成为赖氨酸(Lys)、亮氨酸(Leu)及丝氨酸(Ser).     

鸡肉蛋白水解液的研究

用酶水解鸡肉 ,通过单因素实验确定胰蛋白酶 1、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰酶 2、胃蛋白酶水解鸡肉的最适条件 ,并确定在它们的最适条件下 ,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶是单酶水解较好的酶。在双酶水解中 ,发现胰蛋白酶 1与酸性蛋白酶在各自最适条件下组合水解鸡肉水解率最高 ,进一步确定双酶水解的条件为胰蛋白酶先在 5 0℃ ,p H8.5 ,加酶量 40 0 0 U/ g蛋白质 ,固液比 1∶ 4,水解 3h,后酸性蛋白酶在 45℃ ,p H2 .5 ,加酶量 40 0 0 U/ g蛋白质水解 2 h。在这种组合下酶解 ,水解产物的水解度为 40 .5 % ,蛋白回收率为 81.0 %     

碱性蛋白酶对小麦麸皮中蛋白质的酶解作用

采用碱性蛋白酶降解小麦麸皮中的蛋白质成为可溶性组分,通过水洗过滤分离将其除去.以小麦麸皮中蛋白质残留量为考察指标,对酶解过程中的影响因素进行单因素和正交设计分析,优化工艺参数组合.通过比较分析后得到结论,采用碱性蛋白酶酶解分离小麦麸皮中蛋白质,酶解后小麦麸皮中蛋白质残留量仅为0.62%.     

复合酶法水解花生粕制备抗氧化肽的工艺优化

以DPPH自由基清除率和收率为响应值,采用响应面法对复合酶法水解花生粕生产抗氧化性肽工艺条件进行了优化.研究结果表明,碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对花生粕具有较强的水解能力,二者以2∶1的比例对花生粕水解时,较优水解条件是50℃,pH值8.54,底物质量分数8.34%.在此条件下酶解16 h,花生肽收率为65.80%,在花生肽质量浓度为0.55 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基清除率为25.77%,与优化前相比,复合酶比碱性蛋白酶单酶水解时收率和DPPH自由基清除率分别提高了7.48%和7.66%,比中性蛋白酶单酶水解时分别提高了10.29%和22.53%.     

酶法处理烟叶碎片制备烟草浸膏

为了实现烟叶碎片的再利用,开展了中性蛋白酶处理烟叶碎片提取物制备烟草浸膏的工艺研究。优化了pH调节剂、酶添加量、酶处理温度和酶处理时间,优化条件为：pH调节剂浓度为1 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,中性蛋白酶的质量浓度为6.0 g/L,酶处理温度40℃,酶处理时间4 h。与对照样品比较,酶法浸膏能改善烟气状态,降低刺激性,减少残留;烟叶碎片提取物中氨基酸质量分数增加了211.1%-316.7%,还原糖质量分数增加了8.0%-8.8%,蛋白质质量分数减少了11.2%-43.0%;且此酶法浸膏中含吡喃和吡嗪环状小分子结构的香气物质质量分数增加了5.5%,高分子醇、酸和烷烃质量分数减少45.5%,尼古丁质量分数降低了5.5%。     

花生分离蛋白复合酶水解工艺优化研究

探讨了超声波辅助前处理对花生分离蛋白复合酶解的影响,比较了碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶等六种蛋白酶解物清除DPPH自由基的效果,确定碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶较佳的复合比例为8∶2.在此基础上,开展响应面优化试验,以DPPH自由基清除率和水解度为指标,探讨复合酶与风味蛋白酶酶解的较佳工艺参数,并分析DPPH清除率和水解度相关性.实验结果表明,复合蛋白酶制备花生分离蛋白抗氧化肽的较佳酶解工艺为pH 8.5,温度49.36℃,酶添加量(E/S,质量分数m/m)3.40%,酶解时间203.59 min.     

碱性蛋白酶制备纳米珍珠粉工艺优化

使用碱性蛋白酶处理,考察摇床转速、酶解时间和加酶量对纳米级珍珠粉得率的影响.试验结果表明:10g珍珠粉加入50 mL去离子水,在摇床转速为180 r/min、酶解时间为8 h、酶用量为0.5 g时,纳米级珍珠粉得率为95.2%.凯式定氮实验表明:酶解前后珍珠粉蛋白质的含量分别为24.132%和22.010%,酶解后仅相对减少了0.088.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.