Ti-50Ni激冷合金薄带的组织、相变和形状记忆行为

用熔体激冷法制备了Ti-50Ni合金薄带,用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、示差扫描量热仪和弯曲试验研究了Ti-50Ni激冷合金薄带的显微组织、相组成、相变和形状记忆行为。结果表明,铸态和退火态Ti-50Ni激冷合金薄带都具有良好的形状记忆效应,其显微组织呈树枝状,由马氏体和母相组成,冷却时都发生A→R→M二阶段相变,加热时铸态和400~500℃退火态激冷合金薄带发生M→R→A二阶段相变,550~600℃退火态则发生M→A一阶段相变。随退火温度升高,马氏体逆相变温度T_A、R正相变温度T_R、R逆相变温度T_(Rr)和马氏体相变热滞△T_M升高,马氏体正相变温度T_M和R相变热滞△T_R降低。     

热处理工艺对冷轧薄带NiTi SMA组织状态影响的研究

用DSC、X射线衍射及SEM等研究冷轧薄带NiTi SMA在不同热处理条件下的组织变化特征，结果表明，热处理冷却方式对冷轧态NiTi SMA的组织构成产生重要影响，热处理缓冷有利于Ti3Ni4富镍相的析出，且在600℃加热时，极出最明显，同时合金中发生B2→R→M的两步相变；而热处理快冷时富镍相Ti3Ni4析出不明显，且合金中主要发生B2→M相变。     

热处理对NiAlMn高温形状记忆合金相变行为的影响

研究了热处理和热循环Ni－Al－30Mn高温形状记忆合金相变行为的影响。结果表明：（1）在600－1100℃固溶淬火时，随固溶温度升高，该合金的马氏体相变温度升高；在1000℃固溶淬火后，马氏体相变开始温度和马氏体逆相变结束温度为分别为465℃和549℃，（2）在1000℃固溶处理处理和400℃时效处理后，该合金可获得良好的相变特性；热循环使相变行为的稳定性提高。（3）该合金的淬火组织由马氏体和γ相组成，其中马氏体的体积约占60％，马氏体的硬度高于γ相，时效处理后合金的相组成未变，硬度有所增加。     

全过渡族合金Mn_(50)Ni_(50-x-y)Fe_xTi_y的马氏体相变行为研究

本文制备了一系列Mn_(50)Ni_(50-x-y)Fe_xTi_y全过渡族(all-d-metal) Heusler合金的甩带样品,并系统研究了Ti, Fe元素替代对其马氏体相变的影响.相同Fe含量时, Ti含量的升高能够稳定B2母相,从而降低马氏体相变温度.此外,Ti8合金中,马氏体相变温度随Fe含量的升高而下降,这表明Fe取代Ni原子也可以稳定B2结构的母相;同时,随着Fe含量的增加, Ti8合金中部分5M马氏体转变为L10马氏体并降低了热滞,表明L1_0马氏体与母相之间的相变驱动力小于5M马氏体与母相之间的相变驱动力.而当y8时,马氏体相变温度会随着Fe含量的升高而略微上升,这可能是由于Fe原子的无序占位所致.此外, Fe的加入具有铁磁激活的作用,建立了磁有序,使居里温度上升.电阻率测量显示,马氏体相变过程中伴随有显著的电阻变化,其原因是马氏体的显著晶格畸变对电子的散射作用.进一步发现,退火处理可以消除Fe原子无序占位,从而稳定B2母相,使得不同Ti含量的马氏体相变温度均可由高温下降至室温附近.本研究表明, Ti, Fe替代可以在室温附近获得一系列马氏体相变,为进一步的磁热及弹热研究提供了候选材料.     

冷变形及退火对Ti_(50)Ni_(45)Cu_5合金组织性能的影响

研究冷变形与退火对Ti50Ni45Cu5(原子数分数,%)合金组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明:冷变形使片状马氏体变细,合金强度增加,使合金的马氏体相变温度和逆马氏体相变温度降低,且冷变形越大,相变温度降低越多;马氏体转变开始温度Ms随着母相B2晶粒尺寸减小而降低,利用热力学推导得出了Ms与母相B2晶粒尺寸关系式。经35%冷变形400℃退火1 h后,合金具有优良的综合性能,其马氏体转变开始温度Ms为45.2℃,马氏体转变终了温度Mf为10.3℃,逆转变开始温度As为49.0℃,逆转变终了温度Af为80.0℃,抗拉强度为1 198.29MPa,伸长率为7.9%。冷变形+400℃/1 h退火Ti50Ni45Cu5合金的马氏体片细小,马氏体孪晶亚结构增多,内耗峰增高。合金在变温过程中发生B2-B19′相变,在应变振幅为2×10-5,振动频率为0.5~4.0 Hz,变温速率为2 K/min时产生内耗峰,内耗峰位置与振动频率无关,峰高随着测量频率的增加而降低,为热诱导相变内耗机制。相变温度降低,内耗峰位降低。     

时效近等拳子比钛镍形状记忆合金TEM分析

应用TEM分析技术对一种富Ni钛镍形状记忆合金时效后的组织进行了研究，结果表明，在不同温度下时效折出物的相结构和形态是不同的，在673－773K温度时，析出物都是Ti11Ni14相，随时效温度的提高，析出物的形态由细点变透镜状截面的椭圆板，这种相与B2母相是共格的，它的应变场使R相变与马氏体相变分离，Ti11Ni14相的析出会改善钛镍形状记忆合金的性质，此外，在更高温度下时效合金将析出稳定的TiNi3相，该相与基体没有共格关系，同时导致基体镍含量下降，提高了马氏体转变温度。     

热处理工艺对冷轧薄带NiTi SMA组织状态影响的研究

用DSC、X射线衍射及SEM等研究冷轧薄带NiTiSMA在不同热处理条件下的组织变化特征.结果表明,热处理冷却方式对冷轧态NiTiSMA的组织构成产生重要影响.热处理缓冷有利于Ti3Ni4富镍相的析出,且在600℃加热时,析出最明显,同时合金中发生B2→R→M的两步相变;而热处理快冷时富镍相Ti3Ni4析出不明显,且合金中主要发生B2→M相变.     

富Ti-TiNi形状记忆合金薄膜的析出相与相变

研究溅射富Ti－TiNi合金薄膜中的析出相及相变温度随退火温度和时间的变化规律;同时对富Ti－TiNi合金薄膜的马氏体相变温度比块村富Ti－TiNi合金及富Ni－TiNi合金薄膜低的原因进行讨论．     

时效近等原子比钛镍形状记忆合金TEM分析

应用TEM分析技术对一种富Ni钛镍形状记忆合金时效后的组织进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,在不同温度下时效析出物的相结构和形态是不同的 .在 6 73～ 773K温度时 ,析出物都是Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相 ,随时效温度的提高 ,析出物的形态由细点状变为透镜状截面的椭圆板 ,这种相与B2母相是共格的 ,它的应变场使R相变与马氏体相变分离 ,Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相的析出会改善钛镍形状记忆合金的性质 .此外 ,在更高温度下时效合金将析出稳定的TiNi3相 ,该相与基体没有共格关系 ,同时导致基体镍含量下降 ,提高了马氏体转变温度 .     

Ni—Ti合金的R相变及其对形状记忆效应的影响

采用电阻测量和X-射线衍射研究了Ti-54.91wt%Ni合金发生R相变的固溶和有序化处理条件。比较了不同残余应变量下经过 R 相变和只经过熟知的马氏体相变两种试样间的形状记忆特性。在近似等原子的 Ni-Ti 合金中 R 相变的发生取决于热处理条件。除非在最有利的固溶和有序化组合条件下,通常并不存在 R 相变。延长有序化时间总是促进 R 相变。随着马氏体应变量的增大,不论是否附加 R 相变,形状回复温区加宽,单程形状回复率增高并出现极大值,而双程记忆效应单调地升高。在该合金中 R 相变的发生对于单程回复是有益的,但对于双程记忆则稍有削弱。形成 R相的热处理条件可以用声子形核的概念来解释。R 相变在单程和双程记忆上的不同效果可归因于加热(仅 M→B_2)和冷却(B_2→R 和 R→M)中经历不同的相变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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