Cytotoxic action of nucleic acids

Zusammenfassung Mit einer letalen Dosis von Dimethyl-Myleran vorbehandelte Mäuse überleben nach Transfusion isologer Knochenmarkzellen. Wirken Nukleinsäurenin vitro auf die Knochenmarkzellen ein, so ist ihre lebenserhaltende Kapazität vermindert.

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This investigation was supported by grants to the Chester Beatty Research Institute (Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, London) from the Medical Research Council, the British Empire Cancer Campaign, the Anna Fuller Fund and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service.     

The identification of ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone) in 3 species of molluscs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)

Summary Ecdysterone has been identified in the schistosomiasis vectorBiomphalaria glabrata Say and inHelix aspersa Müller as well as inLymmaea stagnalis L. by chromatography, bioassay, radioimmunoassay, derivatization and by mass spectroscopy. Analysis of the food, faeces and hepatopancreas suggest that the sterol is derived from the diet. The probable function of ecdysterone in relation to calcification of the shell is discussed in this paper.We wish to thank Professor P. Karlson and Dr J. Koolman (Phillips University, Marburg-Lahn, FRG) for providing facilities for RIA. The initial study was begun at the University of Sussex and continued at the Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, while D.L.W. was supported by the Ministry of Overseas Development. London and the Medical Research Council of Great Britain (grant G974/525/T). We thank Mr P. Mellon for the mass spectrum and Dr G.B. Russell for his interest in the earlier part of this study. We also thank Professor E. Scherer and Dr Q. Uwe (University of Essen, FRG) for their help in the irradiation ofL. stagnalis.Gauss Str. 82, D-4630 Bochum 5 (Federal Republic of Germany). Research results usingL. stagnalis were submitted for the Philips Europa Wettbewerb für junge Forscher und Erfinder (1979) in a thesis entitled Zur Frage der Existenz von Steroiden und Gonadoliberin bei der Grossen Schlammschnecke (Lymmaea stagnalis L.): ein Beitrag zur Evolution der Insekten- und Wirbeltierhormone.     

Formation of 4-ketocyclophosphamide by the oxidation of cyclophosphamide with KMnO4

Zusammenfassung Oxydation des (³²P) Cyclophosphamides durch KMnO₄ in Wasser oder Aceton führt zu 4-Ketocyclophosphamid und einem N-dechloroäthylierten Derivat des Cyclophosphamides, beides bekannte Metaboliten der Droge. Die Auftrennung der Produkte gelingt durch Dünnschichtchromatographie und die Richtigkeit der Strukturen wurde durch Massenspectrometrie nachgewiesen.

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Acknowledgments. This investigation was supported by grants to the Chester Beatty Research Institute (Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital) from the Medical Research Council and Cancer Research Campaign. The A.E.I. MS-12 mass spectrometer was purchased on a special grant No. G969/189/C from the Medical Research Council. The work was carried out partly during the tenure of a Ludwig Fellowship awarded by Cancer Research Institute. The interest of ProfessorA. B. Foster and Dr.T. A. Connors in this work, and the skilled technical assistance of Mr.M. H. Baker, are gratefully acknowledged.     

Application of the indigogenic principle for the histochemical demonstration of ribonuclease

Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein neues Indolsubstrat für die histochemische Demonstration von alkalischer RNase II und saurer RNase II synthetisiert. Dieses Verfahren ist besser, schneller und präziser als die bisherigen Kupplungstechniken.

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This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants No. CA-02624 and CA-02903 from the National Cancer Institute and in part by an institutional grant to the Detroit Institute of Cancer Research from the United Foundation of Greater Detroit allocated through the Michigan Cancer Foundation and Detroit General Hospital Research Corporation, Newaygo County Cancer Society. We thank MissPat Warzocha for secretarial assistance.     

Occurrence of trichochromes in the urine of a melanoma patient

Summary The presence of two phaeomelanic pigments, trichochrome B and C, was demonstrated in the urine of a patient with malignant melanoma metastases.Supported by grants from the Swedish Cancer Society (No. 626-B75-04XA), 869-B75-01P, the Swedish Medical Research Council (No. B76-04X-00056-12), and the Walter, Ellen and Lennart Hesselman Foundation for Scientific Research. ProfessorProta was a visiting scientist of the Swedish Cancer Society (No. 626-B75-04U).     

Influence of nocloprost on the vascular responses to various stimuli in the isolated perfused rabbit kidney

Summary Nocloprost, a new synthetic prostanoid, elicited a vasodilator action when given through the renal artery of the isolated perfused rabbit kidney. Lower concentrations of the compound inhibited the pressor response to sympathetic stimulation or to angiotensin II, but potentiated the pressor effect of exogenous noradrenaline. These results were taken as an evidence that nocloprost prevents the release of neurotransmitter by a presynaptic mechanism.This work was supported by a grant from the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (TAG-578). Nocloprost is the gift of Dr E. Schillinger, Head of Biochemical Pharmacology, Schering AG Research Laboratories, Berlin, FRG.     

The effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on the uptake of labelled glycine by the chick embryo

Résumé On a étudié par autoradiographie l'incorporation de la glycine-1-C¹⁴ par l'embryon du poussin. L'incorporation était la plus élevée dans le tissu neural et puis dans le notochorde et les somites. Après traitement avec le FSH, une incorporation plus grande s'est produite dans les mésodermes chordal et somitique. On propose qu'il peut s'agir d'un effet morphogénétique. Il est particulièrement significatif que le mésoderme axial, qui joue un rôle si important dans l'induction du système nerveux, paraît être également le point d'action de l'hormone.

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Supported by Grant No. DRG-913 from the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund for Cancer Research and also by grants from the Medical Research Council, British Empire Cancer Campaign for Research and the U.S. Public Health Service to the Chester Beatty Research Institute (Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital). The authors also wish to thank the National Institutes of Health, USA for the FSH preparations.     

Suppression of immunization to tuberculosis and diphtheria by an extract of lymphoid tissue

Zusammenfassung Dank einer neuen Anwendung von Lymphknotenextrakten (statt Röntgenextrakten, Corticosteroiden, Antilymphozytenserum usw.) wird eine erhebliche Reduktion der immunologischen Reaktion erzielt, wenn die Tiere mit diesen Extrakten vorbehandelt und gleichzeitig mit Antigenen behandelt werden.

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This investigation was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. Research Grant No. CA-02624 from National Cancer Institute; and in part by an institutional grant to Detroit Institute of Cancer Research from United Foundation of greater Detroit allocated through Michigan Cancer Foundation and the Detroit General Hospital Research Corporation, and Newaygo County Cancer Society.     

A histochemical study of immune destruction of the lymphopoietic system

Zusammenfassung Eine auffallende Zunahme von -Galactosidase kommt im lymphoetischen Säuger-Gewebe im Zusammenhang mit der immunologischen Auflösung dieses Systems vor. Die hernach auftretende Proliferation retikulärer Zellen steht im Zusammenhang mit der Regeneration dieses Organs. Diese Zellen enthalten eine reichliche Anzahl lysosomatischer Enzyme (z.B. -Galactosidase).

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This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants Nos. Ca 02624 and CA 02903 from the National Cancer Institute and in part by an institutional grant to the Detroit Institute of Cancer Research Division of the Michigan Cancer Foundation from the United Foundation of Greater Detroit, and Detroit General Hospital Research Corporation. Newaygo County Cancer Association. We wish to express our gratitude for stenographic assistance to Mrs.Connie Malucusky and MissPatricia Warzocha.     

Histochemical demonstration of reductase activity in the nucleus of chicken erythrocyte

Zusammenfassung Dehydrase- und Succinodehydraseaktivität werden mittels histochemischer Methode durch Tetrazoliumsalze in Kernen der Hühnererythrocyten dargestellt. Das Vorhandensein der Formazankristalle beschränkt sich vor allem auf die innere Oberfläche der Kernmembrane. Die Bedeutung dieser Entdeckungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Succinodehydrase-Mitochondrien-Verhältnis wird kurz besprochen.

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This work was supported in part by a Research Grant from the National Cancer Institute, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and in part by an Institutional Grant to the Detroit Institute of Cancer Research from the American Cancer Society.     

Isolation of 2-S-cysteinyldopa and 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa from the urine of patients with melanoma

Summary Urine from patients with melanoma metastases is shown to contain, in addition to the previously described 5-S-cysteinyldopa (I), 2 closely related metabolites which have been isolated and identified as 2-S-cysteinyldopa (II) and 2, 5-S, S-dicysteinyldopa (III).Supported by grants from the Swedish Cancer Society (No. 626-B76-05XB and 869-B75-01P), the Swedish Medical Research Council (No. B76-04X-00056-12), and the Walter, Ellen and Lennart Hesselman Foundation for Scientific Research. Professor Prota was a visiting scientist of the Swedish Cancer Society (No. 626-B75-04V). The authors are indebted to Dr Soshuke Ito for samples of 2-S-cysteinyldopa and 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa.     

Report on the chemotherapy section of the VIIth International Cancer Congress

Zusammenfassung Die Chemotherapie von bösartigen Gechwülsten und Leukämien wurde am VII. Internationalen Krebskongress in London sowohl vom Gesichtspunkt der Klinik wie von demjenigen der experimentellen Forschung aus behandelt.Nahezu alle in diesem Zusammenhang erwähnten Pharmaka gehören entweder zur Gruppe der Alkylierungsmittel oder aber zu derjenigen der Stoffwechselantagonisten.Das klinische Interesse galt vor allem der Verbesserung von therapeutischen Anwendungsweisen bereits anerkannter Heilmittel, deren Brauchbarkeit zur Unterstützung der Chirurgie, sowie der Prüfung neuartiger Substanzen mit möglicher Hemmungswirkung auf Tumoren.Die Beiträge auf dem experimentellen Gebiet umfassten biochemische Studien über den Wirkungsmechanismus von Krebspharmaka und über den biologischen Einbau von Stoffwechselantagonisten. Einige Vorträge behandelten die Frage, welche Bedeutung den Enzymen in der Chemotherapie des Krebses zukomme.

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The Abstracts of the VII^th International Cancer Congress were published under the auspices of the International Union against Cancer in London, July 1958. The full reports of the Congress will be published in a special edition of the ACTA of the International Union against Cancer.     

A mutant of the antibiotic resistance factor R124 with altered copy number

Summary A mutation conferring increased antibiotic resistance onSalmonella typhimurium strain 11G carrying R124 was plasmid determined; strains harbouring the mutant plasmid contained more DNA as ccc plasmid than those harbouring R124. The increased copy number was manifested at all growth rates at all growth rates tested.This work was supported by a grant (to R. J. R.) from the Central Research Fund of the University of London and by a studentship (to J. J. P.) from the Science Research Council.     

Serendipitous precise and unique staining of cell nuclei

Zusammenfassung Frischgefrorene Gewebesektionen verschiedener Gewebe wurden in Kalium-Eisen-Cyanid bei pH 5,2 inkubiert; dabei wurde eine präzise und einzigartige Färbung nur der Zellnuklei beobachtet. Die Ursache dieser selektiven Kernfärbung ist nicht verständlich, doch stellt sie höchstwahrscheinlich eine Färbung von Ferro-Verbindungen in den Nuklei dar.

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This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants Nos. CA 02624 and CA 02903 from the National Cancer Institute and in part by an institutional grant to the Detroit Institute of Cancer Research Division of the Michigan Cancer Foundation from the United Foundation of Greater Detroit, and Detroit General Hospital Research Corporation. Newaygo County Cancer Association. We wish to express our gratitude for stenographic assistance to Mrs.Georgette M. Bellmay.     

Preface

The papers in this Special Issue originated from the energy forecasting stream at the 1995 Symposium on Energy Models for Policy and Planning, held at the London Business School in association with the International Federation of Operational Research Societies. The motivation of the Symposium was to focus upon model-based insights into energy issues. The papers selected here, which survived the refereeing process, indicate the range and importance of modelling in this context. We are grateful to the referees, participants of the symposium and the institutional support which facilitated this work.     

The effect of neonatal administration of testosterone and oestradiol on the liver nuclear volume of male and female rats

Zusammenfassung Wirkung von Testosteron oder Östradiol auf die Grösse bzw. das Kernvolumen der Leberzellen von neugeborenen männlichen und weiblichen Ratten. Testosteron verursachte vor allem bei weiblichen Tieren eine erhebliche Volumenzunahme der Leberzellenkerne, während Kastration eine Verminderung der Polyploidie zur Folge hatte.

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The work was done during the tenure of the Widnes Cancer Research Fellowship. The author wishes to thank Dr.J. C. Davis for the helpful discussion and the North West Cancer Research Fund for the financial support.     

Comparison of DMSO and glycerol as cryoprotectants for ascites tumor cells

Summary Mouse Ehrlich ascites and rat D23 ascites tumors were stored in liquid nitrogen under identical conditions for up to 3 years. Cell viability (trypan blue exclusion) and transplantability of both tumors in animals remained virtually unaffected if preserved in 10% DMSO containing medium, whereas, cells preserved in 10% glycerol failed to produce lethal tumors in rodents.This work was performed at the Cancer Research Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England. I thank John Geggie for expert technical assistance; to the North of England Council of the Cancer Research Campaign and the National Science Foundation (ENG-78-25432) for financial support; and to Dr John A. Dickson for advice and encouragement. Also, I am indebted to Professor Rakesh K. Jain for his support.     

Partial sequence of the tyrosine region of neocarzinostatin

Zusammenfassung Das antitumoraktive Protein-Antibiotikum Neocarzinostatin wurde mit Dithiothreit in flüssigem Ammoniak reduziert und mit Chloressigsäure alkyliert. Tryptische Spaltung des tetra-S-carboxymethylierten Proteins ergab 5 Fragmente. Die Sequenz von 25 Aminosäureresten im tyrosinhaltigen Fragment H₃ wurde durchEdman-Abbau im automatisierten Sequenator ermittelt.

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This work was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants No. C-6516 from the National Cancer Institute and No. FR-05526 from the Division of Research Facilities and Resource, National Institutes of Health, to the Children's Cancer Research Foundation and by grants No. AM 04501 and No. AM 11794 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases to the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital.     

Cytology of experimental teratomas and teratocarcinomas

Zusammenfassung Von bei Mäusen erzeugten Teratomen und Teratocarcinomen entstehen in der Hälfte der Fälle ungefähr gleich häufig bösartige wie gutartige Mischtumoren. Bei der Punktion und der nachfolgenden cytologischen Untersuchung war es jedoch nicht möglich, aus den Abstrichen maligne und benigne Tumoren zu trennen.

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This work was supported by grants from the Yugoslav federal science Foundation No. 813/3 and the council for Scientific Affairs of SR Croatia, NIH PL 480 Research Agreement No. 02-038-1 and No. CA-10815 from the National Cancer Institute. One of us (DS) was supported by a Damon Runyon Cancer Research Fellowship.     

Temporal and spatial distribution of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) polymorphism in natural populations ofDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Drosophila melanogaster adults were collected for several years in various localities of Italy. The frequencies of thePgm electrophoretic alleles were determined and the similarity of the configuration of allelic frequencies observed. It was concluded that the PGM electrophoretic polymorphism could be maintained by random genetic drift in the natural populations studied only if the effective breeding size (N _e ) during the bottle-neck period is about 5000.I am grateful to Prof. D. Sperlich and Prof. W. Seyffert for their kind hospitality during my sojourn as Research Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the Institute of Biology II at the University of Tübingen (FRG) where the final version of this paper has been done. The technical assistance of Mr A. Micheli is also acknowledged.