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1.
西昆仑山位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘.从海拔6530m钻取的崇测冰帽冰芯发现,20世纪90年代前的60多年间,沙尘沉积和年积累率存在着一致的下降性趋势变化.结合对沙尘源地、沙尘输送路径及其沉积特征的调查研究,分析源——汇的诸多影响因素,探讨影响高海拔地区降水的主导过程,结果表明:1)在高海拔地区,尘埃可能比低海拔地区对降水起着更为重要的作用,这种作用主要是通过凝结核数量的变化发生的;2)在高海拔地区降水形成过程中,悬浮的尘埃数量会直接影响凝结核的数量;3)对于塔克拉玛干沙漠周边这样的干旱环境,大气水汽供应在高海拔地区相对更为充分些,因此与低海拔地区相比,高海拔山地冰川上的降水过程对大气尘埃微粒浓度的变化似乎更为敏感; 4)在沙漠及其周边地区的盛行气候条件下,冰川冰雪积累呈现出逐渐减少的趋势,与沙漠地区气候和环境变化密切相关——过去几十年间塔克拉玛干低海拔区降水增加,沙尘减少;5)这种行将持续的趋势可能会通过大气尘埃的变化继续影响高海拔冰川的物质平衡.本研究的这一发现可能从一个侧面揭示了一些地区性冰川变化的原因,如中亚地区持续了几十年的冰川消退现象. 相似文献
2.
Wei Yang TanDong Yao BaiQing Xu GuangJian Wu LingLong Ma XiaoDong Xin 《科学通报(英文版)》2008,53(16):2547-2551
The maritime glaciers are sensitive to climate change because of high annual precipitation and high air temperature in the region. A combined comprehensive study was carried out based on glacier mass balance observation, GPS-based glacier terminus position survey, glacier Ground Penetrating Radar, topography maps and RS satellite images in the Kangri Karpo Mountains, Southeast Tibet. The study revealed a strong ice mass loss and quick glacier retreat since the 1970s. Ata Glacier, one glacier from the south slope of the Kangri Karpo Mountains, has formed a 6-km-long terminal moraine zone at the end of the glacier since the 1970s, and the accelerating retreat is largely due to the strong glacier surface melting. Mass balance study on the other four glaciers on the northern side of the Kangri Karpo Mountains shows that they are in large negative mass balance and the glaciers had retreated 15--19 m from May 2006 to May 2007. The in-situ glacier observation also shows that the glacier retreat is more obvious in small glaciers. The enhanced ice mass deficit caused by climate warming and the ongoing extinction of many small glaciers in this region could seriously affect the water resources, environ- ments, local climate and regional sustainable development in the near future. 相似文献
3.
Using NCEP dataset we calculate the exchange of mass across the thermal tropopause by the Wei's method from 1978 to 1997 over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings. We also calculate the annual variation of aerosol and ozone of 100 hPa level with the monthly SAGE dataset from July 1988 to December 1993. Results indicate that ( i ) the mass from troposphere to stratosphere is magistral station in summer over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings. The air transport reaches the summit in midsummer with two large value centers, which lie in the north of Bengal Bay and southeastern Tibetan Plateau, respectively. A large value center, which lies over the Tibetan Plateau, is smaller than that aforementioned. In winter, the mass transport is from stratosphere to troposphere, and reaches the minimum in January. ( ii ) As far as the 19-year mean cross-tropopause mass exchange from June to September is concerned, the net mass transport is 14.84x1018 kg from troposphere to stratosphere. So the area from the Tibetan Plateau to the Bengal Bay is a channel through which the mass of lower atmosphere layer gets into upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. (iii) The cross-tropopause mass may take the lower level aerosol to the tropopause. Then, the concentration of aerosol near the tropopause becomes larger, which may cause the content of ozone to reduce. 相似文献
4.
玉龙山温北川浅冰芯内气候环境信息的初步剖析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
稳定同位素和离子分析结果表明,我国青藏高原东缘玉龙山温冰川的一支浅冰芯的大部分气候环境信息有良好的对应关系,可揭示近期若干年冰川净积累时期内的气候变化趋势和冰川的净积累量,且与当地实测资料相对应,该线冰芯的研究也揭示出冬夏季风和融水渗浸作用对冰芯气候记录的影响过程,表明温冰川气候环境信息的时间序列有限,温性冰川浅冰芯现代过程的分析为研究西南季风环流的动态变化提供了一个新的重要途径。 相似文献
5.
平衡剖面反映的柴西新生代变形对青藏高原隆升的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
柴达木盆地为一中新生代盆地,位于青藏高原北缘,盆内中新生代地层发育很好地记录了印度一欧亚板块自约55Ma以来碰撞传到高原北缘的地质事件.在最新的高精度磁性地层绝对年代控制下,通过盆内西部五条北东-南西向地震大剖面,用平衡剖面方法恢复了新生代以来盆地因两大板块碰撞而引起的地壳收敛缩短量.结果显示:在宏观上柴西地区存在两个相对快速收缩期:早始新世-渐新世和晚中新世或上新世-现今(E_(1+2)末-N_1,43.80~22.00Ma和N~2_2或N_2~3-现今,8.20或2.65~0Ma)和两个相对较弱收缩期:中生代末-早始新世和渐新世-晚中新世(M_z-E_(1+2)初期,65.00~43.80Ma和N_1末-N~2_2,22.00~2.65Ma)以及两个主要的断裂活动期次,早期路乐河组末-下干柴沟组上段时期(E_(1+2)-E_3~2)和晚期上油砂山组至今(N~2_2-Q).在微观上,盆地内部受自身断裂活动的控制,发育了独特的形态.表明在印欧板块碰撞高原隆升的早期,柴西地区就开始变形响应,随后盆地在整个新生代发展过程中,都处于板块碰撞高原隆升的大环境影响下而发生整体的变形缩短,同时自身的断裂活动控制了盆地的微观形态. 相似文献
6.
Based on the field observations on Qiyi Glacier during the warm season of 2007, using a digital elevation model (DEM, 15 m resolution), we developed a distributed surface energy- and mass-balance model with an hourly resolution. The model described the effect of topography on shortwave solar radiation, and used a new parameterization for glacier albedo. The model was applied to Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountain, China, for the period 20 : 00 30 June to 12 : 00 10 October 2007, to simulate the firn-line changes, the temporal and spatial variations of mass balance, and the glacial meltwater runoff. The results indicated that the patterns of altitudinal profile of glacier mass-balance were affected mainly by the altitudinal profile of albedo, and the status of the glacier mass balance was influenced directly by the values of albedo. The parameter sensitivity test showed that the model was sensitive to the air temperature lapse rate and precipitation gradient, and also sensitive to the threshold temperature for solid/liquid precipitation. Furthermore, the climate sensitivity test showed that the mass balance was more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, and the response of mass balance to air temperature change was nonlinear while the response to precipitation change linearly. The negative mass balance trend of the glacier can not be reversed when precipitation increases by 20% and meanwhile air temperature rises by 1°C. 相似文献
7.
By using remote sensing and GIS technologies, spatial analysis and statistic analysis, we calculated the water area and volume variations of the Nam Co Lake from 1971-2004, and discussed their influence factors from the viewpoints of climatic change and water balance. Data source in this study includes bathymetric data of the lake, aerial surveyed topographic maps of 1970, remote sensing images of 1991 and 2004 in the lake catchment, meteorological data from 17 stations within 1971-2004 in the adjacent area... 相似文献
8.
青藏高原和伊朗高原上空臭氧变化特征及其与南亚高压的关系 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
采用TOMS、HALOE和SAGEⅡ臭氧卫星观测资料,对青藏高原上空臭氧的垂直结构和变化特征以及伊朗高原臭氧低值中心做了相应的研究,并且对两个高原臭氧低值中心进行了对比.结果表明:夏季伊朗高原同青藏高原一样存在臭氧低值中心;青藏高原和伊朗高原上空臭氧含量的变化与同纬度带其他地区相比,在12~22km或120~30 hPa这个气层中减少最明显,在此气层中伊朗高原上臭氧的减少比青藏高原上的更厉害.进一步采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了亚洲上空位势场和位温的变化及其与臭氧变化的关系,结果显示青藏高原和伊朗高原上空臭氧含量的变化和南亚高压有着密切的关系.南亚高压正好处在青藏高原和伊朗高原上空,夏季当南亚高压中心偏伊朗高原时,伊朗高原上空臭氧总量比多年平均值低,6、7月份随南亚高压中心位置的变化,伊朗高原上空臭氧总量变化明显,而青藏高原上空臭氧总量变化不是很明显.利用此区域夏季等位温面的变化对上述关系的机理进行了初步的探讨. 相似文献
9.
方小敏 《科技导报(北京)》2017,35(6):42-50
青藏高原的隆升不仅是印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞导致的地球内部岩石圈地球动力学作用过程的结果,并且对全球和亚洲气候变化、亚洲地貌和地表环境过程及大量地内和地表矿产资源的形成分布产生了深刻影响。因而研究高原隆升的历史不仅对解决上述重大科学问题提供重要途径,而且可为高原区域资源环境的开发和可持续发展提供理论依据。简要回顾和梳理了国内外近年来,围绕青藏高原隆升所取得的主要进展。研究表明新生代青藏高原经历了多阶段、多幕次、准同步异幅且高原南北后期加速隆升的演化过程。具体可划分为55~30、25~10及8~0 Ma 3个主要生长隆升期次。其中55~30 Ma的高原早期隆升,主要集中在高原中南部的拉萨地块和羌塘地块,并且可能隆升到接近3 km高度,或甚至更高,有人称之为“原西藏高原”,但其周缘存在准同步异幅的变形隆升响应;25~10 Ma的中期隆升,“原西藏高原”南北缘的喜马拉雅山和可可西里-昆仑山开始强烈隆升,“原西藏高原”率先隆升到目前高度并开始向东西两侧挤出物质、拉张形成南北向裂谷,高原北缘普遍产生广泛变形隆升但幅度有限;从约8 Ma开始的晚期隆升,高原南、北部边缘的喜马拉雅山和昆仑山-西秦岭以北的高原东北部隆升显著加速,经历一系列短暂快速的多幕次构造变形和生长隆升,最终形成现今高原面貌。 相似文献
10.
全球变暖背景下青藏高原多年冻土分布变化预测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据青藏高原及周边地区温度数据和多年冻土分布, 模拟2099年青藏高原多年冻土面积与各类多年冻土分布的变化情况。结果显示: 青藏高原地区在年均温升高1.8ºC的情况下, 大片多年冻土在高原西北部收缩至76.6°E 以东, 岛状多年冻土在高原东南部大面积消融, 高山多年冻土在帕米尔高原、喜马拉雅山地区收缩明显, 多年冻土总面积是现代的83.4%; 在年均温升高4ºC的情况下, 大片多年冻土收缩至77.4°E以东, 岛状多年冻土中部小范围退缩, 高山多年冻土在祁连山地区消融明显, 仅在帕米尔高原、喜马拉雅山山脉、祁连山山脉、横断山脉等高海拔山地发育, 多年冻土总面积是现代的73%; 在年均温升高6ºC的情况下, 大片多年冻土收缩至78°E, 岛状多年冻土仅在中西部发育, 高山多年冻土在部分极高山地区零星发育, 多年冻土总面积是现代的50.8%。 相似文献
11.
文章对国际地震中心陨杂悦(International Seismological Centre)和美国地质调查所震中初定报告孕阅耘(The Preliminary Determination of Epicentres Bulletin)提供的地震数据资料,以及西藏大学地震台网收集的地震数据资料进行分析研究。结果显示,青藏高原属于地质构造与地震活动极为活跃的区域,自1900年以来曾发生过3780次以上地震;青藏高原内部的地震绝大部分都属于浅源地震(源深度小于50km),以拉萨为中心的周边地区属浅源地震的高频率发震区。 相似文献
12.
Dust storms and loess accumulation on the Tibetan Plateau:A case study of dust event on 4 March 2003 in Lhasa 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
FANGXiaomin HANYongxiang MAJinghui SONGLianchun YANGShengli ZHANGXiaoye 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(9):953-960
Whether the Tibetan Plateau is a significant dust source area is of great importance, because this is related to the understanding of sources, accumulation and environmental effects of dusts on the Tibetan Plateau and inthe Far East-Pacific Ocean regions as well as to the evointion of coupling of the Tibetan Plateau and atmaspbere-oeean-continent exchange. Synoptic dynamics and remote sensing tracing of a dust storm on 3 to 5 March, 2003 in Lhasa onSouth Tibet demonstrate that the Tibetan Plateau possessesall factors and conditions of generating dust storms. Accompanied with this dust storm is a strong ascending stream onthe Plateau which has raised various sizes of durst particlesinto different levels. The lifted coarse particles were largelyfallen down and accumulated as loess on the eastern TibetanPlateau, and the fine particles were translated by the westerly jet and subsided in the northern Pacific Ocean. The spa-tial-temporal distribution of dust-storms between years 1961and 2000 ou the Plateau shows that duststorms mainly occurin winter and early spring with high frequency, and tile pathof dust storm moves gradually from south to north, which isclosely coupled with the northward moving of the westerlyjet from winter to spring over the Tibetan Plateau. Com-pared with other twelve dust source areas in China. the Ti-betan Plateau is one of the key dust souree areas for thelong-distance transport because its high occurring frequencyand elevation cause fine particles easily to be lifted into thezone of the westerly jet. 相似文献
13.
This study analyzes the changes in glacier zones and snow composition of Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains of China since 1961,and their possible relations with climate.It is found that precipitation dominated the snow composition and that air temperature and precipitation controlled the distribution of glacier zones,but interannual change in precipitation had a relatively large effect on glacier zones and snow composition during 1963–1981 (P10) and 1963–1989 (P11).However,during 1982–2007 (P20) and 19... 相似文献
14.
为了深入分析藏东南尼洋河流域水文特征及产汇流机理,对该流域降水径流水量平衡问题进行研究。基于尼洋河流域工布江达、巴河桥、更张等水文站日降水、流量等水文气象观测资料,对采用传统泰森多边形法计算的尼洋河流域面平均雨量小于径流量这一现象进行分析,提出降雨径流水量平衡问题;针对尼洋河流域地形地貌特征、降水空间分布规律和测站分布的实际情况,提出尼洋河流域面平均雨量分布式计算方法,并进行了实例计算。计算结果表明:目前对尼洋河流域降水空间分布特征缺乏正确认识;采用传统的泰森多边形法计算面平均雨量是导致出现水量不平衡问题的主要原因。指出尼洋河流域面平均雨量计算应考虑降水的垂直分布差异。 相似文献
15.
中新世以来滇西高原内红河流域区的古高程反演 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
流经滇西高原的红河水系将高原内被剥蚀下来的物质输送到莺歌海盆地与琼东南盆地中堆积.滇西高原隆升剥蚀区与莺歌海盆地和琼东南盆地堆积区构成了一个相对封闭系统.采用质量平衡法,将莺-琼盆地内的堆积物回剥至隆升剥蚀区,重建了中新世以来滇西高原内红河流域区所达到的可能高程.16.2~19.6 Ma前红河流域区海拔高度低于560 m,16.2~11 Ma前的隆升使高程升至860~950 m.经过11~5.3 Ma前的剥蚀夷平后,海拔高度降为800m.距今5.3~1.6 Ma前的快速隆升,使海拔高度曾达到2600~2725 m,隆升幅度达1800~1925 m,滇西高原形成.近1.6 Ma以来则主要是剥蚀削低,海拔高度从2560 m降为2300m.中新世以来红河流域区被剥蚀掉约3900 m. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原草地生态系统之服务功能 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
龙瑞军 《科技导报(北京)》2007,25(9):26-28
青藏高原草地生态系统服务功能体现在3个方面,即生态功能、生产功能和生活功能。生态功能为系统所固有,是系统维持和发展的基础;生产功能是影响草地生态系统服务功能发生改变的触发点;生活功能主要取决于生态功能和生产功能的平衡关系和管理状况,体现系统综合发展水平。充分理解和把握“三生功能”之间的互作关系,对青藏高原草地生态系统的维系与发展具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
17.
青藏高原地面抬升证据讨论 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26
当前学术界在青藏高原地面何时达到现代高度问题上存在着许多不同观点,概括起来主要有3种:14Ma前已达到高于现代的最大高度,8Ma前已达到或超过现代高度,距今3.4Ma来分阶中强烈上升并逐步达到现代高度,之所以出现如此大的意见分歧,除高原面积广阔,研究程度不深和覆盖面不够的原因外,不同研究者所使用研究方法和证据的差异也是重要因素,在分析了各种证据对高原地面上升的记录机理后,我们认为夷平面、河流附地, 相似文献
18.
影响MCSs移动的环境物理量场提取 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
已有研究表明,暴雨的形成常常与中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的移动息息相关,而引起中尺度对流系统移动的成因十分复杂.该文利用日本地球静止气象卫星(GMS)记录的红外辐射亮温资料对1998年6-8月青藏高原上的MCSs进行了自动追踪。在此基础上,运用空间数据挖掘中的决策树方法建立了移出高原的MCSs与其环境物理量场之间的关系,结果表明,利用该法来预测MCSs未来的移动路径是切实可行的。 相似文献
19.
LIWan-chun YANGXiang-dong YINYu JIJiang LIShi-jie PUPei-min 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2005,10(4):689-693
Lake Zige Tangco is an endorheic saline lake in central Tibetan Plateau. Investigations of 1998 and 1999 revealed that is was a typical stratified lake. The characteristics of thermal stratification of the lake have been extensively discussed from 4 aspects, i.e. thermocline, hydrochemistry and dissolved oxygen, stable isotope oxygen, and stability. The thermocline coupled with chemocline was further analyzed. 相似文献
20.
利用25年(1983.7—2008.6)的ISCCP D2云气候资料,统计分析了青藏高原及其周边地区总云量时空分布特征,并根据高原地形特征、大气环流形势等作出了合理解释。 相似文献