应用MDDES的飞行器气动／结构耦合抖振数值模拟

严重分离流动非定常效应是造成现代飞行器发生抖振的主要因素,因此,准确模拟飞行器分离流动是开展飞行器抖振研究的基础．本文在综合考虑现代计算机资源以及分离流流动模型可信度的基础上,建立了基于MDDES（Modified Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation）的分离流非定常数值模拟方法,通过对典型的战斗机大攻角分离流模拟计算,对计算方法进行了验证．在此基础上,综合利用RBF径向基函数技术与无限插值方法建立高效的、鲁棒性强的动网格技术,结合模态空间下结构动力学方程,建立了飞机气动／结构耦合抖振数值模拟平台,对某战斗机大攻角下边条涡干扰引起的垂尾抖振问题开展研究．数值结果显示：通过对流场中涡破裂位置的压力脉动的时域响应进行的频谱分析表明,不同尺度的涡结构脉动频率覆盖了垂尾的结构固有模态频率,相比较雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,MDDES方法能够分辨出更细致的、更高频率的小尺度涡结构;与颤振明显的区别,各阶模态位移加速度响应由自身模态所主导,一阶弯曲与一阶扭转模态存在强烈的耦合,使结构产生加速度,承受较大的惯性力载荷冲击,是引起结构疲劳的主要因素,验证了所采用数值手段和相应方法的有效性．     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对肠系膜上动脉活体形态的显示及临床应用

目的探讨64层螺旋cT血管成像（CTA）对肠系膜上动脉（SMA）活体形态的显示及临床应用价值。方法对80例临床疑有腹部、盆腔疾病的患者行64层螺旋CTA扫描,然后利用容积再现（VR）、多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、反向MIP（I—MIP）和薄层MIP（TS．MIP）等技术进行后处理。80例患者分为正常组（30例）和异常组（50例）两组,对正常组采用多种重建技术显示SMA各级分支,并测量SMA的直径,观察SMA起始段的走行;在MPR像上测量SMA与腹主动脉（AA）的夹角（An）,在左肾静脉（LRV）平面测量SMA至AA的距离（M）,在左侧肾门旁测量LRV最大前后径（A）,在SMA与AA问测量LRV最小前后径（B）。对异常组采用多种重建技术显示SMA,分析SMA特点。结果VR、MIP、I-MIP像均可显示正常组SMA整体解剖形态,TS-MIP对小分支显示优于其他重建技术。不同重建方式对SMA直径的测量无显著差异（F=0．71,P〉0．05）。SMA起始段走行方向为右下走行90％,前下走行占6．7％,左下走行占3．3％。An平均为（61．06±22．79）°。M平均为（14．62±4．00）mm,A平均为（9．16±1．91）mm,B平均为（6．00±2．01）mm,A与B比值〉2者占20．0％,〉3者占3．3％。异常组中有5例小肠先天性旋转不良及2例小肠扭转,SMA轴位像主要表现“回旋征”,VR表现为“螺旋征”;1例SMA分支栓塞;消化道肿瘤19例,其中8例供血动脉为SMA分支;回盲部动静脉畸形1例;余22例肝脏、泌尿生殖系统病变SMA无明显异常。结论64层螺旋CTA能很好地显示SMA的活体形态特征,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

多基站多用户MIMO系统下行链路基于准最大化和速率预编码和功率分配的双层交替迭代结构

在多基站多用户MIMO系统中,最大化和速率（magimi。ingsum-rate,MSR）预编码是一种线性预编码,但是无闭式解．本文提出了一种交替迭代结构的准最大化和速率（Quasi—MSR）预编码方案来迫近MSR,将MSR的求解问题转化成最大化二次分式函数的乘积,并且设计了一种单接收天线用户环境下基于最大化和速率准则的低复杂度交替网格搜索功率分配alternatina grid search power allocation,AGSPA）方案．在此基础上,本文又提出了基于Quasi-MSR和低复杂度AGSPA的双层交替迭代结构（alternatingiterativestructure,AIS）．仿真结果表明：考虑大尺度衰落和天线相关性时．AIS结构在和速率性能上明显优于4种典型的预编码算法（最大化信泄噪比、块对角化、最小均方误差与速率最大化）．     

中国低纬度地区GPS周跳季节依赖特点分析

利用中国低纬度地区6个GPS观测站2001年的观测数据,分析了该地区日周跳发生次数与季节的关系．结果表明：该地区的日周跳发生次数与季节关系明显,GPS周跳主要发生在两分季附近（3～5月和9～11月）,且一些日期6个台站的日周跳发生次数变化趋势一致,这种周跳的季节依赖特点与同期我国广州电离层扩展F出现的季节依赖特点类似．结合周跳的地方时依赖特点,可以推断仰角大于一定角度时的周跳与该地区上空电离层不均匀结构有一定的关系．通过不同地磁纬度观测站日周跳次数的比较,可以看到在同一时间段内该地区处于较高纬度的LUZH台站的日周跳次数要明显小于其他台站．以相距很近的两个GPS台站2001年日周跳次数存在明显差异这一事实为出发点,分析了同样电离层条件下周跳对GPS接收机本身硬件质量的依赖性．     

基于聚邻苯二胺和纳米金电位型免疫传感器的研究

利用电聚合和电沉积技术将邻苯二胺和纳米金固定在石墨电极上,通过白组装的方法使抗体（羊抗小鼠IgG）与石墨电极表面上的纳米金结合,制备了一种免疫传感器（Ab／GNPs／POPD／GE）,并对实验条件进行了优化。该传感器能够对抗原（小鼠IgG）进行定量检测,具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、检测范围宽等优良性能。其检测范围为4．0×10^-～1．0×10^-3ng／mL,检测下限为1．0×10^-3ng／mL．而且该免疫传感器具有较高的选择性和较好的稳定性,寿命可达15d左右。     

水平梯度表面能材料表面上的液滴运动

通过化学气相沉积的方法（CVD），利用十二烷基三氯硅烷（C12H25Cl3Si）在硅基板表面上的自扩散方式，形成单分子自聚合薄膜，在硅基板上制取了梯度表面能表面．采用原子力显微镜对梯度表面能材料表面微观结构进行了测量．通过躺滴法，获得了梯度表面能材料水平表面上的微量液滴接触角的分布，并以此表征材料表面能的分布．使用高速摄像仪对液滴在水平放置的梯度表面能材料表面上的运动规律进行了测量．实验表明：水平放置的梯度表面能材料表面可驱使液滴从憎水侧向亲水侧迁移，单个液滴的运动速度最大可达40mm／s,液滴在梯度表面能材料表面的运动一般可分为加速运动区和减速运动区；当液滴峰值速度较小而减速运动较大时，液滴运动会呈现蠕动的现象．     

Fe3O4核桃形球状颗粒和八面体微晶结构的可控合成与磁学性质

通过K4[Fe（CN）6]与K3[Fe（CN）6]在NaOH溶液中180℃水热反应12h得到Fe3O4核桃形球状颗粒和八面体微晶结构,并通过控制乙二醇的加入量可控合成了单一形貌的Fe3O4八面体微晶结构。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜对产物进行表征,并在室温下测试了它们的磁学性能,结果表明,Fe3O4核桃形球状颗粒和八面体微晶结构为单晶立方相结构,其尺寸分别约为2．2～8．6μm和1．6～12．5μm,矫顽力（Hc）分别为150．57Oe和75．28Oe,饱和磁化强度（Ms）分别为97．634emu／g和101．90emu／g,剩余磁化强度（Mr）分别为12．05emu／g和6．69emu／g。通过改变溶液中碱的浓度可实现不同尺寸核桃形球状颗粒的可控合成．研究了乙二醇在Fe3O4八面体的形成过程中起着关键作用,并提出了其可能的生长机理。     

新型复合水合物抑制剂的合成与应用

摘要低剂量水合物抑制剂替代热力学抑制剂应用在油气开采和集输过程中已成为石油天然气工业的一种趋势．而国内相应的水合物抑制剂产品的工业化生产和相应的应用几乎没有．本文通过实验摸索开发出一种复合水合物抑制剂（HY-1），并通过室内实验评价了该抑制剂对四氢呋喃（THF）水合物抑制效果．结果表明，反应温度为60。C，反应时间为6h，单体与溶剂配比为1：2，引发剂用量为1％时生产出来的样品对气体水合物具有最佳的动力学抑制效果．在此基础上对该抑制剂进行中试放大，并将工业级产品（HY．10）成功应用到气田天然气生产过程中．中试样品其抑制性能较室内合成有略微减弱，仍然好于国外同类产品．在陕北长庆气田现场试验的应用过程中，2％的抑制剂即可以起到良好的水合物抑制效果．通过对各种抑制剂使用的经济性分析，使用HY一10具有明显的优势．     

急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病大鼠模型的建立

目的探讨建立适合实验研究需要的急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病大鼠模型。方法64只雄性sD大鼠,随机分成空气对照组（AC组）和模型组（CO组）,每纽32只。采用静态吸入式染毒,选取染毒后3、7、14、28d为时相点,应用Morris水迷宫实验检测平均潜伏期等学习记忆能力,Tunel法检测海马回神经元凋亡。结果CO组大鼠较AC组平均潜伏期延长（F=35．93,P〈0．01）,海马回神经元凋亡指数增高（P〈0．01）。结论本实验成功建立了可行性较高的急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病大鼠模型,为进一步研究其发病机制和防治方法提供比较好的基础。     

基于满分集空时分组码的非相干空时码设计

基于满分集空时分组码，提出了一种可获得满代数分集的非酉非相干空时编码方案，通过将其“等效”为酉空时码，对该编码的误码性能进行了优化．同时，通过充分利用文中编码方案的结构，提出了复杂度较低的分组广义似然比检验GLRT（generalized likelihood ratio test）解码算法，与现有酉空时码相比，仿真实验表明，此方案虽在信噪比方面略有损失，但其频谱效率较高，且GLRT分组解码算法能够对复杂度和性能进行较好的折衷。     

Inherent properties and statistics with individual particles in quantum mechanics

This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the distinctive features of quantum statistics are exclusively determined by the nature of the properties it describes. In particular, all statistically relevant properties of identical quantum particles in many-particle systems are conjectured to be irreducible, ‘inherent’ properties only belonging to the whole system. This allows one to explain quantum statistics without endorsing the ‘Received View’ that particles are non-individuals, or postulating that quantum systems obey peculiar probability distributions, or assuming that there are primitive restrictions on the range of states accessible to such systems. With this, the need for an unambiguously metaphysical explanation of certain physical facts is acknowledged and satisfied.     

Spasmin-like proteins in various ciliates revealed by antibody to purified spasmins ofCarchesium polypinum

Summary It was found that some ciliates,Stentor, Spirostomum andBlepharisma, which can contract rapidly like the stalks of Vorticellidae, have Ca²⁺-binding proteins that are very similar to spasmins, in the immunological sense. The presence of spasmins in other Protozoa and in some Metazoa was also investigated.     

Partial sequence of the gene for a serine protease from a halophilic archaeumhaloferax mediterranei R4, and nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from several halophilic archaea

A part of the gene coding for a halophilic serine protease from a halophilic archaeumHaloferax mediterranei R4 was amplified by PCR and its 672 nucleotide sequence was determined. Tentative translation to the amino acid sequence suggested that the enzyme was quite similar to halolysin produced by another halophilic archaeum strain 172P1. Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from 9 halophilic archaea were determined. Alignment of 19 sequences known so far showed that there are more than 20 positions carrying bases or deletions specific for each halobacterial genus:Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, andHalococcus.     

Endorcine cells producing regulatory peptides

Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.     

Cognition wars

In what kinds of physical systems can cognition be realized? There are currently competing answers among scientists and theorists of cognition. There are many plant scientists who maintain that cognition can be realized in plants. There are biological scientists who maintain that cognition is materially realized in bacteria. In this paper, I will present the basis for such claims and evaluate them and discuss the future for theories of the metaphysical basis of cognition in the cognitive sciences.     

Anthelmintic activity of a benzimidazoline compound in sheep by abomasal infusion

Summary In vitro and in vivo data on the benzimidazoline compound indicate anthelmintic potential when introduced directly into the abomasum.     

Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

Mating attempts between the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), involve a common sex pheromone composition

It has been suggested that a common sex pheromone composition may account for interspecific sexual interactions observed with certain moths in the Arctiidae. In this study, it is demonstrated that the sex pheromones released by females of the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L., have similar activities and elute at the same retention time on analysis by coupled gas chromatography (GC)-electrophysiology with males from each species. Peak enhancement on GC, chiral GC and coupled GC-mass spectrometry using authentic compounds show that the sex pheromone for bothC. dominula andT. jacobaeae is (3Z,6Z,9S,10R)-9,10-epoxyheneicosa-3,6-diene.     

Phenology of fruit and leaf production by ‘strangler’ figs on Barro Colorado Island,Panamá

Summary Fruit and leaf initiation by 26 trees representing five stranglerFicus species in the subgenusUrostigma were monitored for 5–8 years in a seasonal lowland forest of central Panamá. Individual trees of each species initiated fruit in synchronized crops. High variation in the number of crops, intervals between crops and dates of crop initiation indicate that these species, like species in the subgenusPharmacosycea, initiate fruit crops the year around. Nevertheless, mean crop initiation dates for four of five species fell within the four-month dry season. Similarly, all species produced new leaf flushes throughout the year, however, mean leaf flush dates of all species fell within the first three months of the dry season.