具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

电能自动远抄系统的电量采集与计费软件的设计

随着电力事业的迅速发展，电能量由人工采集和计费转向计算机系统进行远程自动采集和计费，针对远程采集与计费管理系统的特点，对系统的硬件和软件实现进行设计和规划，系统的硬件采用扩频低压载波表 集中器 上位机，软件采用Powerbuilder7.0 SQL Server7.0。     

三维空间中的物像几何关系与计算

根据物像正切定律导出了平面影像的4种测算方法,阐述了不同空间资态下的物像形状关系,分别设计同了矩形,球体和圆的空间姿态图,推导出它们的三度坐标计算公式,为用计算机提供平面图像奠定了基础。     

中短冷弯薄壁轴压构件承载力计算

分别基于有效截面法和直接强度法并以各国的规范为例,针对轴心受压构件承载力进行了对比分析,对比得出：有效截面法适用于简单截面的形式,且计算简便,对于复杂截面的形式,其计算形式复杂且准确程度不易保证;对于直接强度法中弹性局部临界屈曲应力的计算,采用解析和数值两种计算方法的结合,这两种计算方法的结合可以解决复杂截面形式的临界屈曲应力的计算问题.在数值计算方法中,对于弹性屈曲临界应力的计算,应用较多的为有限条程序CUFSM,但其受边界约束条件和变截面形式的限制.     

焦化产品的生成、产率及焦炭质量预测

阐述了煤的成焦过程及影响焦炭质量的因素，分析了炼焦产品产率的计算及预测焦炭质量的计算     

大众与运动员营养的计算程序设计

为解决在膳食营养方面繁杂的计算问题,作以Windows98为平台,以Visua1 Basic为开发语言,开发了“大众与运动员营养的计算程序”,并在本系统中采用了线性规划法和目标规划法,能够对膳食方案进行科学的优化。该系统无论是应用于教学过程还是营养实践中,都能起到重要的作用。     

最小生态径流的内涵及计算方法研究

从生态学的角度出发,论述生态环境用水的重要组成部分——最小生态径流的概念及其计算方法．列举了国内外最小生态径流的各种计算方法,如国外的最小连续30d平均流量法、7Q10法、Tennant法、R2CROSS法、河道湿周法和IFIM法,国内的环境功能设定法和水质目标约束法等．结合现有国内外的各种最小生态径流计算方法,针对生态水文的实际情况,提出了新的计算方法——逐月最小生态径流计算法和逐月频率计算法．利用洛河和伊河的天然径流资料,对不同方法计算结果的合理性进行比较分析．     

差积三角形法在水文计算中的应用

差积三角形法计算流域平均两量是水文计算中的一种新的方法,尚未应用于生产实际。本文利用此法对辽宁省大洋河流域岫岩断面以上四个雨量站在1985年8月18~21日连续4天的实测降雨资料进行分析,计算其面平均雨量,并以此面平均雨量推求该次降雨的地表径流深,取得了令人满意的计算精度。     

电厂钢圆煤斗壁厚计算及分析

钢圆煤斗是大型火力发电厂主厂房一个重要的构筑物，但现行的国家及部门规程规范中对锅煤斗壁厚计算无针对性的设计条文，工程设计工具书上对煤斗壁厚的计算亦不完善，只有漏斗没有筒身的计算。文章用工程实例，分析了钢圆煤斗的壁厚计算方法。     

长悬臂行车道板计算在新旧桥规下的内力分析及其比较

新的桥梁设计规范中汽车荷载的较大改变使得长悬臂行车道板的计算有所变化。文章结合新旧桥规的相关规定以及长悬臂行车道板计算理论,对行车道板内力进行分析并对结果进行了比较,得到了一些相关计算中应该引起注意的结论。     

高斯投影坐标换带和子午线收敛角计算编程

针对测量工作中人工进行高斯投影、坐标换带和平面子午线收敛角计算非常麻烦又容易出错的问题，采用迭代法趋近求值，用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编制了相应的计算机程序，实现了上述计算。该程序可用于便携式ＰＣ－１５０１计算机，输入简便，能直接得到通用的坐标和数据。实践结果表明：其计算精度合乎要求，计算速度比人工计算提高几百倍。