黄铁矿促进黄铜矿微生物浸出影响因素

采用摇瓶实验,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f)浸出黄铁矿--黄铜矿,重点研究了基础培养基、矿物配比和粒度组成等因素的影响.黄铁矿能促进黄铜矿的微生物浸出,以采用无Fe 9K培养基效果较好,它对应铜浸出率是9K培养基的1.68倍;采用宽粒级矿物时铜浸出效果较好,且铜浸出率与黄铁矿和黄铜矿的质量比有关,当质量比为2∶2时铜浸出率最高可达45.58%;黄铁矿含量大小是影响铜浸出率高低的实质,当质量比小于等于5∶2时以At.f菌的氧化作用为主,当质量比为10∶2时以硫化矿间的原电池效应为主.浸渣的X射线衍射分析表明,采用无Fe 9K培养基时浸渣中生成的钝化物黄钾铁矾较少,故黄铁矿可以很好地替代9K培养基中的FeSO4,并能与黄铜矿形成原电池效应,从而促进铜的浸出.     

Investigation on leaching of malachite by citric acid

Leaching of an oxidized copper ore containing malachite, as a new approach, was investigated by an organic reagent, citric acid. Sulfuric acid is the most common reagent in the leaching of oxide copper ores, but it has several side effects such as severe adverse impact on the environment. In this investigation, the effects of particle size, acid concentration, leaching time, solid/liquid ratio, temperature, and stirring speed were optimized. According to the experimental results, malachite leaching by citric acid was technically feasible. Optimum leaching conditions were found as follows:the range of particle size, 105-150 μm; acid concentration, 0.2 M; leaching time, 30 min; solid/liquid ratio, 1:20 g/mL; temperature, 40℃; and stirring speed, 200 r/min. Under the optimum conditions, 91.61% of copper was extracted.     

Kinetic modeling of copper bioleaching from low-grade ore from the Shahrbabak Copper Complex

The copper recovery from low-grade copper sulfide ore was investigated using microbial leaching. Several parameters substantially affect the bioleaching of copper; among them, pulp density and nutrient media were selected for investigation. The optimum conditions for copper recovery were a pulp density of 5 g/mL, a mixed-mineral salt medium of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (70vol%) and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (30vol%), and 10vol% of inoculum. Under these conditions, the maximum bioleaching capacity of the medium for copper recovery was determined to be approximately 99%. The effect of pulp density on the kinetics of the bioleaching process was surveyed using both da Silva's method and constrained multilinear regression analysis. The kinetics of copper dissolution followed the shrinking core model, and the process was diffusion controlled at a pulp density of 5 g/mL. Nevertheless, at higher pulp densities, the process was controlled by chemical reaction.     

次生硫化铜矿微生物浸出实验

微生物浸矿是提取低品位,难选次生硫化铜矿中有价元素的最有效方法之一.本研究利用嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans)浸取福建某难选次生硫化铜矿,依次开展浸矿菌富集培养实验、驯化转代实验和不同粒径配比下柱浸试验,获得了不同阶段的细菌浓度、pH值、铜浸出率等演变规律;并结合电子计算机断层扫描技术实现了柱内矿堆塌落、截面孔隙演化和浸矿机理研究.研究表明:细菌浓度和pH值均呈现缓慢增加后趋降低的趋势,浸柱中细菌增殖较慢,浸矿480 h后,细菌浓度仅为每毫升5×107个.浸矿过程中,细颗粒趋于向柱底迁移,矿堆出现塌落;柱顶孔隙率变大,增幅为6.65%,柱底孔隙率变小,降幅为8.29%;塌落程度与细粒含量成正比,最小塌落为1.7 mm,最大塌落为6.15 mm.入堆矿石粒径极大影响着柱浸体系的浸出效果.实验中柱浸B组(粒径r<1 mm占28.41%)浸矿效果最佳,浸矿480 h后铜浸出率达47.23%.     

银沙槐种子表面消毒技术及无菌萌发条件研究

为获得银沙槐种子表面消毒的最佳方法及无菌萌发的最适条件,采用不同消毒剂和不同培养基对种子消毒方法和消毒后种子无菌萌发条件进行了研究。结果表明：种子消毒的最佳方法为自来水冲洗2—3次（振荡5rain／次）,蒸馏水冲洗3次（振荡5min／次）,75％酒精预处理12min,无菌水冲洗1次,5％NaClO溶液消毒15min,最后用无菌水冲洗6—8次。发芽率可达64％,并彻底无污染;在MS、1／2MS、1／4MS、PDA及不同成分PDA的固体和液体培养基中,除MS外,种子在液体培养基中的萌发率要高于固体培养基,最适萌发培养基为MS固体培养基,其次是PDA（含葡萄糖）液体培养基,提示培养基中水分和营养成分可能共同影响银沙槐种子的萌发率。     

Microbial leaching of chromite overburden from Sukinda mines, Orissa, India using Aspergillus niger

Leaching of nickel and cobalt from two physical grades (S1, 125–190 μm, coarser and S3, 53–75 μm, finer) of chromite overburden was achieved by treating the overburden (2% pulp density) with 21-d culture filtrate of an Aspergillus niger strain grown in sucrose medium. Metal dissolution increases with ore roasting at 600°C and decreasing particle size due to the alteration of microstructural properties involving the conversion of goethite to hematite and the increase in surface area and porosity as evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (DT-TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). About 65% Ni and 59% Co were recovered from the roasted S3 ore employing bioleaching against 26.87% Ni and 31.3% Co using an equivalent amount of synthetic oxalic acid under identical conditions. The results suggest that other fungal metabolites in the culture filtrate played a positive role in the bioleaching process, making it an efficient green approach in Ni and Co recovery from lateritic chromite overburden.     

含砷低品位硫化铜矿生物堆浸工业试验

福建紫金山含砷低品位硫化铜矿年产300tCu和1000tCu生物堆浸工业试验结果表明:铜浸出率随着矿石粒度的减小而提高,矿石粒度为-30mm,浸出周期为270d,铜的浸出率达到80.58%;铜萃取率和电积电流效率随着浸出液pH值的降低和电积液中铁的质量浓度的增加而降低,当浸出液pH值下降到1.19时,铜萃取率下降到了50%;通过增加堆高、定期中和萃余液、增加负载有机相洗涤和活性炭+沙滤+气浮塔脱除电积原液中有机物等工艺改进后,降低了萃取剂、煤油和电能的消耗量,提高了铜的浸出速率,浸出周期为200d,铜浸出率为81.31%,铜萃取--电积的耗电量为2679.98kW.h.t-1,高纯阴极铜生产成本1.05万元.t-1.     

铜／钢液固相复合工艺的实验研究

用液-固相复合法制备铜包钢线，并研究了预热温度、铜液温度和复合时间等工艺参数对铜包钢线的包覆比的影响．结果表明，在接触初期，随着接触时间的增加，铜层厚度和包覆比增加，当热流达到平衡时，包覆比达到最大，最大可达77％，之后包覆比逐渐减小．钢芯线预热温度和铜液温度的升高使包覆比下降，重熔时间缩短．     

除草剂广灭灵脲醛树脂微胶囊剂的研制

研究了以水为介质的原位聚合法制备以脲醛树脂为壁材的除草剂广灭灵微胶囊的反应工艺。讨论了芯皮质量比、缩聚反应介质的pH值、酸化时间对微胶囊的包埋率、缓释性、结构、粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明,芯皮质量比为1?1.5,终点pH值为3.5,酸化时间为3 h时,可制得结构紧密、包埋率为26.7%、粒径分布均匀且粒径在1μm左右的流动性球形缓释性固体微胶囊。     

悬浊液进样原子吸收法测定茶叶中铜和锰的研究

本文介绍了一种操作简单、省时的茶叶中铜、锰的快速分析方法.经烘干、粉碎后的茶叶样品在60%甘油——水体系中制成均匀的悬浊液,然后直接被引入石墨杯原子化器内,进行原子吸收测定.作者对用该法测定茶叶中的铜、锰的各种实验条件进行了充分研究,包括悬浊液体系的组成,茶叶样品颗粒大小的影响及石墨炉升温程序等.实验结果表明,该法除具有粉末直接进样原子吸收法的各种优点外,还保持了溶液进样法的精度高等许多特点.该法不仅可用于茶叶中金属元素的快速分析,同样还可用于其它样品中各种元素的测定.     

悬浊液进样原子吸收法测定茶叶中铜和锰的研究

本文介绍了一种操作简单、省时的茶叶中铜、锰的快速分析方法。经烘干、粉碎后的茶叶样品在60％甘油——水体系中制成均匀的悬浊液,然后直接被引入石墨杯原子化器内,进行原子吸收测定。作者对用该法测定茶叶中的铜、锰的各种实验条件进行了充分研究,包括悬浊液体系的组成,茶叶样品颗粒大小的影响及石墨炉升温程序等。实验结果表明,该法除具有粉末直接进样原子吸收法的各种优点外,还保持了溶液进样法的精度高等许多特点。该法不仅可用于茶叶中金属元素的快速分析,同样还可用于其它样品中各种元素的测定。     

铜离子耐受菌的筛选及其吸附特性研究

本研究旨在筛选出能够在较高铜离子浓度下生长并吸附铜离子的菌株,并对其吸附特性进行研究,以期为微生物处理重金属污染废水提供可靠的技术支持。本实验充分利用环境对微生物的胁迫作用,选择被铜离子污染的土壤,放入锥形瓶中并用水稀释后取上清夜涂布于含铜离子的4种培养基(即细菌、霉菌、放线菌和真菌固体培养基)。经过划线分离得到单菌落,从中挑选耐受能力最强的菌株,对其进行菌种16SrDNA鉴定及生长、吸附条件的优化。结果筛选到一株对铜离子耐受达到19 000mg/L的菌株,经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌,优化吸附条件后其对溶液中铜离子吸附率可以达到72%。实验筛选到的菌株具有改善和治理铜离子污染废水的潜力。     

香精微胶囊粒径及其分布的影响因素研究

研究了原位聚合法制备玫瑰香精微胶囊时,乳化条件、皮芯比、酸化时间及反应温度对微胶囊粒径及其分布的影响。实验结果表明:用高剪切混合乳化机对芯材进行乳化,均质速度为10000r/min,均质时间为10min,取w(皮材)=9%,酸化时间为3h,终点pH值为1.5,固化温度为70℃,可制得包覆良好、粒径分布均匀且平均粒径小于3.5μm的流动性固体微胶囊。     

微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的产酶条件优化

以假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp．）TS1138为供试菌株，对微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的条件进行了初步研究。通过对产酶培养基中的碳氮源进行研究，得到了TS1138菌株产酶的最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和尿素，DL—ATC的最适添加量为5g／L；通过对产酶培养基的产酶条件进行研究，得出了最适的种子接种量为10％，产酶培养基的最适初始pH为8．0，500mL三角瓶的最适装液量为40mL。     

粘盖牛肝菌菌丝发酵养条件研究

研究了武陵山粘盖牛肝菌菌丝体的液体培养基和培养条件.结果显示,粘盖牛肝菌菌丝体液体发酵的最适培养基为:玉米粉4.0%,麸皮5.0%,磷酸二氢钾0.10%,硫酸镁0.05%;最适培养条件为:培养液pH 6.0,装液量75 mL.250 mL-1三角瓶,接种量9.0%,培养温度28℃,摇床转速170 r.min-1,培养时间6 d.在此培养条件下,粘盖牛肝菌菌丝体生长好,菌丝体产量达到(0.414 8±0.009 0)g.l00 mL-1.     

紫金山铜矿浸出过程黄铁矿的氧化行为

针对紫金山铜矿堆浸过程中,在辉铜矿和铜蓝等有用矿物浸出的同时,有黄铁矿被大量浸出,造成浸出液中Fe3 浓度过高的现状,研究了细菌浸出黄铁矿的氧化行为和机理,重点考察了Fe3 的化学氧化以及细菌浸出黄铁矿过程的影响因素.研究结果表明,在有菌条件下,pH值为1.6时,混合矿浸出初期,黄铁矿的浸出率仅为5%～8%;随着浸出时间的增加,氧化还原电位升高,浸出15d后,氧化还原电位上升到500mV以上时,黄铁矿的浸出率可达25%.说明氧化还原电位是细菌浸出黄铁矿过程的重要影响因素.机理研究表明,细菌浸出黄铁矿是以间接反应为主,细菌在黄铁矿表面的吸附对黄铁矿的浸出具有协同作用.     

原位聚合法制备异恶草酮微胶囊的预聚合成工艺研究

对以脲醛树脂为壁材、用原位聚合法制备除草剂异恶草酮微胶囊的预聚合成工艺进行了研究,考察了单体量比、预聚反应介质pH值、反应温度和时间对微胶囊的结构、包覆效果和包埋率等的影响。结果表明,单体物质的量比n(脲)∶n(甲醛)=1∶2.0、预聚反应pH值为8.0、预聚反应温度为70℃、反应时间为60 min时,可得到以二羟甲脲为主的水溶性透明黏稠预聚物。用此预聚物进行缩聚反应,可制得结构紧密、包覆良好、包埋率为26.7%的球形缓释性固体微胶囊。     

Dissolution characteristics of sericite in chalcopyrite bioleaching and its effect on copper extraction

The effects of sericite particle size, rotation speed, and leaching temperature on sericite dissolution and copper extraction in a chalcopyrite bioleaching system were examined. Finer particles, appropriate temperature and rotation speed for Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans resulted in a higher Al3+ dissolution concentration. The Al3+ dissolution concentration reached its highest concentration of 38.66 mg/L after 48-d leaching when the sericite particle size, temperature, and rotation speed were -43 μm, 30℃, and 160 r/min, respectively. Meanwhile, the sericite particle size, rotation speed, and temperature can affect copper extraction. The copper extraction rate is higher when the sericite particle size is finer. An appropriately high temperature is favorable for copper leaching. The dissolution of sericite fitted the shrinking core model, 1-(2/3)α-(1-α)2/3=k₁t, which indicates that internal diffusion is the decision step controlling the overall reaction rate in the leaching process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed small precipitates covered on the surface of sericite after leaching, which increased the diffusion resistance of the leaching solution and dissolved ions.     

一株嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌的鉴定及浸矿性能

从西藏甲玛某多金属矿的酸性矿坑水中分离获得一株浸矿细菌(命名为XZ).该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,短杆状,菌体长约1~1.5μm,直径约0.5μm,两端钝圆,能够氧化Fe~(2+)和单质硫,最适生长pH为2.0,最适生长温度为30℃,经过对其生长特性进行研究及16S rRNA基因测序鉴定其为一株嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌.利用XZ菌对西藏某低品位铜矿角岩矿进行了摇瓶浸出试验研究,结果表明,在接种量体积分数为10%,矿浆质量分数为10%,矿石粒度为-45μm占100%,培养温度30℃,振荡强度160 r/min的浸出条件下,经过15 d,Cu~(2+)的浸出率达72.15%.     

膨润土的纯化及脱水过程研究

采用湿法对广西宁明膨润土矿进行提纯，分别考察膨润土原土的粒度、浆液的液固比、搅拌时间及沉降时间对提纯效果的影响，并对产品用酸性无机絮凝剂絮凝沉淀后，再以醇类进行脱水处理。结果表明：当膨润土原矿的粒度为75—85目，浆液的液固比为12，搅拌时间为80min，沉降时间为120min时，可将膨润土原矿中蒙脱石含量从60％提高到83％左右。纯化过程的絮凝沉淀，能有效地分离出膨润土胶体溶液中的大量水分，脱水后提纯土具有良好的分散性。