小议埃及的开放

埃及实行对内放开、对外开放的新政策已经很多年了。在50和60年代,埃及对外国资本和民族资本相继实行国有化,到70年代,政府开始放宽对经济的控制。1974年,埃及议会通过投资法,吸引外资,活跃经济。我在埃及工作的几年,正值埃及的开放政策取得了成果同时又出现了一些问题,各方人士对此议论纷纭。我耳闻目睹,对开放了的埃及经济也颇有印象。一个深刻的印象是,生产得到了加速发展。70年代初埃及经济非常困难,1970—1973年经济增长率每年     

毛泽东对外开放思想及对我国开放政策的影响

新中国建立后，毛泽东对中国经济建设正确认识基础上已初步形成了对外开放的思想，由于国际环境，使这一思想未能进一步发展，重温毛泽东对外开放思想的论述，对当今的开放政策仍有重要的启迪作用。     

贵阳市生态工业园区发展研究

贵阳市作为我国西部大开放政策下省会城市，有着得天独厚的资源优势、无不替代的生态环境和处于发展初期的工业经济，生态工业园区是在保护生态的同时大力发展经济的必经之路。本文对贵阳市生态工业园区现状进行梳理，再次基础上发现问题、提出改进对策。     

地理环境对上古埃及和希腊历史发展的影响

上古埃及和希腊是世界古代史上的两个主要国家,都具有独特的地理环境,以尼罗河为主体的优越的地理环境,促进了上古埃及社会历史的发展;希腊半岛的地理条件则对古希腊奴隶制城邦的政治、经济和化的发展产生一定的影响。     

处于有利地位的埃及

现在中东的形势对埃及是比较有利的。伊拉克的被削弱,使埃及消除了在阿拉伯世界中的一个强劲竞争对手;海湾战争中的合作使埃及密切和巩固了与西方关系,也加强了埃及与中东几个重要国家的关系。目前埃及在中东的作用更为突出了。获得经济实惠海湾战争前后,埃及在政治、外交和军事等方面获得了诸多实惠,特别容易看到的是在经济方面。作为对埃及参战的补偿,美国一笔勾销了埃及所欠的71亿美元的债务,沙特、科威特、阿联酋、卡塔尔四国也免除了埃及欠下的65亿美元债务。今年5月25日,11个西方国家的财长和中央银行行长又     

埃及民族经济的发展

1952年埃及革命胜利后,为了彻底改变本国落后的经济面貌和改善人民的物质和文化生活,埃及政府决定制订发展经济的计划,并在1953年1月3日成立了“发展国民生产常设委员会”。五年来,埃及的经济建设已经取得了显著的成就。1957年7月纳赛尔总统说:“近五年来,埃及工业生产每年增加约10％。”1952年埃及的电力生产只有十二亿度,到1956年已增加到十五亿八千万度;棉纱生产1952年为五万五千六百九十三吨,1956年巳增为七万五千吨;棉织品1952年只有三亿一千七百万公尺,1956年增为四亿零五百万公尺。1956年下半年埃及曾遭受侵略战争的破坏和帝国主义的经济封锁,但全年的电力生产仍较1955年增加12％,钢铁、     

仍被一系列难题缠身

正最大的挑战:经济虽然塞西执政地位稳固,但要引领埃及实现长远发展绝不轻松。其中,发展经济是埃及实现国家复兴的重中之重。尽管塞西政府推出的多项经改措施效果初显,但其维持国家经济正常运转、拉动经济增长的重大举措仍严重仰赖外援和国际借贷,长远来看恐难以为继。说到底,埃及经济不振是长期结构性问题与"阿拉伯之春"后出现的新问题叠加的结果。上世纪70年代,萨达特政府实施开放的经济政策,大量国际资本涌入埃及,埃及逐步形成了侨汇、石油     

埃及经济建设中的可靠朋友

埃及经济发展情况埃及目前虽然还没有确定的经济发展计划,但已有一个粗略的十年发展草图。负责指导经济发展工作的“发展国民生产常设委员会”也在1953年1月成立。这十年发展的资金估计需三亿九千三百万埃镑(1埃镑=1英镑6便士),约相当于埃及一年国民收入的45％。计划的重点放在水利灌溉上(主要是阿斯旺高水坝),占发展计划资金的43％,其次是电力和运输,各占25％和22％。其余10％用来发展工业。对还不是富足的埃及来说,这是一个伟大而豪迈的计划。单就阿斯旺高水坝来说,估计全部工程需款十三亿五千万美元。建成后,将对埃及经济产生巨大的作用:估计每年可以增加国民收入二亿五千五百万埃镑,即比现在的国民收入增加30％左右。埃及从1953年3月开始,在国家的一般预算外另设发展计划预算。从那时候起,到1956—57年度止,四年     

抚今追昔,探悉甘肃经济发展战略

通过对甘肃曾经繁荣和快速发展的三个重要历史时期的简要回顾,探讨了不同历史时期促使甘肃快速发展的重要原因:即古丝绸之路时期,甘肃依托陆路区位优势和重要的战略地位而发展繁荣的贸易业;建国初期因国家实施区域经济平衡发展战略,国家政策向西部倾斜,甘肃因而得到了长足发展;而改革开放初期甘肃的快速发展则主要归因于一系列改革开放政策,极大地解放了生产力。通过对这三个重要历史时期的回顾,从中得以启示,提出甘肃发展商贸流通业的思路,并从制度创新、国家政策、差异化战略、后发优势等方面为这一思路的实现,提出甘肃今后发展中应当着重关注的领域。     

埃及劳务出口潮

自70年代中期以来,埃及掀起了一股劳务出口浪潮。埃及中央动员和统计署在一份报告中说,1976年埃及出国劳务人员就已达142.5万人,而到1984年竟高达344.3万人。这批劳工大部分在阿拉伯国家,主要是伊拉克,沙特及科威特等。此外,还有50万移民主要集中在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚及巴西等4个国家。进入80年代中期以后,埃及劳务出口热开始减弱。这一方面是因为海湾国家石油收入减少,经济出现困难,政府预算减少;另一方面这些国家在过去20年里致力于发展本国教育,已经培养出一大批自己的技术和管理人员。不过专家们认为,埃及劳务出口的下降幅度不会太大,一些国家对埃及劳工的需求还会维持现状或有所回升,特别对科技人员、大型机械和精密仪器的维修人员以及农业和生产型工     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that