共同目击者的错误记忆

共同目击者目击事件后往往会一同讨论发生的事件,而这种讨论影响目击者的记忆准确性,使共同目击者的记忆趋向一致,从而影响目击者证词的有效性。这引起了研究者们的注意,并开始深入研究共同目击者的错误记忆。相关的研究主要集中于共同目击者错误记忆研究的方法、记忆准确性、记忆自信度以及记忆一致性等方面,并对共同目击者错误记忆的产生进行理论解释。这些研究给我们极大启示,并要求我们继续开拓新的研究思路与设想。     

记忆巩固效力研究述评

睡眠的记忆巩固在多大程度上取决于学习材料的类型、学习与提取测验的类型以及睡眠的不同特征？弱编码联系、外显编码的记忆相对于强编码联系、内隐编码的记忆提高得更多;慢波睡眠巩固陈述性记忆而快速眼动睡眠巩固程序性和情绪性记忆;陈述性记忆的提高来自相当短的睡眠时间,程序性记忆的提高似乎更多地取决于学习后当天的睡眠时间长度。     

What can false memory tell us about memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease?

The range of memory impairments associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a focus for psychological and clinical re-searchers for many years. In addition to investigations of AD patients’ veridical memory using traditional recognition memory tasks, a number of recent studies have focused on false memories to reveal the underlying causes of memory impairment in AD. Studies comparing illusory memories between AD patients and healthy older people have revealed various differences in memory deficits between the development of AD and the typical aging processes. Here, we review 3 types of memory illusions tested in AD patients: associative memory illusions, fluency-based false memories and source memory errors. By comparing AD patients with healthy older adults, we sought to analyze the mechanisms underlying AD-related memory impairments at different stages of memory processing, including encoding, retrieval and monitoring. This comparison revealed that AD patients exhibit an impaired ability to establish and utilize gist representations at the encoding stage and impairments in processing on the basis of familiarity and recollection at the retrieval stage. Consequently, patients with AD have access to less information when making memory judgments. As a result, they become more susceptible to the effects of item fluency, which can be manipulated during the retrieval stage. Furthermore, with impaired source memory monitoring abilities, the capacity of AD patients to suppress memory illusions is compromised. Based on these findings, we propose that the study of false memories constitute a critical tool for elucidating the memory impairments involved in AD. Further explorations of these memory impairments will have practical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of AD in the future.     

记忆的年龄及性别差异

不同年龄的记忆差异在哺乳动物中是很普遍的 ,而记忆又具有一定的性别差异 .本文以空间记忆和嗅觉记忆为例 ,综述了记忆的年龄差异和性别差异及其可能的机制 .     

Advancements in organic nonvolatile memory devices

As one of the most promising candidates for next generation storage media, organic memory devices have aroused worldwide research interest in both academia and industry. In recent years, organic memories have experienced rapid progress. We review the development of organic resistive switching memories in terms of structure, characteristics, materials used, and integration. Some basic concepts are discussed, as well as the obstacles hindering the development and possible commercialization of organic memory d...     

ERP dissociation and connection between implicit and explicit memory

ERP dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have been confirmed by a large amount of evidence in theories of human memory. However, similarities between the two forms of memory have scarcely been studied. A possibility is that while implicit memory and explicit memory have independ- ent components, they might additionally have shared components. To explore this question, an ERP experiment was conducted with a study-to-test paradigm, in which participants performed a "shallow" (color) study task or a "deep" (pleasant) study task, followed by either a lexical decision (implicit) test (Section 1) or a recognition (explicit) test (Section 2). An interference task was performed concurrently with either the encoding or the retrieval phase of the memory task for encoding interference condition or retrieval interference condition. We compared ERP signatures of implicit and explicit memory as a function of depth of processing or interference. Under the action of the same variables, 300―500 ms old/new ERP effects of implicit and explicit memory showed the same trend. These effects maybe all link with a perceptual representational system. 500―700 ms old/new ERP effects of the two memories were dissociated. They may probably reflect voluntary and involuntary recollection respectively. These results suggested that implicit and explicit memories are not completely independent of each other, but have both independent and shared components.     

Nonvolatile memory devices based on organic field-effect transistors

Among the many possible device configurations for organic memory devices,organic field-effect transistor (OFET) memory is an emerging technology with the potential to realize lightweight,low-cost,flexible charge storage media.In this feature article,the recent progress in the classes of OFET-based memory,including floating gate OFET memory,polymer electret OFET memory,ferroelectric OFET memory and several other kinds of OFET memories with unique configurations,are introduced.Finally,the prospects and problems of OFETs memory are discussed.     

非易失性高速存储器FM1808的应用技术

传统的非易失性存储器 E2 PROM和 FL ASH的写入速度都很慢 ,但 FRAM突破了这个缺陷 ,它是一种可以高速写入的非易失性存储器。在说明了 FRAM的存储原理的基础上 ,通过具体的数据对比说明了 FRAM的优点。介绍了 FM1 80 8在快速采集雷管电点火头温升曲线数据中的应用     

闪速存储器在智能仪器中的应用

介绍"闪速存储器"的工作原理、特点.串行闪速存储器X76F100和单片机接口电路.并详细论述串行闪速存储器在智能仪器中的应用和软件设计.     

有效利用片上分块存储器

为了提高嵌入式多媒体应用的实时性能,提出了一种最大化数据并行访问以便充分发挥CPU处理能力的片上存储器分配方法。CPU指令的并行数据访问以及CPU与直接存储器存取(DM A)的并行访问都可能导致冲突,片外存储器的慢速存取也会导致CPU流水线停止。根据CPU处理数据的需要分配片上存储器,采用DM A动态地将数据转移到片上,减小存取慢速片外存储器带来的延时;充分利用CPU多条数据总线并行访问多个存储器块的能力和双端口存储器(DARAM)一个周期两次访问的能力,减小存储器带宽的限制。实验结果表明:合理分配存储器,程序执行时间最多减少了48%。存储器分配该方法简单,易于实现。     

中枢记忆性T细胞和效应记忆性T细胞

免疫记忆是适应性免疫应答的重要特征,其细胞学基础的阐明是疫苗开发和疾病预防的关键。近年来的研究表明,记忆性T细胞可以被进一步划分为中枢记忆性T细胞和外周记忆性T细胞2个亚群,它们的分布和功能迥异,在生物学特性上也不尽相同。二者关系的深入探讨对于免疫记忆的认识和疾病防治均具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

An overview of resistive random access memory devices

With recent progress in material science, resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices have attracted interest for nonvolatile, low-power, nondestructive readout, and high-density memories. Relevant performance parameters of RRAM devices include operating voltage, operation speed, resistance ratio, endurance, retention time, device yield, and multilevel storage. Numerous resistive-switching mechanisms, such as conductive filament, space-charge-limited conduction, trap charging and discharging, Schottky Emission, and Pool-Frenkel emission, have been proposed to explain the resistive switching of RRAM devices. In addition to a discussion of these mechanisms, the effects of electrode materials, doped oxide materials, and different configuration devices on the resistive-switching characteristics in nonvolatile memory applications, are reviewed. Finally, suggestions for future research, as well as the challenges awaiting RRAM devices, are given.     

考虑温度记忆效应的形状记忆合金本构模型

近年来在形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,SMA）中发现的由于不完全马氏体逆相变引起的温度记忆效应,在智能材料与结构等领域具有潜在的应用价值,建立克服现存SMA本构模型不能考虑SMA温度记忆效应这一局限性的SMA本构模型具有理论和工程实际意义．本文在前期研究的基础上,基于作者提出的形状记忆因子的概念,综合运用热力学、连续介质力学和马氏体相变学的相关理论,建立了描述SMA的形状记忆因子、应力、温度间关系的形状记忆方程和描述SMA的应变、应力、温度间关系的力学本构方程．由形状记忆方程和力学本构方程构成的SMA本构模型,克服了现存SMA本构模型不能考虑SMA温度记忆效应的局限性．数值结果表明,该SMA本构模型能有效描述经历不完全马氏体逆相变的SMA的热力学行为,可为SMA温度记忆效应的应用研究提供理论基础．     

有效实现内存管理的方法

分析开发过程中常遇的内存泄露和内存越界等问题,提出一种有效的内存管理方案。方案主要包括优化原有的内存管理函数和引入保存内存信息的信息链表两方面。文中还给出基于该方案的具体C语言实现和应用例程。     

Recovery of learning and memory is associated with chromatin remodelling

Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system are often associated with impaired learning and memory, eventually leading to dementia. An important aspect in pre-clinical research is the exploration of strategies to re-establish learning ability and access to long-term memories. By using a mouse model that allows temporally and spatially restricted induction of neuronal loss, we show here that environmental enrichment reinstated learning behaviour and re-established access to long-term memories after significant brain atrophy and neuronal loss had already occurred. Environmental enrichment correlated with chromatin modifications (increased histone-tail acetylation). Moreover, increased histone acetylation by inhibitors of histone deacetylases induced sprouting of dendrites, an increased number of synapses, and reinstated learning behaviour and access to long-term memories. These data suggest that inhibition of histone deacetylases might be a suitable therapeutic avenue for neurodegenerative diseases associated with learning and memory impairment, and raises the possibility of recovery of long-term memories in patients with dementia.     

一种利用内存保护技术实现程序踩内存的检测方法

提出了一种程序踩内存的检测方法。利用内存保护技术,在应用程序申请内存后根据情况将其所申请的内存页面属性设置为只读。如果应用程序发生不当的内存访问,将极有可能踩到属性为只读的内存页面,从而引发内存访问冲突异常。提示发现程序踩内存事件并准确定位错误代码。通过进行针对性的维护操作,达到优化程序、提高软件可靠性和安全性的目的。     

基于两种不同存储方式的大整数运算及性能比较

大整数运算中计算机存储大整数的两种不同方式是顺序存储和链式存储,结合C语言实现大整数基本运算中最复杂的除法运算,研究比较这两种存储方式的性能特点,较好解决了大整数同计算机字长限制之间的矛盾。     

Sleep-dependent memory consolidation

The concept of 'sleeping on a problem' is familiar to most of us. But with myriad stages of sleep, forms of memory and processes of memory encoding and consolidation, sorting out how sleep contributes to memory has been anything but straightforward. Nevertheless, converging evidence, from the molecular to the phenomenological, leaves little doubt that offline memory reprocessing during sleep is an important component of how our memories are formed and ultimately shaped.     

Parietal cortex contributions to information granules following memory consolidation

Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation. Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established, it is not well understood how parietal cortex memory con-solidation for mathematical rules is related to granularity of stored information (i.e., degree of detail or precision). Changes in parietal cortex activity associated with memory consolidation were analyzed using the Ebbinghaus paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Over the course of 1 week, participants learned Boolean arithmetic tasks involving stimulus-response mapping rules containing either low- or high-granularity information. FMRI images were collected on day 1 (i.e., low-granularity condition) and day 7 (i.e., high-granularity condition). The present data suggested that with practice, stored information was converted from a low-granularity to a high-granularity form. By following rule learning, it was hypothesized that the process of consolidation would involve an increased degree of rule representation granularity. Evidence for this process was reflected in parietal cortex activity. This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that mnemonic reconstruction in the parietal cortex is required for memory consolidation, and results suggested that information granules are formed during memory consolidation. The present results could increase the understanding of the relationship between memory consolidation and information granularity.     

基于空间局部性的PCM和DRAM混合内存页面调度算法简

提出一种新的PCM（phase change memory,相变内存）和DRAM混合内存构架页面调度算法CLOCK-S。该算法根据一个内存页的读写属性以及相邻页的空间局部性,把该页调度到不同的存储器中,从而达到减少对PCM的写操作,延长其寿命的目的。该算法利用各个存储器的优点,避免其缺点。实验表明,相较于传统页面调度CLOCK算法,该算法可减少对PCM的写操作平均达10％。