原位自生成TiC／Ti－6A1复合材料的高温氧化

利用热重分析仪测量了原位自生成技术制备的TiC／Ti-6Al复合材料高温连续氧化增重特性．结果表明，原位自生成TiC／Ti基复合材料在高温氧化时遵循抛物线规律，氧化增重在1073K时远大于873K和973K时，计算获得该复合材料的氧化激活能为255．7kJ／mol．研究发现，873K和973K时形成的氧化物是不连续的岛状分布，而在1073K时，氧化物已形成均匀连续的膜，这是由于复合材料的氧化首先发生在TiC颗粒的表面上，而不是像均质材料一样在整个表面上均匀地发生．     

炭/炭复合材料在1 680℃的抗氧化

目的研究C/C复合材料在1 680℃高温条件下的抗氧化性能。方法采用原位生成法在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-WSi2/MoSi2抗氧化复合涂层,研究该涂层在1 680℃高温下的抗氧化性能。结果该复合涂层在氧化初期对C/C复合材料有优异的抗氧化保护作用,氧化12 h带有该涂层的C/C试样仍然增重(0.49%),但氧化至36 h时,涂层试样失重达14.5%。结论涂层的失效是因为SiO2玻璃保护膜在1 680℃下不能长时间完整存在,促使涂层中穿透性裂纹的形成,导致氧直接向基体扩散所致。     

石墨烯基TiO_2复合材料的表征及其可见光催化活性研究

以氧化石墨烯与石墨烯为碳源,在熔盐介质中与钛粉反应原位生成石墨烯基TiC中间产物,并通过后续控制氧化制得石墨烯基TiO_2复合光催化剂,结合FTIR、XRD、Raman、SEM等手段,对两种石墨烯材料的结构及形貌差异进行表征,并分析了其对所制复合材料结构、形貌及可见光催化活性的影响。结果表明,所制复合材料仍保持碳源的层片状结构,TiC和TiO_2颗粒均匀包覆在碳源表面;以石墨烯为碳源更有利于表面原位生成TiC晶粒的生长,其晶体结构更为完善;两种结构的石墨烯基TiO_2复合材料均对目标污染物亚甲基蓝有较强的吸附能力和可见光降解能力。     

表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金高温氧化行为的影响

表面粗糙度作为重要的参数,对合金高温氧化膜剥落有重要影响.为此,研究表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金氧化20 h内的氧化动力学及氧化膜剥落行为的影响.通过热重法绘制动力学曲线,可以看出2.5 μm砂纸磨痕的合金氧化速率明显低于90 μm砂纸磨痕的氧化速率.利用扫描电镜观察氧化膜表面形貌,显示粒状的氧化物在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成,而刻面状的氧化物在90 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面形成.XRD分析表面,在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成的氧化物为Cr2O3,在90 μm砂纸磨痕表面形成的氧化物为NiO.结果表明：平滑的Ni-20Cr合金表面有利于生成保护性的Cr2O3而不发生脱落,具有优良的抗氧化性能.     

氧化亚铁颗粒氢还原过程的结构演变

采用热重法实验研究了773~1273 K氧化亚铁的等温氢还原动力学,发现873 K温度以上,反应动力学曲线有明显转折,说明反应机理发生了变化.在973~1073 K的温度范围,出现了反常的温度效应,即反应速率随温度升高而减小.为讨论产物结构对反应动力学的影响,分别对不同温度的反应产物,以及一定温度不同还原状态(不同反应时间)的产物进行形貌观察.结果显示,随着反应温度升高,还原产物表面的孔洞增多,枝状特征显著增加,而973 K和1023 K时表面的烧结现象明显.一定温度下,随着反应进行,表面的孔洞增多,并逐渐出现烧结.973 K和1023 K温度条件下反应产物大体保留原来的大颗粒外形,而1173 K时还原2 min开始,就大量出现枝状产物,并逐渐烧结.结合产物形貌变化和反应动力学曲线,反应前期为界面化学反应控速,随着反应进行,还原的金属铁发生烧结现象,致密的结构阻碍了产物气体向外扩散,反应控速环节转变为产物气体的外扩散,还原速率也随之降低.     

AlSi涂层的制备及其在空气中800℃下氧化行为的研究

采用先电弧离子镀再真空热处理的方法在耐热钢T91合金表面形成了2种AlSi扩散涂层。T91和2种AlSi扩散涂层在800℃空气中的等温氧化结果显示T91的氧化动力学近似服从直线规律而2种AlSi涂层均近似服从抛物线规律;T91在800℃空气中等温氧化时其表面生成了一层很厚且具有尖晶石结构不具有保护性的FeCr混合氧化物层;然而T91表面施加2种AlSi涂层后能显著降低其氧化增重,原因是高温氧化后在2种涂层表面均生成了一层连续、致密、与涂层结合良好且具有高温防护性的Al_2O_3氧化膜,因而对基体合金起到了良好的防护作用。     

原位混杂增强钛基复合材料的制备与组织分析

理论上分析了由Ti-B4C-C系原位自生制备TiB晶须(TiBw)和TiC颗粒(TiCp)混杂增强钛基复合材料的可行性. 运用热分析方法(DSC)研究了一定量的钛粉、碳化硼粉与碳粉的混合粉末在加热过程中的反应情况. 结果显示复合材料原始粉末加热过程中在940～1 150 ℃这一温度范围内发生剧烈的放热现象,有可能生成了新相. XRD检测分析结果显示在烧结态材料中形成了TiB与TiC,而且TiC的含量随所添加的C含量增加而增加. OM与SEM分析表明复合材料中存在棒状TiB晶须和近似等轴状TiC颗粒两种不同形态的增强体,并且两种增强种体均匀的分布在基体中. 实验结果表明,可以采用反应热压法由Ti-B4C-C系制备原位自生TiB晶须和TiC颗粒混杂增强的钛基复合材料.     

TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的热变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上对原位生成TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料进行热压缩实验,研究变形温度为700～950℃,应变速率为0.001～1s-1时的热变形行为.研究结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对流变应力有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增加而升高.原位生成钛基复合材料在(α+β)相区激活能为357.09kJ/mol,β相区激活能为227.18k.J/mol,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建其高温塑性变形的本构关系.根据动态材料模型,建立原位生成钛基复合材料的加工图,并确定热变形的流变失稳区域.     

Al3Ti和TiC/Al3Ti激光熔覆涂层的高温氧化和浸泡腐蚀性能

采用激光熔覆技术在铝合金表面制备了Al3Ti金属间化合物和TiC颗粒增强Al3Ti基复合材料涂层,对比分析了两种涂层的高温氧化和浸泡腐蚀性能。结果表明:在稍低于铝合金熔点(600℃)循环氧化70h后,两种涂层均没有明显的氧化增重,显示出较强的抗氧化性。氧化温度为900℃时,涂层的氧化增重呈抛物线规律增长,且复合材料涂层的抗氧化性低于Al3Ti涂层。在NaCl质量分数为3.5%的溶液中浸泡15天后,复合材料涂层的腐蚀程度最轻,涂层中的硬质相Al3Ti和TiC抑制了点蚀的扩展,但两种涂层均提高了铝合金的抗腐蚀性能。     

MgO/Si3N4复合材料表面致密层的形成机理

研究发现MgO/Si3N4复合材料具有自阻碍氧化的性能,氧化时其表面能自发生成一层阻碍进一步氧化和提高抗侵蚀的致密层,添加Al,Si可以加厚、加宽致密层.在此基础上,研究了无添加剂和添加Al,Si的致密层的形成机理、组成和结构.提出转换氧分压为衡量气态氧化物SiO和Al2O的逸出标准,并确定气态的SiO或Al2O可以在氧化层内部生成以及由于它们在表面的再氧化和反应使表层内形成了致密层的机理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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