采用路面识别方法的重型救援车辆主动悬架控制策略

针对重型救援车辆在复杂路况行驶时存在的行驶平顺性差及操纵不稳定等问题,提出了采用路面识别方法的重型救援车辆主动悬架控制策略。识别方法以不同等级路面激励引起的相对路面粗糙度为依据,通过建立T-S型模糊控制规则实现路面等级识别;控制策略根据识别的路面等级、非簧载质量、簧载质量、悬架刚度、悬架阻尼和轮胎刚度,设计最优H∞控制器参数矩阵,计算主动悬架作动力,实现主动悬架在不同等级路面行驶时的自适应控制。试验结果表明:采用路面识别方法的主动悬架控制系统能够通过调节鲁棒控制器参数矩阵,自适应地控制悬架刚度和阻尼,提高了不同路面行驶条件下的平顺性与操纵稳定性;在不同等级路面情况下与被动悬架相比,簧载质量加速度均方根值减小了20%以上,且在4～8Hz频段内,簧载质量加速度幅值均小于被动悬架。     

车速变化对车辆平顺性的影响

为研究车速变化对车辆平顺性的影响,建立了考虑车速变化时纵向惯性力影响与白噪声频率时变的路面随机输入1/2车悬架动力学模型.其中,白噪声频率时变的路面输入模型是利用Matlab/Simulink软件的Lookup Table模块,针对实时的车辆行驶距离对空间路面随机激励模型查表来获得.数值仿真结果表明:车速变化对轮胎动变形、簧载质量加速度及车身俯仰角加速度指标基本没有影响,但使悬架动挠度指标明显变差,且车速变化越剧烈及悬架刚度越小,上述现象越明显.采用减小车辆质心至0.8倍与增大悬架刚度至1.1倍的改进时,牺牲簧载质量加速度指标6.96％和车身俯仰角加速度指标0.89％,可使前后悬架动挠度指标分别得到20％与17.6％的明显改善.     

簧下调谐系统回收车辆轮胎的垂向振动能量

以考虑轮胎阻尼的四分之一车辆模型为基础,在簧下质量上引入调谐质量系统以回收车辆垂向振动能量。针对所构建的分析模型,推导了系统动力学方程。将路面不平度视为随机速度激励,应用动力吸振器设计的H_2优化方法确定调谐质量系统的参数。为评价调谐质量系统的影响,在车辆动力学性能评价指标之外,基于阻尼耗散及其变化定义了总体耗散能、调谐系统能量回收潜力、车辆阻尼耗散能等指标。针对某车辆参数进行仿真计算,从车辆性能与能量变化等角度探讨了应用簧下调谐系统回收车辆振动能量的可行性,并进行了参数影响分析。结果表明:引入簧下调谐系统能够在改善车辆动力学性能的同时回收来自轮胎和悬架的振动耗散能量。     

汽车悬架液压减振器热机耦合动力学模型

针对汽车悬架液压减振器建立了由路面不平度激励模型、非线性悬架振动模型、考虑温度影响的减振器阻尼力试验数据模型、减振器热动力学模型子模型组成的耦合动力学效应的理论分析模型.通过减振器阻尼力特性试验数据建立了考虑温度影响的非线性阻尼力试验模型,利用减振器发热特性试验数据辨识了减振器热动力学模型参数.利用所建立的耦合动力学理论模型预测了减振器温度上升动态过程,并进行了影响因素的仿真分析.研究表明,减振器的热机耦合效应在高速行驶和较差路面条件下表现突出,而在低速或者良好路面条件下不明显;行驶车速、路面等级、环境温度与减振器周围空气流动速度、悬架非簧载质量、减振器壳体换热面积对减振器发热平衡温度高低具有很大影响,而悬架等效刚度、簧载质量和减振器壳体比热容参数对之影响很小.     

基于路面识别的非线性悬架系统自适应控制

针对非线性悬架系统,基于多目标布谷优化和路面识别算法,研究不同路面等级下悬架非线性系统特性,实现根据路面等级调整控制参数的目的.首先建立四分之一车辆模型,选取电流为优化变量,簧载质量加速度和轮胎动行程为优化目标;然后利用布谷优化算法求取不同路面下悬架最优参数,并利用路面识别方法得到当前路面等级,结合悬架性能需求实现悬架在不同路面下自适应调节.仿真结果表明:1)控制算法可根据不同路面情况自适应调整悬架参数,提高系统性能;2)相比于传统粒子群优化方法(PSO),基于布谷优化算法得到的控制电流能提供更为理想的悬架系统性能.     

车辆操稳性与舒适性统一建模研究

针对国内外车辆动力学建模时存在的问题,在考虑整车质心与簧载质量质心不重合及车身姿态变化对非簧载质量运动影响的条件下,采用拉格朗日方法建立了能够同时反映车辆垂向、侧向运动特性的统一动力学模型.以安装有互联油气悬架的某车为例,基于该模型,采用Matlab与AMESim联合仿真的方法,分析互联油气悬架的主要设计参数对车辆转向特性及抗侧倾性能的影响.      

大型货车对路面的动作用力

为研究大型载重货车对路面的动作用力,建立了四轴拖挂车动力学模型,以路面随机不平度为激扰,研究车辆动载荷和动载系数随路面等级、车速、载质量、轮胎刚度、悬架阻尼和悬架刚度的变化规律.结果表明:如果路面等级下降或车速提高或轮胎刚度增大,拖挂车各轮动载荷都增大;挂车悬架阻尼的减小和悬架刚度的增大都能使挂车各轮动载荷增大,对拖车各轮的动载荷影响则不大;拖车后悬架阻尼的增大能引起拖车后轮动载荷的减小,但拖车后悬架刚度在原取刚度值的1.5倍附近时,能使拖车后轮动载荷最小;在模拟中,动载荷系数和动载荷具有相同的变化规律;而载质量的增加,拖挂车各轮的动载荷变化不大,但动载系数减小,对路面总作用力会逐渐增大.     

交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波的车辆悬架系统状态估计

针对车辆悬架状态无法准确估计的问题,设计了自适应交互式多模型卡尔曼滤波(IMMKF)状态观测器.首先,建立了标准路面激励模型与四分之一线性化悬架模型;然后,利用递归最小二乘方法与IMMKF理论,设计了不同工况下广义悬架模型自适应IMMKF状态观测器;最后,分析了在标准C级路面激励工况下簧载质量变化对悬架系统状态估计的影响.仿真与台架试验结果表明,在簧载质量变化工况下,所设计的自适应IMMKF状态观测器与传统卡尔曼滤波状态观测器相比其估计精度至少可以提高20%.     

半主动悬架系统刚度动态迭代跟踪控制

为进一步提高车辆行驶平顺性,结合可变刚度半主动悬架系统的特点,提出动态迭代跟踪控制算法,并应用于可变刚度半主动悬架系统。基于Matlab/Simulink建立七自由度整车仿真模型。选取簧载质量加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷的均方根为平顺性评价指标,通过层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重系数,利用遗传算法确定典型工况下悬架最优刚度。采用动态迭代跟踪算法控制悬架刚度,根据所得刚度与最优刚度的差异确定控制算法的修正系数,在典型工况下使其控制参数与寻优所得参数吻合,并对其他工况下的控制效果进行验证。仿真结果表明:提出的控制算法在混合工况下能有效地使簧载质量加速度均方根减小6.34%,悬架动行程均方根减小7.35%,从而提高车辆行驶的平顺性。     

基于路面识别的车辆半主动悬架控制

以实现悬架自适应半主动控制为目的,基于多目标优化算法及路面识别,针对车辆平顺性与操纵稳定性进行研究.首先建立1/4车辆等效天棚控制模型,并根据系统动力学关系推导车辆簧载质量加速度及轮胎动载荷的解析解表达式,然后利用基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法求取Pareto最优解集.依据路面识别得到的路面等级分配控制权重,以获得不同路面对应的控制增益.仿真结果显示,基于路面识别的半主动悬架自适应控制系统能够通过调节权重获得不同路面行驶条件下平顺性与操纵稳定性之间的平衡.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that