椰壳炭制备高表面活性炭活化方法比较

以海南产椰壳炭和越南产椰壳炭为原料,探讨多种活化对活性炭结构的影响,９００℃下气相氧化,铁催化氧化均得到比表面高于２２００ｍ＾２／ｇ的活性炭,磷酸钾催化氧化帛 的活性炭,微孔罗少,比表面达２３００ｍ＾２／ｇ,越南椰壳炭的炭化程度低,ＫＯＨ值接活同孔较少中孔较多,比表面较低,用ＫＯＨ活化海南灰,得到微孔发达的活性 孔较多,但经过进一步炭化以后再用ＫＯＨ活化,比表面积可以提高,ＫＯＨ活化的收率高于气相     

椰壳渣制备高比表面积活性炭

通过正交实验和单因素实验探讨了以椰壳渣为原料、KOH为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭的最佳工艺条件.考查了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂料比等因素对实验结果的影响.在炭化温度为600℃、碱炭质量比为2∶1、活化温度为900℃、活化时间为90 m in条件下,制备出以微孔为主、比表面积达2 180 m2.g-1、总孔容为1.19 mL.g-1的高比表面积活性炭.     

糠醛渣活性炭的微波制备研究

利用微波辐照法加热糠醛渣炭化料、CO2活化制备糠醛渣活性炭.实验考察了微波功率(160~800 W)对活性炭结构与脱硫性能的影响.用XRD分析了不同功率下制备的活性炭微晶结构差别;Quantachrome NOVA Automated Gas Sorption System仪器研究了它们的孔结构变化;用联碱中和法测定了各活性表面官能团含量.结果表明,微波辐照加热对炭的微晶结构破坏主要发生在微晶尺寸La上,La随微波辐照功率变大而减小,石墨乱层结构无序度增加;640 W时得到的活性孔结构最发达;活性炭表面呈碱性,表面酸官能团部分分解,特别是羧酸官能团几乎分解完全,仅剩0.0345 mmol.g-1.     

沥青氧化纤维制备活性炭纤维过程中孔隙结构的变化

以通用级沥青氧化纤维为原料经水蒸气活化制得沥青基活性炭纤维(PACF), 讨论了工艺参数对PACF的比表面积、孔结构(孔容、孔径大小及分布)的影响. 结果表明, PACF的比表面积随着活化温度的提高(850～950 ℃)而增加, 同时, 孔径变大, 孔径分布变宽;在相同最终活化温度下(900 ℃), PACF的孔径及其分布随着水蒸气通入温度的不同而发生变化.     

沥青氧化纤维制备活性炭纤维过程中孔隙结构的变化

以通用级沥青氧化纤维为原料经水蒸气活化制得沥青基活性炭纤维(PACF),讨论了工艺参数对PACF的比表面积、孔结构(孔容、孔径大小及分布)的影响。结果表明,PACF的比表面积随着活化温度的提高(850～950℃)而增加,同时,孔径变大,孔径分布变宽;在相同最终活化温度下(900℃),PACF的孔径及其分布随着水蒸气通入温度的不同而发生变化。     

不同热解温度下褐煤焦样物相及其微结构变化

热解是褐煤改性提质的重要手段,为研究不同热解温度制取褐煤焦的物相和微结构变化,采集沈北矿区蒲河煤矿褐煤煤样,选取低中高(400,700,1 000℃)3个热解特征温度制取褐煤焦样,通过SEM、XRD、Raman、FT-IR、XPS、低温N₂吸附实验,对褐煤焦样的物化结构进行分析。结果表明：热解温度提高,焦样芳香性增强,含氧官能团O—H、C=O、C—O大幅减少,表面含碳官能团,C—C结构增加,C—H结构减少;400℃和700℃焦样微晶结构缺陷增加,1 000℃焦样微晶结构趋于有序并向石墨化转变;焦样比表面积和孔容积随热解温度提高先增大后减小,700℃焦样拥有最大的比表面积(117.063 7 m²/g)和孔容积(0.068 134 cm³/g),提高热解温度有利于焦样微孔结构发育。     

应用模板法从煤沥青制备中孔活性炭

以煤沥青为原料,应用纳米二氧化硅模板法制备中孔活性炭,并考察焦模比、碱碳比以及活化温度对活性炭孔结构和收率的影响.结果表明,所得活性炭试样孔径分布最大值与模板剂孔径尺寸相吻合.在焦模比为2∶1、碱碳比为4.5∶1、活化温度为850 ℃时,所制活性炭总比表面积为1 729 m2/g,其中中孔比表面积为1 702 m2/g,占总比表面积的98.43%.     

KOH活化石油焦制备工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响

以固-固混合方式,用KOH活化石油焦制备了高比表面积活性炭,研究了活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间、预处理温度及氮气流速等因素对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,并用液氮吸附法分析了高比表面积活性炭的孔隙结构.结果表明:活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间,以及中间处理温度和氮气流速对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值均有明显的影响;在一定的条件下,可制备出比表面积大于3000m2/g、比孔容积达1.80cm3/g、碘吸附值为2714mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为510mg/g的活性炭.活性炭的吸附特性可以通过石油焦原料的改性和各种工艺条件的优化进行调控.     

煤基活性炭的孔隙结构及氧化动力学特性

在活性炭自燃及氧化燃烧动力学的理论基础上,通过对4种不同生产阶段的煤基活性炭进行氮吸附实验、SEM实验和热重实验,研究了活性炭生产阶段孔隙结构的变化情况,并运用热重分析方法对活性炭从30℃到800℃之间的氧化燃烧过程进行分析。结果表明:在煤基活性炭由压块料到活化料生产过程中,样品中挥发分与水分的含量呈逐渐降低趋势,氢元素与氧元素含量大量减少,说明活性炭中的活性小分子逐渐减少;活化料活性炭的孔隙结构最发达,比表面积最大,与氧气反应的速率最快,氧化燃烧性质与其它3种活性炭有显著不同; 4种活性炭样品起始失重温度和着火点温度均是先升高后降低,炭化料总放热量最大,压块料和活化料居中,炭化粉料最小,说明生产过程中炭化工艺惰化了活性炭的氧化性能,而活化工艺又使得活性炭氧化性能提高,其自燃危险性由高到低排序为活化料、压块料、炭化料、炭化粉料活性炭。     

稻壳质介孔炭的制备与成孔机制

以稻壳为原料、KOH为活化剂,采用炭化和活化两步法制备了介孔炭。采用比表面积测定仪测定介孔炭的N2吸附脱附等温线,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、小角X射线衍射分析仪(SAXRD)表征介孔炭形成过程中的物相变化与显微结构,由同步热分析质谱联用仪(TG-MS)分析生成的气体成分并推测成孔机制。结果表明:稻壳在420℃下炭化4 h,再将KOH与炭化稻壳按质量比3∶1混合均匀后,在750℃下活化1h,所制备的活性炭平均孔径为2.3 nm,最可几孔径4.5 nm,比表面积高达2175 m2/g,介孔率达到78.57%;同时,炭化稻壳在KOH的活化过程中生成的气体成分含有CO、CO2和H2O,炭化稻壳中SiO2与KOH的高温分解物K2O反应生成K2Si4O9。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that