Mang果炭疽病菌微循环产孢的研究

报道不同培养条件对Ｍａｎｇ果炭疽病菌（Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ）微循环产孢的影响。该病菌微循环产孢的ｐＨ值范围为４．０～１０．０，最适为６．０；一定浓度的酵母膏液、葡萄糖液有利于其微循环产孢。黑暗、荧光与黑暗交替、荧光处理等促进微循环产孢，其中，以黑暗、荧光与黑暗交替处理产生的二次分生孢子的平均数最多，微循环产孢的适宜温度为２０℃～３５℃，最适为２５℃～３０℃；     

冀东冬小麦根腐病菌的生物学特性研究

对分离自冀东地区冬小麦上的根腐病菌的生物学特性的研究结果表明，病菌的菌丝生长温度范围为０～３９℃，最适温度为２４～２８℃；分生孢子在５～３５℃内均可萌发，１５～２４℃范围内萌发率高且芽管粗壮；产孢的温度范围为８～３０℃，２０～２２℃范围内产孢量最大；ｐＨ值在２～１２范围内菌丝都能生长，最适ｐＨ值为６～８；产孢的ｐＨ值范围为３～１０，中性或微酸性条件下，产孢量最大；分生孢子在ｐＨ值４～１０范围内均可萌发，中性或微酸性条件下萌发率最高；光照对病菌的生长发育影响较小；分生孢子在空气相对湿度低于９５％时不能萌发，水滴中的萌发率最高；营养利于孢子的萌发。     

松树脂溃疡病菌生物学特性研究

松树脂溃疡病菌(Fusarium circinatum)在6种供试培养基上均能生长,以PDA培养基上生长最好,选择性培养基上生长最差。菌丝适宜生长温度范围为18～27℃,最适温度为24℃。在全黑暗环境下生长最好,光暗交替下次之,全光照下较差。适宜菌丝生长pH范围为 5～9,最适宜pH为80。在基本培养基上,以半乳糖为其最佳碳源,硝酸钠为最佳氮源,维生素对菌丝生长影响不明显。病菌分生孢子在包括无菌水在内的各种机质中均可萌发,营养以 5%葡萄糖为最好。分生孢子在15～35℃、相对湿度85%～100%以及pH 3～12内均可萌发。分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃、最适pH为70,最适相对湿度为100%。黑暗、氧气充足环境有利于孢子萌发。菌丝、分生孢子致死温度分别为55 ℃和52℃.     

福建省香蕉炭疽病菌生物学特性研究

本文主要研究了香蕉炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum musae)生物学特性。结果表明:在供试培养基中以rye、大豆培养基和CA培养基上生长良好,该菌在15-30℃范围内均可生长,适宜温度范围为25-30℃,分生孢子的致死温度为50℃15min、55℃5min或60℃5min。在pH5-10的范围内该菌均能生长和产孢,最适pH6-7,分生孢子萌发最适pH5-6,全黑暗有利于病菌生长,分生孢子在饱各湿度或水滴中萌发快,葡萄糖对分生孢子萌发具有促进作用,相对湿度低于80%时不能萌发,病菌对葡萄糖和蛋白胨的利用较高。     

蝴蝶花枯斑病菌生物学特性研究

从重庆地区绿化植物蝴蝶花上分离出引起枯斑病的尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum schl．）,对其生物学特性进行的研究结果表明：该病菌在6～36℃均能生长,最适温度是28℃．菌落生长和产孢的pH范围是3．10～11．80,最适pH值为7．11．分生孢子在5～35℃,pH3～10,相对湿度90％～100％范围内均能萌发,且在最适温度24℃,最适pH7和相对湿度100％时萌发率最高．光照对菌落生长速度的影响较小,但对产孢量的影响较大．分生孢子的致死温度是48℃（10min）．该菌能利用多种糖、醇类作碳源和多种有机氮、无机氮作氮源．     

毛竹慢性枯萎病菌和生物学特性的研究

试验表明:毛竹慢性枯萎病的病原菌是一种粘帚霉(Gliocladium sp.).病菌初生分生孢子梗轮枝状,次生分生孢子梗青霉状,分生孢子大小2.4-6.2×1.9-3.2 μ m.病菌生长最适温度25-30℃;分生孢子萌发最适温度为25-35℃;分生孢子萌发的pH范围3-11,最适pH 5-8;最适碳源为半乳糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖.病菌生长和分生孢子萌发的适宜温度偏高,35℃条件下的生长速度和萌发要优于15℃条件下.     

桂花叶尖皱缩病病原的鉴定

对桂花叶尖皱缩病病原作研究后初步鉴定系胶胞炭疽病菌 (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz)Sacc .)侵染所致 .分生孢子无色、单孢圆柱形 ,端部钝 ,8.80～ 19.2 μm× 4.48～ 5 .44 μm ,有油滴数个 ;附着孢褐色、形状简单、大多椭圆形 ,大小 4.2～ 6 .6 μm× 5 .3～ 8.5 μm .     

银杏轮纹病和黑斑病的病原菌生物学特性研究

对银杏黑斑病菌（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ｔｅｎｕｉｓＮｅｓｓ）和轮纹病菌（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉａ ｇｉｎｋｇｏＨｏｒｉ）进行生长、产孢条件和孢子萌发试验。结果表明,银杏黑斑病菌生长、产孢温度为１０℃～３５℃,２５℃生长最好,３５℃产孢最多,２０℃～３５℃孢子萌发良好;轮纹病菌生长温度为１０℃～３０℃,最适２５℃,１０℃下不产孢,２０℃孢子萌发率最高。２种菌在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基上生长旺盛,在相对温度     

培养条件对烟草赤星病菌产孢能力的影响

用烟草赤星病菌13个菌株分别测定了3种基本条件对病菌产孢能力的影响。当病原真菌在8个温度梯度下生长时,产孢指数—温度曲线近S型,产孢的最低、最适、最高温度范围分别为12～16°、24～28°、32～36℃。当病菌在17个pH梯度下生长时,产孢指数—pH梯度曲线也近S型变化,最低、最适、最高pH范围一般分别为pH3.5～4.0、6.5～7.5、9.5～10.0。在三种光照条件下测定表明,暗处理可以明显增强病菌的产孢能力。另外,菌丝体损伤对产孢能力不发生明显影响。     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-