超临界水氧化油田含油污泥无害化处理研究

实验研究了以超临界水氧化法(SCWO)处理油田含油污泥实现含油污泥无害化处理.考察了反应温度、反应压力、停留时间、pH值等条件对含油污泥COD去除率的影响.实验结果表明:一氧化碳和醋酸是中间产物,二氧化碳是最终产物.当反应温度为440℃、反应压力为24MPa、反应停留时间为10min、pH为10时,含油污泥中的COD去除率可达到98%以上.反应停留时间和反应温度是影响含油污泥中COD去除率的主要因素.随着反应停留时间和反应温度的增加,含油污泥COD去除率增加;反应压力和氧化剂质量浓度对含油污泥COD去除率也很重要,但当反应压力和氧化剂浓度达到一定值时,对含油污泥COD去除影响不大.     

超临界水氧化法处理HTS分子筛生产废水

超临界水氧化技术是处理高浓度难降解有机废水领域的一种高效、环境友好型的处理技术。利用超临界水氧化法处理钛硅(HTS)分子筛生产废水,主要考察了反应温度和停留时间对超临界水氧化处理钛硅(HTS)分子筛生产废水过程中COD去除率和氨氮去除率的影响,并在实验数据的基础上对COD转化率的反应动力学方程进行研究。实验结果表明,在23MPa和氧气过量的条件下,反应温度为793 K和停留时间120 s条件下,COD转化率和氨氮去除率分别可以达到99.96%和99.37%,处理出水能够达到排放标准。动力学研究结果表明,反应温度763~793 K范围内该反应为一级反应,活化能为34.67 k J·mol-1,指前因子为12.41。     

炸药废水的绿色化处理工艺研究(英文)

采用超临界水氧化技术处理炸药生产废水,探讨了超临界水氧化降解炸药废水的规律。结果表明:反应温度是影响炸药废水COD去除率的主要因素,在超临界条件下,COD的去除率随着温度的升高而增加。在反应温度为550℃、压力24MPa、反应停留时间为120s的条件下,COD去除率可以达到99.98%以上。     

炸药废水的绿色化处理工艺研究

采用超临界水氧化技术处理炸药生产废水，探讨了超临界水氧化降解炸药废水的规律。结果表明：反应温度是影响炸药废水COD去除率的主要因素，在超临界条件下，COD的去除率随着温度的升高而增加。在反应温度为550℃、压力24MPa、反应停留时间为120s的条件下，COD去除率可以达到99．98％以上。     

超临界水氧化处理油田含油污泥

利用一套自设的简便实用的超临界水氧化实验装置,对运用超临界水氧化法处理油田含油污泥进行了实验研究,实验中使用过氧化氢（H₂O₂）做氧化剂,考察了反应停留时间、反应温度、反应压力和pH值等工艺参数对含油污泥中原油去除率的影响。实验结果表明,超临界水中的氧化反应能有效去除含油污泥中的原油,去除率可达95%,反应停留时间、反应温度、反应压力是影响含油污泥中原油去除率的重要因素,随反应温度、反应停留时间和反应压力的增加,含油污泥中的原油去除率增加,pH值对去除率也有影响,但不大。对指导油田生产具有一定的实用价值。     

超临界氧化技术处理吐氏酸生产废水

为更好地处理难降解的高浓度有机废水,研究了在间歇式超临界水反应装置内,超临界水氧化技术处理吐氏酸生产废水的最佳条件及其处理效果.通过单因素试验和正交试验,系统地研究了不同条件下废水COD和色度的去除率.当温度为380℃、压力为24 MPa、时间为150 s以及过氧比为1.8倍时,COD去除率可达96.7%,色度去除率可达97.5%,且反应后废水的可生化性有极大改善.     

超临界水氧化法处理含染料废水的工艺研究

探讨了超临界水氧化处理水中活性染料雅格素藏青-R-150%的工艺条件方法,考察了反应温度、压力、停留时间、初始浓度、氧化剂用量、pH值等工艺参数对水中雅格素藏青-R-150%去除率的影响.实验结果表明,超临界水中的氧化反应能有效去除水中的TOC,反应温度、反应时间、初始浓度、pH值是重要的影响因素.在380℃,25 MPa,停留时间3.2 m in,pH为7的条件下处理活性染料雅格素藏青-R-150%时,其COD去除率可达98.06%.     

超临界水氧化毒死蜱缩合废水实验研究

采用连续流超临界水氧化技术处理毒死蜱生产废水,研究了反应温度、压力、停留时间及过氧量四个因素对处理毒死蜱生产废水效果的影响,结果表明：温度、压力、停留时间和过氧倍数均对超临界水氧化的污染物转化进程产生影响,其中温度对有机氮的转化影响最为显著,温度大于450℃,有机氮转化完全,COD、TN的去除率分别大于99%和90%,而氨氮转化去除的反应条件较为苛刻,与同步脱氮技术相结合,可实现COD、氨氮等污染物的高效去除和达标排放。     

超临界水氧化处理毒死蜱产生的缩合废水

采用连续流超临界水氧化技术处理毒死蜱生产废水,研究了反应温度、压力、停留时间及过氧量4个因素对处理毒死蜱生产废水效果的影响。结果表明:温度、压力、停留时间和过氧倍数均对超临界水氧化的污染物转化进程产生影响,其中温度对有机氮的转化影响最为显著,温度大于450℃,有机氮转化完全,COD、TN的去除率分别大于99%和90%,而氨氮转化去除的反应条件较为苛刻,与同步脱氮技术相结合,可实现COD、氨氮等污染物的高效去除和达标排放。     

污泥的超临界水氧化动力学研究

在间歇式反应器中研究了城市污泥的超临界水氧化反应,反应温度为400～450℃、压力为24～28MPa、反应时间为40～515s.结果表明:污泥的有机物去除率可达99 9%以上;在420℃、反应时间为155s时,污泥氧化后残余固体物的体积仅为脱水污泥的4%,反应后剩余收集液的COD小于10mg·L-1.以幂函数方程描述了氧化剂过量时污泥超临界水氧化的反应动力学规律,污泥和氧化剂的反应级数分别为1和0;速率常数与温度的关系符合Arrhenius公式,随反应时间增加、温度升高,有机物的去除率显著增加;速率常数随压力升高而增加,但速率常数的增幅随压力的升高而减小,反应活化体积不是常数.在24MPa时,反应活化能和频率因子分别为(39 11±2 216)kJ·mol-1和(45 2±17 2)s-1,模型计算值与实验值的误差在±8%以内.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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