基于灰度共生矩阵和支持向量机的茶叶病害诊断研究

针对茶叶病害由于致病机理不同导致病斑纹理不同的特点,通过灰度共生矩阵来构造茶叶病害的纹理特征和将支持向量机应用到茶叶病害的识别方法;由于支持向量机是一个二分器,提出了投票最大策略建立SVM多分类识别算法。首先对茶叶病害的图像进行预处理以改善图像质量,然后利用灰度共生矩阵构造和提取了5种纹理特征,最后建立支持向量机多分类识别器并对茶叶病害进行识别。实验结果表明:利用灰度共生矩阵构造的纹理特征对茶叶病害的识别效果好;不同核函数的识别性能不同,径向基核函数比较适合茶叶病害的识别,识别率高达86.67%;不同样本数的识别性能不同,支持向量机在解决小样本的病害识别问题上有很好的识别能力,最低识别率达到70%,稳定性好。     

基于GA-SVM算法的矿井多模无线信号调制识别

矿井信息化是煤矿安全生产的有效保障,而矿井多个信息子系统往往采用不同的信号模式,形成一体化信息系统必须实现多系统融合,多模信号的检测识别是多系统融合的关键。针对普通支持向量机(SVM)分类器在矿井大小尺度衰落信道下低识别率的问题,提出优化SVM分类识别的方法。将数据样本集分为测试数据集和训练数据集,使用遗传算法对训练数据集中SVM的惩罚因子和核函数进行寻优处理,得到优化的SVM模型,并用此模型对测试集进行测试分类。仿真结果表明,在信噪比为-5 dB的大小尺度衰落信道环境下,四种信号的平均识别率均能达到80%以上;在信噪比大于-3 dB的大小尺度衰落信道环境下,四种信号的平均识别率均能达到90%以上。     

基于支持向量机的抗噪语音识别

阐述了支持向量机的分类机理,采用改进的MFCC语音特征参数,用基于不同核函数的支持向量机(SVM)作为语识别网络,对SVM多类分类问题采用"一对一"分类算法,实现了一个孤立词非特定人中等词汇量的抗噪语音识别系统。通过实验,得到了不同核函数下的识别结果;分析了核参数和误差惩罚参数对SVM推广能力的影响,并将实验结果同基于RBF神经网络的识别结果进行了比较。     

基于一类SVM概率密度估计的多分类贝叶斯算法研究

为降低训练分类器的运算复杂度，并解决支持向量机（SVM）对多类分类问题没有特别有效解决方法的问 题。提出了一种基于一类支持向量机的多分类贝叶斯算法，证明了基于径向基核函数的一类SVM的分类函数归 一化为密度函数，并将所得的概率密度函数用于构造二分类及多分类贝叶斯分类器。仿真实验将提出的多分类贝 叶斯算法应用于多类通信信号调制识别，结果表明：该算法的分类准确率不低于传统SVM多分类器，而在多类属、 每类训练样本数目较大的情况下训练所需的运算量和存储量仅是传统SVM多分类算法的0.5%大大减小了核 矩阵规模和     

基于SVM的新生儿疼痛表情识别

近十年来新生儿疼痛引起医护人员的广泛关注.由于新生儿不能自述疼痛的感受,疼痛评估成为新生儿科学中最具挑战性的一个难题.新生儿"疼痛面容"(蹙眉、挤眼、鼻唇沟加深、张口)被认为是最可靠的疼痛指标,且持续时间最长,因而被国际上常用的新生儿疼痛评估工具作为评估指标.然而,这些疼痛评估工具往往受到临床医护人员主观因素的影响.文中旨在解决上述问题,提出利用支持向量机(SVM)技术对新生儿疼痛与非疼痛面部表情进行分类识别.对210幅照片的表情图像进行了研究,比较了线性核函数SVM、多项式核函数SVM(d=2,3,4)以及径向基函数SVM等5种不同分类器的性能.实验结果表明,阶数d=3的多项式核函数SVM分类器的性能最佳,对疼痛和非疼痛表情分类的识别率达到93.33%,对疼痛与安静表情的分类识别率为94.17%,对疼痛与哭表情的分类识别率为83.13%,初步具备了在新生儿疼痛评估中的潜在应用价值.     

基于改进的最小二乘支持向量机的高光谱遥感图像分类

支持向量机因其适用高维特征、小样本与不确定性问题的优越性,是一种极具潜力的高光谱遥感分类方法.核函数是支持向量机的核心,核函数分为局部核函数与全局核函数两大类,不同的核函数将产生不同的分类效果.核函数也是支持向量机理论中比较难理解的一部分.在基本核函数中引入光谱匹配识别中的典型方法--光谱角度匹配法(SAM法),兼顾到光谱亮度与光谱向量方向的距离测度,结合最小二乘支持向量机,通过与传统SVM分类方法的比较,证明这种方法的有效性.     

极坐标核在样本分类问题中的应用研究

核函数选择是支撑向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)研究的热点和难点.针对目前SVM核函数的选择没有统一规则的现状,探讨极坐标核在样本分类问题中的应用,提出一种结合样本分布特征进行SVM核选择的方法.首先分析极坐标核的映射原理,采用主成分分析方法(Principle Component Analysis,PCA)对高维数据集合理降维,在得到样本集分布特征的基础上进行SVM核选择,在Matlab环境中,采用四组数据集进行分类实验,验证结合样本分布特征选择SVM核函数的分类效果.实验结果表明,呈类圆形分布的样本集采用极坐标核进行分类,识别率达到100%,训练时间最短,优于采用高斯核SVM的分类效果.该方法提高了SVM的泛化能力,方案具有可行性和有效性.     

基于多传感器信息融合的轮履混合移动机器人路况识别方法

针对未知环境下轮履混合移动机器人的路况识别问题,提出一种将支持向量机(SVM)与Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据理论相结合的多传感器信息融合路况识别方法.设计了一个基于超声波传感器和红外传感器的数据采集系统,以提取路况的信息特征;以Platt后验概率为基础,建立了多类SVM的后验概率模型,并构造D-S证据理论所需基本概率分配(BPA)函数;同时,将SVM与D-S相结合的信息融合识别方法应用于轮履混合移动机器人的3种典型路况识别实验.结果表明,所提出的方法能够满足轮履混合移动机器人识别平坦路面、斜坡和台阶等路况的要求.     

支持向量机及在马铃薯分级中的应用

本文针对马铃薯分级手段落后,分级精度不高的问题,研究了采用基于结构风险最小化原理的支持向量机方法对模式类的识别能力,构造了对应的SVM识别过程和算法,该方法易于实现,且能够找到模式间的最优分类超平面,泛化能力明显提高。最后采用两种核函数,将SVM用于马铃薯分级识别以提取马铃薯外部特征与马铃薯级别之间的映射关系,从而实现模糊性的识别。实验结果表明,此方法对解决马铃薯识别问题具有良好的适应性和实用性。     

基于矩形积分双谱和核主分量分析的电台指纹识别

目的 解决传统的积分双谱特征维数比较大而导致分类器的稳健性和电台的正确识别率下降的问题.方法 首先选择矩形积分双谱作为识别的特征参数,然后采用了核主分量分析方法进行降维,最后采用基于核函数的支持向量机分类器(SVM)实现对电台指纹的识别.结果 给出一种方法,实现了同种型号相同调制方式的3部不同电台的识别.结论 该算法有效地降低了特征维数.较大地提高了电台的正确识别率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to