Self-assembling phospholipid filaments

Aqueous dispersions of double-chain phospholipids spontaneously assemble into closed bilayers called vesicles (or liposomes). Although the vesicles are in general topologically spherical, cylindrical and helical liposomes have sometimes been observed. We present here video-enhanced microscopic studies of a diacetylenic phospholipid dispersed in ethanol/water, which reveal the existence of unusual bilayer morphologies. On cooling the dispersion from the isotropic phase, we have observed the formation of long (of the order of hundreds of micrometres), thin (0.2-2 microns) filaments, which fluctuate strongly. When the temperature is decreased further, the filaments rapidly retract into a mass of lipid. At constant temperature, on the other hand, the filaments transform into torus or ring-like vesicles. Such non-spherical structures have been predicted theoretically but not previously observed experimentally.     

铁电双层膜中的极化翻转与极化梯度

从Ginzburg-Landau方程出发,引入自发极化梯度项,研究了铁电双层膜的电滞回线,采用平均极化来反映膜的性质.结果表明:在场强较大的情况下,两膜的平均极化与电场方向一致;在场强较小的情况下(E=-8.00×107V·m-1),膜1发生极化翻转,界面耦合占主导地位.这些新现象为设计具有多个存储态计算机存储单元提供了可能.     

铜离子浮选的动力学

发现铜离子的浮选符合零级反应动力学，并求出其速度常数ｋ０。当ｐＨ一定时，ｋ０与流量Ｑａ成正比，即ｋ０＝ｍＱａ。在ｐＨ＝２～５的范围内，符合ｍ＝１．３７０×１０＾－５ｌｎ（ｐＨ／１．２２２）的关系。ｐＨ＝５时ｍ最大，ｐＨ＞５则下降，从而得出了ｋ０＝１．３７０×１０＾－５Ｑａｌｎ（ｐＨ／１．２２２）。从单泡吸附模型出发，从理论上提出了浮选效率（ηｆ）关系式，可用以评价表面活性剂的浮选效果及工艺条件如流     

铜的离子浮选和溶剂浮选

以浮选过程中存在各种离子平衡为基础,从理论上推算出浮选Cu~(2+)稀溶液的最佳pH范围,并为浮选实验所证实。将C_(12)H_(25)SO_4Na(NaLS)与Cu(LS)_2作为理想的表面活性剂混合物,通过表面张力测定,算得离子对平衡常数K与Cu(LS)_2的表面过剩摩尔分数X_(Cu(?)LS_z)~3的值分别为1.77×10~3与0.917。在pH=5.6条件下,以铜萃取剂加在溶剂中的溶剂浮选,比离子浮选和溶剂萃取具有更佳的分离效率,其效率可达91.6%。     

特低渗砂岩储层临界启动渗透率分析

根据特低渗油藏启动压力梯度的概念提出了临界启动渗透率概念.以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组特低渗砂岩储层岩心实验结果为基础,得到了拟启动压力梯度与储层渗透率之间的关系,建立了注采井间驱动压力梯度的变化规律分析.根据拟启动压力梯度与驱动压力梯度的关系,给出了临界启动渗透率的计算方法,以及注采井间临界启动渗透率的变化规律.结果表明,拟启动压力梯度的变化存在临界点;注、采井附近临界启动渗透率下限最低;在两井间中心附近临界启动渗透率下限达到最大.可见,建立有效的驱替压力系统,增大注采井间驱动压力梯度,降低临界启动渗透率,是实现特低渗储层高效开发的主要措施.     

海上低渗透油藏非线性渗流渗透率下限实验研究

应力敏感对储层的损害具有不可逆性,启动压力梯度导致油藏中出现不流动区;因此,界定海上低渗透油藏非线性渗流的渗透率下限对制定高效开发技术政策至关重要。分别选取珠江口盆地东部10块和17块典型低渗透岩芯开展应力敏感实验和启动压力梯度实验研究。通过实验结果分析,分别建立了应力敏感、启动压力梯度与油藏岩石渗透率的关系模型,定量表征了海上低渗透油藏非线性渗流特征。选用油藏实际参数,模拟计算应力敏感和启动压力梯度对产能的影响,界定了珠江口盆地东部低渗透油藏应力敏感渗透率下限为10×10-3μm2,启动压力梯度下限38×10-3μm2,以此指导南海东部低渗透油藏合理开发技术政策制定,从而为提高油田开发效果奠定了基础。     

Penning阱中离子谱的优化

根据Penning阱存储离子的探测原理，系统分析了阱内离子信号及信号本身的噪声、实验仪器及探测电路的噪声干扰，采用适当的品质因数、电子束流和载波振幅,得到较高信噪比和分辨率的离子谱。为深入开展Hn+(n≥3)离子的形成机制、离子与中性气体原子或分子碰撞过程等问题的研究创造了更好的条件。     

Interaction of C-reactive protein with artificial phosphatidylcholine bilayers.

C-Reactive protein (CRP), the most characteristic of the 'acute phase proteins' (ref. 1) is thought to participate in the mediation and/or modulation of acute inflammatory processes, but its exact function is unknown. CRP has a Ca2+-dependent binding specificity for phosphorylcholine, the polar head group of two widely distributed lipids, lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, PC) and sphingomyelin (SM). A number of observations suggest that at least some of the biological activities of CRP depend on its interaction with phospholipids of cell membranes. In addition, interaction of CRP with PC- and SM-containing lipid dispersions and with PC-containing liposomes can activate the complement system. We report here that binding of CRP to model membranes of PC requires the incorporation into the bilayer of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Thus, a disturbance of the molecular organisation of the bilayer appears to be necessary for binding of CRP. These findings provide a possible biochemical explanation for binding of CRP to damaged but not intact cell membranes and might be relevant to its biological function.