前列腺素E_1的化学-酶促合成

以γ-亚麻酸甲酯为起始原料 ,采用化学 -酶促合成技术 ,经两条不同路线合成前列腺素E1,总收率分别为 1 3%和 1 6% .关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确认 .合成中避免使用高温、高压反应 ,适合于工业化生产 .     

前列腺素E1的化学-酶促合成

以γ-亚麻酸甲酯为起始原料,采用化学-酶促合成技术,经两条不同路线合成前列腺素E1,总收率分别为13%和16%.关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经元素分析、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确认.合成中避免使用高温、高压反应,适合于工业化生产.     

抗糖尿病药物瑞格列奈的合成

以4-甲基水杨酸、 2-氯苯腈为原料, 采用LDA/DMPU 催化羧基化和Ph3P催化缩合反应为关键步骤合成瑞格列奈, 总收率为10.5%. 该合成方法具有工艺路线短、 总收率高、 操作简单等优点, 适合工业化生产. 其中关键中间体及瑞格列奈的结构用元素分析、 红外光谱、 核磁共振氢谱及碳谱、 质谱和比旋光等方法表征.     

新型低膦系列水质稳定剂--膦酸基羟乙酸的研究

以二烷基亚磷酸酯与乙醛酸为原料,经一步反应得到膦酸基羟乙酸(HPA),产率为70%. 采用红外光谱、31P-NMR及液相色谱分析证实了合成产物的分子结构. 此合成路线克服了欧洲专利报道的剧毒、苛刻的反应条件和复杂的工艺路线等缺点. 对HPA的耐蚀性进行了探讨,得到了理想的结果.     

2,5-二吡啶基-1,3,4-噁二唑的合成

以烟酸/异烟酸为原料,经由酰化、肼解、关环三步反应合成了2,5-二吡啶基-1,3,4-噁二唑,每步收率均在80%以上。该合成路线原料易得,实验条件温和,操作简单等优点,是实验室制备2,5-二吡啶基-1,3,4-噁二唑的一种简便可行的方法。     

抗痛风药物非布索坦的合成

以廉价的对羟基苯甲酸为起始原料,经酯化、卤代、氨解、硫代、Hantzsch反应、Duff反应、醚化、水解等十步反应,成功地合成目标化合物非布索坦,总收率为10.87%。目标化合物结构经质谱、红外、氢谱和碳谱得到确证。研究结果表明:实验所采用的合成路线毒性小、成本低、操作简单,为工业化生产开辟了一条新的路线。     

3-羰基-10-去甲基-12-甲氧基松香烷的全合成

按照AC-ABC的合成策略,设计了1种新的合成路线,并合成了目标产物3-羰基-10-去甲基-12-羟基松香烷.在合成中,以2-异丙基苯甲醚为原料,在磷钼酸铵催化下,经过对位溴代、与环氧乙烷加成和节醇溴代等反应步骤,合成了3-羰基-10-去甲基-12-甲氧基松香烷13,总收率达14.17%.通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱等结构表征,结果表明成功实现了目标产物的全合成.     

手性诱导试剂(S)-(+)-2-苯胺甲基吡咯烷的合成

采用新的合成路线,以L-谷氨酸为原料,通过内酰胺环化、离子交换树脂分离、苯胺酰胺化、AlLiH4还原等一系列反应,合成手性诱导试剂(S)-(+)-2-苯胺甲基吡咯烷,经元素分析、质谱和核磁共振谱等对产物的结构进行了确证.该反应具有条件温和、后处理操作简单、产率较高等优点.     

Bis-Wittig反应法合成不对称二烯腊肪酸酯

双季鏻盐1与n-BuLi反应生成膦双叶德2,接着与两种不同的醛发生bis-Wittig反应成功地合成了天然产物二烯脂肪酸甲酯7a及两个新的类似物7b和7c,产率为24%～30%.该法具有原料易得,路线短等特点.产物的结构用IR、1HNMR、和Ms等进行了表征.图3,参16.     

3-甲基-1-(2-(1-哌啶基)苯基)丁胺的合成

分别以2-氯苯腈和2-氟苯甲醛为原料, 采用两种路线合成3-甲基-1-（2-（1-哌啶基）苯基）丁胺, 总收率分别为42%和31%. 关键中间体及最终化合物的结构经质谱、 核磁共振氢谱及碳谱得到确证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that