Pathology: whales, sonar and decompression sickness

We do not yet know why whales occasionally strand after sonar has been deployed nearby, but such information is important for both naval undersea activities and the protection of marine mammals. Jepson et al. suggest that a peculiar gas-forming disease afflicting some stranded cetaceans could be a type of decompression sickness (DCS) resulting from exposure to mid-range sonar. However, neither decompression theory nor observation support the existence of a naturally occurring DCS in whales that is characterized by encapsulated, gas-filled cavities in the liver. Although gas-bubble formation may be aggravated by acoustic energy, more rigorous investigation is needed before sonar can be firmly linked to bubble formation in whales.     

高压天然气输送管道断裂过程中气体减压波速的计算

管道断裂过程中减压波速的计算是输气管道断裂控制的关键问题.考虑到小直径管道非等熵效应较为显著,分别建立了求解减压波速的等熵理论模型和非等熵理论模型,通过推导将求解流体参数的偏微分方程组转化为全微分方程组.基于P-R状态方程,推导了热力学参数的计算公式.应用三特征线法求解气体减压波速,并开发了相应的计算程序,分析了起始压力、起始温度、不同气体介质和管径对气体减压波速的影响.结果表明:热力学参数计算公式计算的比热容比、压缩凶子与试验值的平均相对偏差分别为0.617%,0.555%;程序计算的多组分气体减压波速与全尺寸爆破试验测量值相吻合.     

Natural gas releasing simulation experiment of coal in process of temperature decreasing and decompression and preliminary application in Ordos Basin

Natural gas releasing simulation experiments were carried out in laboratory for researching the gas storage capacity in state of high temperature and high pressure and its gas releasing potential in process of temperature decreasing and decompression. The exiting phase state was studied through measuring gas adsorption of coal and PVT phase calculating of natural gas. Gas volume, gas molecular and isotope compositions in process of temperature decreasing and decompression were measured, natural-gas yields released from the Upper Paleozoic coal strata after later Cretaceous (K3) were calculated and the formation of the reservoir was studied combining with the geological background. The results indicate that natural gas stored in coal has still bigger releasing potential after the uplift of Upper Paleozoic strata. There exists a weak gas supply-effluent equilibrium in the reservoir of Ordos Basin, which is another possible evidence that the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir may be a deep basin gas reservoir.     

铜离子对鲫鱼血红细胞微核和核异常的影响

研究了铜离子对鲫鱼的遗传毒害性。结果显示 :铜离子对鲫鱼的毒性是比较大的。在用不同的铜离子浓度处理相同时间或用同一浓度处理不同时间后 ,鲫鱼的微核率、核异常率与总核异常率都明显上升。微核率与浓度之间 ,以及与处理时间之间均出现较为明显的正相关性 ,即具有剂量效应和时间效应。核异常率和总核异常率除个别组外 ,也都出现了同样的效应。     

Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins

Reading disability (dyslexia) is a major social, educational, and mental health problem. Although estimates of prevalence vary, up to 10-15% of school-age children have severe reading deficits in spite of average intelligence and adequate educational opportunity. That reading disability may have a constitutional basis has long been recognized, and results of twin and family studies suggest that one or more of its forms may be heritable; however, definitive evidence for a genetic aetiology has not been reported. Establishing a heritable basis for reading disability could suggest possible causes, give improved risk estimates, facilitate early diagnosis, and provide validity tests for ostensible subtypes. In this report, we apply a recently developed multiple regression analysis to data collected from a sample of 64 pairs of identical twins and 55 pairs of fraternal twins, in which at least one member of the pairs is reading disabled, and present evidence for a significant genetic aetiology.     

二套常减压系统真空系统联锁的实现

对中国石油锦州石化公司二套常减压系统真空系统联锁系统予以介绍，给出联锁在DCS中的实现方法，以确保生产的平稳运行．     

农药甲氰菊酯、杀螟硫磷对泥鳅鱼红细胞的遗传损伤研究

为估测甲氰菊酯、杀螟硫磷的环境毒性,以泥鳅鱼为试验动物,设置甲氰菊酯、杀螟硫磷不同浓度对泥鳅鱼的遗传毒性实验,统计红细胞微核数和核异常数,观察微核率和核异常率与甲氰菊酯、杀螟硫磷浓度的关系。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,随着2种农药浓度的增加,泥鳅红细胞微核率和核异常率表现为先上升后下降的趋势。泥鳅红细胞微核细胞率与核异常细胞率出现的峰值浓度表现不同步,微核细胞率出现高峰的时间早于核异常细胞率,且核异常出现的比率高于微核率。说明甲氰菊酯和杀螟硫磷对泥鳅红细胞具有强烈的诱变损伤作用。     

音乐心理减压探究

音乐心理减压为大学生开辟了一个心理治疗的窗口。本文对音乐心理减压概念、方法、步骤进行了分析与探讨,以期为处于困境或遭受到挫折及情绪出现问题的大学生予以心理关怀和帮助。     

高能气体压裂弹燃气安全性评价

利用密闭爆发器测试技术模拟了高能气体压裂弹的爆燃过程,并使用红外光谱分析技术对燃气成份中毒性气体进行了检测.5个不同厂家的高能气体压裂弹产品燃气成份测试结果表明,特殊的压裂弹产品燃气中会产生氢氰酸(HCN)毒性气体,对其产生机理进行分析并提出抑制燃烧过程产生HCN的措施.     

镉对中国林蛙外周血细胞微核及核异常的诱导效应

用不同剂量Cd2^＋注射林蛙，5d后取血制片，光镜观察，探讨了不同剂量Cd2^＋对中国林蛙红细胞形成微核及核异常的影响．结果表明，Cd2^＋可诱导红细胞产生微核和核异常．Cd2^＋剂量高于0．2mg／kg作用5d后，对林蛙血细胞具有明显的毒性效应．Cd2^＋剂量低于0．5mg／kg范围内，微核与核异常细胞率随Cd2^＋的增加呈上升趋势；当Cd2^＋剂量高于0．5mg／kg时，微核与核异常细胞率随Cd2^＋的增加而下降．     

用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术研究发芽马铃薯的遗传毒理作用

为探讨发芽马铃薯的遗传毒理作用,用蚕豆根尖细胞微核监测技术对发芽马薯浸渍液的微核率进行了测定,结果表明：发芽马铃薯浸渍液的质量浓度为25g/L,50g/L,100g/L,200g/L时,蚕豆根尖细胞微核率分别为17．21‰,23．53‰,29．55‰,39．40‰,与阴性对照组相比存在显著性差异,相应浓度的未发芽马铃薯浸渍液对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的形成与阴性对照组相比无显著性差异,实验结果提示发芽马铃薯浸渍液能显著诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核的形成,利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术可以监测发芽马铃薯的遗传毒理作用。