利用膜分离进行乙醇连续发酵的研究

研究了在进行乙醇连续发酵时，利用反渗透法（ＲＯ法）和渗透气化分离法（ＰＶ法）进行组合，对发酵液中的乙醇进行分离时，每隔一定时间将循环发酵液排放一部分，再补加相同量的新鲜培养液，在连续７２小时的发酵实验过程中，发酵温度为３０℃，发酵液酒精浓度稳定在７％（ｗｔ）左右，透过液乙醇浓度也基本稳定在９８％（ｗｔ）以上，获得了比较满意的效果     

Study on the Continuous Fermentation of Ethanol with Membrane Separation

研究了在进行乙醇连续发酵时，利用反渗透法（ＲＯ法）和渗透气化分离法（ＰＶ法）进行组合，对发酵液中的乙醇进行分离时，每隔一定时间将循环发酵液排放一部分，再补加相同量的新鲜培养液，在连续７２小时的发酵实验过程中，发酵温度为３０℃，发酵液酒精浓度稳定在７％（ｗｔ）左右，透过液乙醇浓度也基本稳定在９８％（ｗｔ）以上，获得了比较满意的效果     

MFI型沸石填充硅橡胶分离膜的制备、结构与性质

用ＺＳＭ－５沸石或硅沸石（ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－１）填充硅橡胶制成了疏水性分离膜，它对有机溶剂／水系统的渗透蒸发性能与膜的组成、结构以及吸附、脱附行为有关．所填充的沸石结构性质（如硅铝比、阳离子、Ｓｉ－ＯＨ缺陷以及结晶度等）是影响膜分离性能的关键因素．用结构完美、疏水性优良的硅沸石制备的填充膜其乙醇／水的分离系数α可达３０．基材硅橡胶本底的分离性质也影响填充膜的性能．填充膜对正丙醇／水、异丙醇／水、丙酮／水系统的分离效果不同与这些有机分子的分子尺寸及极性有关．本文还研究了填充膜的机械性能随填充量改变的规律．     

渗透汽化法分离乙醇／水混合物

将壳聚糖（ＣＳ）和聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）混合物涂到聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）底膜上,通过交联制成壳聚糖复合膜。研究了膜对乙醇／水溶液的渗透汽化性能,讨论了料液浓度、温度对膜分离性能的影响。结果表明,ＣＳ－ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ膜具有优异的渗透选择性能。当料液乙醇含量为９５ｗｔ％,温度为６０℃和７０℃时,渗透通量分别为３１０ｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）和４３３ｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）;分离因子为１１６和１２７。渗透通量与温度呈Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系     

MFI沸石填充硅橡胶分离膜的制备,结构与性质

用ＺＳＭ－５沸石或硅沸石填充硅橡胶制成了疏水性分离膜。它对有机溶剂／水的渗透蒸发性能与膜的组成、结构以及吸附、脱附行为有关。所填充的沸石结构性质是影响膜分离性能的关键因素。用结构完美、疏水性优良的硅沸石制备的填充膜其乙醇／水的分离系α可达３０．基村硅橡胶本底的分离性质也影响填充膜的性能。     

用渗透蒸发法回收废水中的酯

用硅沸石填充的硅橡胶膜对乙酸乙酯－水进行渗透蒸发分离，考虑了沸石填充量对膜分离性能的影响。实验结果表明，用硅沸石填充的硅橡胶膜处理浓度的乙酸乙酯水溶液，能迅速地降低溶液中乙酸乙酯的浓度，得到高浓度的乙酸乙酯渗透液。     

酒精发酵过程中模型生物反应器的研究

以发酵槽，沸石膜和渗透气化分离装置等组成的膜型生物反应器，在酒精发酵过程中，进行酒精连续发酵和连续分离。选择葡萄糖为原料，利用活性干酵母进行酒精发酵并同时利用渗透汽化分离的方式对酒精进行膜分离，经过４８ｈ以上的连续发酵和连续分离试验表明：发酵液中的酒精浓度在５％左右时，液的酒精浓工稳定在７５％以上。     

制膜条件对过氯乙烯渗透汽化膜分离性能的影响

本文研究了铸膜液溶剂、铸膜温度等铸膜条件及膜厚度对过氯乙烯膜渗透汽化分离乙醇水溶液性能的影响，发现在较低温度下，铸膜液溶剂对分离的影响并不显著，挥发速度慢的溶剂形成的膜致密性好，分离系数大而艇速率校，随着铸膜温度升高，分离系数下降而透过速率增大，而膜厚度增加，分离系数增大但透过速率下降。     

球磨技术制备铁的氮化物及性能研究

实验通过球磨α－Ｆｅ和脲的混合粉末,制得α’－Ｆｅ（Ｎ）超细粉末,Ｎ原子含量为８．８ａｔ％,饱和磁化强度σ为２４２．７ｅｍｕ／ｇ。样品经１６０℃真空退火４小时,α′－Ｆｅ（Ｎ）相部分转变为α″－Ｆｅ１６Ｎ１２相,此时样品的饱和磁化强度σｓ提高到２５２．０ｅｍｕ／ｇ,样品中α″－Ｆｅ１６Ｎ２相含量约２１ｗｔ％,其σｓ为２８７．３ｅｍｕ／ｇ。热分析表明,在１５０℃－２００℃,α′－Ｆｅ（Ｎ）相转移为α     

含氟微孔聚合物膜渗透蒸发分离乙醇／水混合物的研究

比较了几种含氟微孔聚合物作为透醇膜的醇／水渗透蒸发性质，具有适中孔径的疏水微孔聚四氟乙烯改性膜性能最佳。考察了料液温度与浓度对膜分离性能的影响。在最佳条件下，膜的分离系数为８．０４，透过通量达１０２５ｇ／ｍ＾２ｈ。在发酵时用该膜从发酵液中分离产物乙醇，使葡萄糖转化率与乙醇生产能力均获明显提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with