Application of SSM in tackling problematical situations from academicians’ viewpoints

In recent years, a wide variety of studies have applied soft systems methodology (SSM) to address the complexities of the messy situations. This paper seeks to identify 1) application areas and 2) application levels of the use of SSM in dealing with problematical situations. To do so, 149 articles published between 2000 and 2015 were studied. The findings revealed the application of SSM in new application areas such as sustainable development, knowledge management and project management. The results of this study also indicated that researchers applied SSM at three levels: SSM as a process of inquiry, SSM as an action-oriented methodology, and the hybrid use of SSM. Based on the findings, SSM at the level of a single methodology for bringing out changes has been less welcomed by researchers, but the application levels of inquiry processes and hybrid approaches have been more utilized. This suggests that in the correspondence of SSM with the nature or situation of problems, a sort of incommensurability is witnessed. Factors arising from the nature of the problem, inadequate mastery of the researcher over SSM or the limitations of SSM can exert an influence on this incommensurability.     

基于支持向量机的个人信用评估模型及最优参数选择研究

运用基于支持向量机理论试图建立一个新的个人信用评估预测方法,以期取得更好的预测分类能力.为了达到这个目标及保证可靠性,研究中使用网格5-折交叉确认来寻找不同核函数的最优参数.为了进一步评价SVM分类准确性,我们在本文最后对SVM方法与线性判别分析,Logistic回归分析,最近邻,分类回归树及神经网络进行了比较,结果表明,SVM有很好的预测效果.     

Artificial Intelligence Embedded Object-Oriented Methodology For Model Based

ＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＩｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｃｅＥｍｂｅｄｄｅｄＯｂｊｅｃｔ－ＯｒｉｅｎｔｅｄＭｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｙＦｏｒＭｏｄｅｌＢａｓｅｄＤｅｃｉｓｉｏｎＳｕｐｐｏｒｔ￥ＦｅｎｇＳｈａｎ；ＴｉａｎＹｕａｎ；ＬｉＴｏｎｇ＆ＣａｉＪｕｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...     

A New Stealth Technique for Vehicles Based on the Enhancement of Angular Glint

A general 2-D problem of electromagnetic scattering from a multiple cavity-backed longitudinally loaded slotted perfectly conducting cylinder with arbitrary cross section is formulated. The formulation is used to account for the scattered field from the scale models, for which, a series of experiments has been conducted in an anechoic chamber. Quite good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The analysis of the experimental results near resonant frequency shows that the reduction of backscattering radar cross section over wide aspect angles, and the dominant enhancement of target angular glint (linear deviation) can be achieved by impedance loading such as multiple cavity-backed slots, which realizes a new stealth technique for vehicles.     

Societal problems more complex than presumed: The Compram methodology

Complex societal problems are often wrongly addressed by politicians as mono-disciplinary, relatively easy to solve problems. By directly jumping to conclusions politicians overlook the complexity of the problems in their decision making process. Complex societal problems are generally interdisciplinary problems and should be addressed in a multi-disciplinary way considering the multiple actors and their interactions, the many variables involved, as well as the emotions that the problems provokes. These many interactions are the cause of the complexity of the problem handling process. It is high time that complex societal problems are addressed by the politicians in the right way using the methodology, methods and tools of the field of Methodology of Societal Complexity so the problems can be handled in an adequate, transparent, efficient and proper way, mitigating the damage the problems are causing. The field of Methodology of Societal Complexity developed ways to guide the problem handling process of complex societal problems for analysing, decision making and implementing interventions in an adequate, democratic and efficient way. The Compram methodology is a major methodology in this field and directs in a structured, democratic, and efficient way, the problem handling process of complex societal problems by using a multi-disciplinary, multi actor approach including emotional aspects. The OECD (2006) advised governments to handle complex societal problems that threaten global safety according to the Compram methodology. The universities should include issues of the field of Societal Complexity into their disciplines so that future managers are aware how complex societal problems should be handled.     

企业中过程性知识的获取方法

企业中存在一种个人的、隐性的、过程性知识 ,对于这部分知识企业往往很难掌握。文中针对这一问题 ,提出了一种基于业务流程技术的过程性知识获取方法。该方法使用了多因素流程图 ( MFFC)和多层次文本 ( MLD)两种工具对过程性知识进行表示。对过程性知识的获取步骤从概括到具体 ,符合人类的认知过程。最后给出一个实际应用案例 ,对如何应用该方法进行了说明     

直线上的k-配送小车调度问题与竞争策略

提出和研究了直线上的局内k-配送小车调度问题。应用复位策略，竞争比为k 2；设计了解决该问题的竞争算法，证明采用局部双覆盖策略Local Double Coverage Strategy(LDCS)的竞争比为k.最后，简单地分析了该问题的一个特例——局内电梯调度问题，得出了比较结果。     

基于置信规则库推理的不确定性建模研究

置信规则库推理作为一种新颖的表达和处理复杂不确定性的方法,在系统建模和分析方面具有很大的应用前景.本文讨论了基本置信规则库推理的性质,证明其不但可以以足够高精度拟合确定性和随机性系统,而且可以处理确定性和随机性数学模型不能表达的复杂不确定问题.另外本文通过对其规则库进行扩展和改进激活算法,解决了基本置信规则库推理在处理局部未知度方面的局限性问题,最后通过一个报童库存问题对提出的方法进行了说明和验证.     

多表面阻抗加载凸导体柱的电磁散射

飞行器隐身技术之一是阻抗加载。本文研究充电大尺寸(ka=10)任意截面多表面阻抗加载凸导体柱的电磁散射。问题的反应积分方程是采用组合Fock理论和矩量法的混合方法建立,并由Leontovich阻抗边界条件来求解的。对一个多表面阻抗加载圆柱体的混合法的数值分析表明,利用多表面阻抗加载,可实现较大角范围内后向雷达散射截面(RCS)的减缩,并同时产生后向散射相位的强烈跃变,从而获得大的角闪烁线偏差,这是一种新的隐蔽技术措施。     

A Critical Heuristic Approach to the Establishment of a Software Development Process

The software development process for large software systems can be very complex, mainly in the case of development of innovation. There is no ready-made solution for this process. Rarely, if ever, can a solution be applied in a straightforward manner. Those involved in such software development need to make choices that will determine the features of the development process with consequences for its clients, who were not involved in the development but are affected by its results. The choices are inevitably influenced by the beliefs and values of the developers. Their judgments need to be made explicit so that people who are affected can eventually question these judgments.The Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) is a systems methodology that makes it possible to examine the judgments made by those involved in the software development process. It offers tools to question such judgments.The application of the CSH to the software development process helps to illustrate the heuristic ability of the methodology to make evident the potential sources of misconception and its critical ability to identify imperfections in the conception of the software process.     

基于混合智能技术的非线性对象优化控制模型

提出了一种工业过程优化建模的系统化方法 ,即利用模式识别优化技术 ,对生产过程数据进行优劣分区 ,选取其优区和可控区数据 ,利用结合遗传算法的人工神经网络建立对象的数据驱动模型。实验结果表明 ,该模型有较好的适应能力 ,能很好地解决复杂系统的优化控制问题。     

面向企业过程重建的事务流程模型研究与应用

作为一项组织管理新概念,企业过程重建（ＢＰＲ）不仅需要观念上的变革,亦需有与之相适应的系统化方法的支持．面向ＢＰＲ的事务流程模型作为其基础,尤为重要．本文从分析ＢＰＲ流程模型的特征需求入手,提出了一种基于扩展Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的面向ＢＰＲ的事务流程模型（ＢＰＭ）．继而探讨了其模型机制,并举例加以说明．     

批量客户化生产方式的基本概念与实施方法

论述了批量客户化生产（MassCustomization：MC）的基本概念和它在世界上的兴起,总结归纳了在产品不同的生命周期阶段（设计、制造、装配、供应链和销售服务）实现客户化生产的基本方法然后提出了企业实施MC的总体规划方法和32种可供选择的MC模式,以及经营过程重构是广大中国企业当前实施MC的有效途径的观点,并给出了重构的思路最后,提出并讨论了企业实现MC的5个支持条件：1）重塑经营理念;2）建立企业内各部门、以及企业之间的合作机制;3）建立灵活的企业组织结构;4）建立良好的技术支撑体系;和5）建立良好的员工队伍．希望本文能为我国学术界和企业界开创批量客户化生产方式的研究和实施提供新思路．     

柔顺复杂装备系统多状态动态退化演变可靠性建模与分析

针对复杂工况情形下,柔顺复杂装备系统内部关键零部件容易产生疲劳损伤,导致其在服役期内产生多状态退化迁移,难以评估系统动态退化过程可靠性的难题,本文通过采用齐次连续时间马尔可夫模型(homogeneous continuous time markov process, HCTMP),结合柔顺复杂装备系统动态退化机理,构建了柔顺复杂装备系统多状态动态退化HCTMP模型;并通过Monte Carlo模拟仿真了柔顺复杂装备系统退化失效风险.在柔顺复杂装备系统多状态动态退化HCTMP模型基础上,引入了动态瞬时期望、动态集成期望和状态滞留时间等敏感性测度指标来评估动态退化过程可靠度.案例研究表明,柔顺复杂装备系统多状态动态退化HCTMP模型能有效解决评估多状态动态退化过程的可靠性难题,为维修决策提供重要依据.     

KNOWLEDGE PROCESS ANALYSIS： FRAMEWORK AND EXPERIENCE

We present a step-by-step approach for constructing a framework for knowledge process analysis （KPA）. We intend to apply this framework to the analysis of own research projects in an exploratory way and elaborate it through the accumulation of case studies. This study is based on a methodology consisting of knowledge process modeling, primitives synthesis, and reflective verification. We describe details of the methodology and present the results of case studies： a novel methodology, a practical work guide, and a tool for KPA; insights for improving future research projects and education; and the integration of existing knowledge creation theories.     

“用复杂性方法诊断金融危机”解读——一种科学哲学的分析

1.复杂性系统的规律是可认识的并具有方法论上的启示价值;2.信息社会作为超大复杂系统具有哪些新的基本特征;3.复杂性系统的建模技巧,模型与原型,虚拟实在与真实世界之间的互动关系;4.根据复杂性方法论的基本精神,可以提出处理复杂系统的合理的设计原则。5.金融复杂系统中因有害振荡的急速传播而失稳甚至解体,乃是金融危机的实质所在。应当采取的基本对策是,通过诊断和调整其主要的特征参数,来实现维护金融复杂系统稳定性的目标。     

数字滤波法控制六辊UC轧机中的混沌

利用两种不同的数字滤波方法 ,对文献 [11]中的六辊UC轧机中的混沌进行了控制 ,给出了初步的分析和数值模拟结果 ,分析了用这种方法控制混沌的机理。这是为提高六辊轧机轧制精度的一种极为简便的方法 ,是对传统技术的新的应用 ,它展示了一个新的控制思想。最后对有关的问题进行了讨论。     

Suggestions for New Application Areas for Soft Systems Methodology in the Information Age

Soft systems methodology (SSM) is now 40?years old. Another decade has passed since Checkland??s thirty year retrospective on the methodology, published in 2000. It can now be described as an old methodology. But it has adapted and changed over the years and is still very much alive, although the days are long gone when it was mainly developed and practised by its founders at the University of Lancaster. Interestingly, considering that many applications of SSM over the years have been to information systems, it was developed before the age of personal computers and the Internet. The way SSM is viewed has changed over the years as it has been applied to various types of problem situation. Every use of SSM will potentially hold methodological lessons in addition to those about the situation of concern; these may include SSMs framework of ideas, processes and way of use. How is SSM going to change in the future? This will depend in part on the types of problem situation to which it is applied. This paper examines some problem situations associated with emerging technologies in the information age to which SSM has not yet been much applied. These include computer simulation and virtual reality, ubiquitous computing and the design of cities, Information Technology Service Management and the design of enterprise information architectures. Some of the different worldviews associated with these problem situations which could be explored using SSM are noted.     

当前仿真方法学发展中的若干问题

近十年来，由于对巨型复杂系统的研究，促使仿真方法学有了新的发展，本文讨论了一些有关问题，包括：定时仿真；面向对象的仿真，分布交互式仿真，虚拟现实等。