钇对Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

为加强Mg-Gd-Y基高强镁合金的开发,拓展镁合金的应用,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、差热分析和拉伸试验等手段,研究了Y对Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0.6Zr镁合金中,Y添加的质量分数为2％时对合金铸态组织的影响不大;当添加3％和4％会导致合金铸态组织粗化,并使合金组织中的第二相由不连续分布的细小网状变成粗大的骨骼状;添加2％～4％还可使合金挤压后的晶粒细化,其中添加2％和3％较添加4％获得更好的细化效果.此外,添加2％～4％可明显提高合金挤压后的抗拉强度和屈服强度,其中添加2％可使合金挤压后的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到348.8 MPa、256.8 MPa和14.7％.     

热处理对Mg-4.0Zn-1.0Ca-0.6Zr组织和性能的影响

采用铸造-均化-轧制工艺制备了Mg-4.0Zn-1.0Ca-0.6Zr合金,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:合金板材硬度值与抗拉强度都是随时效时间的延长先上升后下降,在12h时达到最大值,分别为71.2HV和320MPa;延伸率时效8h时最大,达19.2%,随时效时间的延长,逐渐下降.合金板材时效后力学性能的提高是由于在晶粒内部析出了大量的Mg6Ca2Zn3和MgZn强化相所致.     

热处理对Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、室温力学测试、硬度测试等方法,研究了不同热处理工艺对Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,均匀化退火能有效消除枝晶偏析、改善材料的组织和力学性能,δ提高30%;挤压可以明显改善合金的强度和塑性,相比铸态,σb提高,48%,σs提高36%,δ达到6.3%;时效可使挤压态合金的强度得到进一步提高,峰时效时,σb、σs分别达到385.6MPa、310.8MPa,但塑性有所降低,δ降低至4.1%.     

混合稀土对Mg-9Y-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、描扫电镜(SEM)、微分扫描量热仪(DSC)和力学性能测试等手段,研究了加入质量分数为0%、1%、3%和5%混合稀土对Mg-9Y-0.6Zr(WK90)镁合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明:铸态WK90合金组织由α-Mg基体及少量的共晶组织构成,添加混合稀土后,晶界处的共晶组织明显增多,并由单一共晶形式转变为层状共晶和离异共晶并存;随着混合稀土添加量的增大,共晶组织的种类及数量增多,合金DSC曲线的低熔点吸热峰总面积增大并最终发生分离;混合稀土为3%铸态合金及含混合稀土为1%的挤压态合金分别具有最高的断裂强度,影响合金强度的因素除了晶粒尺寸外,离异共晶组织的分布状态和形貌也是重要的因素.     

Nd含量对Mg-5.0Y-xNd-0.6Zr合金组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和室温拉伸研究了稀土Nd含量对Mg-5.OY-xNd-0.6Zr(x=0,1.0,1.8,2.6,3.4,4.2,质量分数/%)合金铸锭微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Nd含量增加,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从33.5μm减小到19.2μm,基体内固溶的Y和弥散分布的Mg24Y5颗粒减少,晶界上不连续网状分布的β相增多;合金的抗拉强度先增大后减小,而屈服强度先增大后趋于不变.,其最大值分别为214.5 MPa和102.8 MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率基本呈直线下降,分别从16.4%和23.8%降低到4.9%和2.7%;凝固过程中Nd、Y原子在固液界面前沿富集造成成分过冷度增大以及它们对晶粒生长的抑制作用增强是Nd细化合金晶粒的主要机理.     

Cu含量对Mg-Zn-Ca合金组织和性能的影响

为了开发适合生物医学应用的可降解镁合金,采用真空铜模铸造法制备了直径为6 mm的Mg₆₆Zn_30-xCa₄Cu_x(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)系列梯度合金。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)分别对样品的相结构、热稳定性和形貌进行了表征;同时,采用万能拉伸试验机和电化学工作站分别对样品的压缩性能和耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：直径为6 mm的棒状样品的表面为非晶态,内部为晶态;随着Cu含量的增加压缩断裂强度逐渐提高,耐腐蚀性能逐渐降低。     

Sn对Mg-5Zn-2.5Al合金微观组织与性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能试验机等分析测试设备研究了Sn对Mg-5Zn-2.5Al-xSn(x=0,1,2,3,4)(ZAT52x)合金组织结构及力学性能的影响.采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算了ZAT52x(x=0,2,4)3种合金在Scheil模型条件下液相质量分数与温度的关系以及凝固过程中的相变反应....     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

Ca,Si和RE对AZ91合金的组织和性能的影响

Ca,Si和RE合金化和复合合金化AZ91的研究结果表明：Ca单独加入合金中和Ca,Si或Ca,RE同时加入合金中都能明显改善AZ91合金的铸态组织，Si和RE在合金中以Mg2Si和Al11RE3颗粒相形式存在，而Ca则主要溶解于β-Mg17Al12中，未形成新相，DTA分析表明，Ca溶入Mg17Al12后提高了它的熔点，亦即提高了它的热稳定性，这一点对合金的高温性能十分有益，使合金的蠕变性能得到大幅提高，性能最好的是含0.3%（指质量分数，下同）的Ca和2％的RE的合金，它在200℃/50MPa下的蠕变速率相对于基体合金AZ91降低了一个数量级，单独加入Ca对铸态AZ91合金有脆化作用，但Ca,Si或Ca,RE复合加入则能大幅提高AZ91合金的室温和高温强度，同时保持了与AZ91基体合金相同的或更好的塑性。     

Ca对Mg-12Al-12Zn-2Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X-ray衍射仪、带能谱分析的扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了Ca对Mg-12Al-12Zn-2Si合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入Ca元素后合金中生成了弥散分布的Ca Si2相,可作为Mg2Si相异质形核的核心,将块状和条棒状的Mg2Si颗粒变为细小的多边形块状。当Ca含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,合金中Mg2Si颗粒较细小且弥散分布,此时,合金的室温及高温力学性能达到最大。     

Effect of annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy before and after annealing treatments were investigated. The as-extruded alloy exhibits a yield tensile strength (YTS) of 305.9 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 354.8 MPa, whereas the elongation is only 4%. After annealing, the YTS and UTS decrease to 150 MPa and 240 MPa, respectively, and the elongation increases to 28%. Interestingly, the annealed alloy maintains an acceptable stress level even after a much higher ductility is achieved. These excellent mechanical properties stem from the combined effects of fine α-Mg dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains and a homogeneously distributed icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase) in the α-Mg DRX grains. In particular, the superior ductility originates from the coherent interface of I-phase and α-Mg and from the formation of the secondary twin {1011}–{1012}(38°<1210>) in the tension twin {1012}.     

挤压变形对Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金组织与性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼铸造法制备Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金,并对该合金铸态和挤压态试样分别进行显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的对比分析.结果表明:经挤压变形后该合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒及Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相得到显著细化.挤压后屈服强度达222MPa,增大幅度高达204%,抗拉强度提高到291MPa.延伸率从铸态的11.5%上升至26%,经挤压变形后合金的断裂机制发生由脆性向韧性的转变,Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相为该合金的主要强化相.     

Gd对Mg-2Ca合金组织和性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼、金属模铸造方法制备Mg-2Ca-xGd合金,利用光学显微镜(OM)、X-射线衍射分(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和AG-10TA型微机控制电子式万能材料试验机,对铸态的合金进行显微组织、力学性能以及断口形貌分析.结果表明:Gd含量的添加,使得晶粒得到细化,在Gd质量分数为1.5%时,细化效果最为明显,之后随着Gd含量的增加,晶粒变化不大,析出相增多;Mg-2Ca-xGd合金的抗拉强度先增加后减少,硬度随着Gd含量的增加而增加.     

铸态Mg-2Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xY镁合金组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析(XRD)及力学性能测试等手段,研究不同含量稀土元素Y(4%,6%,8%,质量分数)对Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金铸态显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金中添加Y可以明显细化合金晶粒,其中加入6%Y时效果最佳;合金晶粒粒径由100μm细化至35μm。未添加稀土元素的Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4Zr铸态合金中主要存在Mg12Nd相;加入稀土元素Y后,Nd和Y分别以Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5化合物形式存在,合金的力学性能得到提高。其中加入6%Y的合金综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高至245 MPa和150 MPa,而伸长率大幅提高至16%,较未加稀土元素Y的合金提高191%;当Y含量达到8%时,合金综合力学性能下降。     

退火工艺对Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金显微组织的影响

介绍了Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金。实验利用小型轧机对挤压态Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金进行多道次轧制,研究了轧制后合金板材经不同的退火工艺处理后其显微组织随退火温度和退火时间的变化情况,观察了合金中的第二相的TEM形貌并进行能谱分析。结果表明,该镁合金在常温下可进行多道次轧制,但每两道次之间进行300℃×30 min的退火处理,总变形量可达到60%;轧制后的板材经再次退火后发生再结晶,合金中第二相为含有稀土元素的W相。     

Effects of Ce-rich RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy with duplex structure

The effects of Ce-rich RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd-x RE(x = 0, 1, 2, 3 wt%) alloys were investigated. The results indicated that the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy mainly consisted of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi, MgLi2 Al and Al2 Nd phases. With the addition of Ce-rich RE in the alloy,Al3 RE and Al2 RE phases generated and gradually grew into net-like or block-like structure. With the addition of RE, Al-RE phases generated by consuming Al element and, thus, less Al element was dissolved in the matrix and less AlLi phase formed. Furthermore, less AlLi phase means that more Li element released to cause the increase ofβ-Li phase and refine the α-Mg phase. Under the influence of these factors, adding more RE led to higher elongation and lower tensile strength and hardness. With the addition of Ce-rich RE, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy gradually decreased from 180 to 152 MPa and from 215 to 193 MPa, respectively, while the elongation was remarkably improved from 21.1% to 40.2%.     

Effect of pre-recovery on microstructure and properties of rolled Al-12.18Zn-3.31Mg-1.43Cu-0.20Zr-0.04Sr aluminum alloy

The independently designed and manufactured ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy Al-12.18 Zn-3.31 Mg-1.43 Cu-0.20 Zr-0.04 Sr was investigated via scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests, tensile tests, intergranular corrosion tests, and exfoliation corrosion tests. The effect of pre-recovery on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this aluminum alloy was also studied. The results show that the pre-recovery heat treatment releases deformation energy, inhibits recrystallization, and decreases the dislocation density. Although the pre-recovery heat treatment has little effect on the hardness, electrical conductivity, and elongation of this aluminum alloy, it can dramatically improve the alloy's tensile strength(the maximum tensile strength increased from 785.0 MPa to 809.2 MPa). Moreover, the tensile properties of this aluminum alloy have a certain degree of isotropy, and the pre-recovery heat treatment does not affect this property. In addition, the rolled aluminum alloy exhibits good corrosion resistance, but the effect of the pre-recovery heat treatment on the alloy's resistance to intergranular and exfoliation corrosion is negligible.     

Effects of P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy

The effects of Al-P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the phases of the as-cast alloy are composed of α-Mg, Mg2 Sn, Mg2 Si, little P, and AlP. The Chinese character shape Mg2 Si phase changes into a granular morphology by P addition because AlP can act as a heterogeneous nucleation core for the Mg2 Si phase. When 0.225wt% of Al–3.5%P alloy is added, the mechanical properties of the Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy are greatly improved, and the tensile strength increases from 156 to 191 MPa, an increase of 22.4% compared to the alloy without P addition. When the amount of Al–3.5%P reaches 0.300wt%, a segregation phenomenon occurs in the granular Mg2 Si phase, and the tensile strength and hardness decrease though the elongation increases.