温度对柑桔红蜘蛛Panonychus citri(McGregor)生长发育、繁殖和寿命影响的研究

本研究系统地研究温度对柑桔红蜘蛛生长发育、繁殖和寿命的影响。柑桔红蜘蛛卵、幼螨、前若螨和后若螨的发育起点温度分别为9.0、10.7、9.8和11.0℃,发育有效积温分别为107.6、36.4、30.3和29.5日度。从卵发育至成螨需有效积温206.0日度。各螨态发育速率(V)与温度(t)关系,回归式分别是:卵:V=-0.0825 0.0093t;幼螨:V=-O.2939 0.0275t;前若螨:V=-0.3229 0.0330t;后若螨:V=-0.3181 0.0311t;卵至成螨:V=-0.0468 0.0049t。柑桔红蜘蛛各螨态在20～25℃下死亡串低,超出此范围的温度对生存不利,死亡率高。柑桔红蜘蛛雌雄性比在不同温度下不同,以25℃下最高。成螨寿命与温度成负相关。雌成螨寿命(Y:天)与温度(X:℃)的直线回归式为Y=23.11-0.546X.雄螨为:Y=13.70-0.320X。每雌平均产卵量(Y)与温度(X)成二次三项式曲线回归,模拟方程为Y=-24.8714 4.3234X-O.0954X~2。25℃下产卵量最大。种群增长指数在25℃下最高,低温和高温不利种群增长,特别是温度大于25℃,种群增长指数急剧下降,35℃下种群出现负增长。     

温度对三突花蛛发育和繁殖力影响的研究

研究了温度对三突花蛛发育和繁殖的影响，结果表明：（１）在３５℃恒温下，卵不能孵化；（２）在１５℃～３２℃恒温条件下，随温度升高历期逐渐缩短，蜕皮次数也随之减少。发育及生殖的最适温度为２５℃，以２５℃～３０℃恒温度条件下幼蛛的存活率最高；（３）２８℃下产卵率最高，产卵量也最大，２５℃下孵化率最高，３０℃下生育力最强，三突花蛛在繁殖上具有种的稳定性。根据实验数据所呈现的规律，建立了模拟温度对三突花蛛发育、存活和生殖影响的数学模型；组建了其在５种温度下的实验种群生命表。讨论了影响三突花蛛生活史的有关系参数及其生物学意义。     

蛇鮈的产卵习性及胚胎发育

蛇　每年３～４月产卵，产卵下限温度１２℃．产卵环境特点：微流水，底质为卵石和沙质的浅水河滩．集群产卵，繁殖群体的性比为♀：♂＝８：１．卵微粘性，卵径１．０～１．１ｍｍ，比重略大于水．在水温１５．０～１８．３℃条件下，观察了胚胎及胚后发育过程：受精后１ｈ６ｍｉｎ，胚盘形成；再过２５ｈ４ｍｉｎ后，胚孔封闭．从受精到孵化历时８１～８２ｈ，初孵仔鱼全长４．５ｍｍ．孵出后第１０ｄ，卵黄囊消失，全长６．４ｍｍ．讨论了蛇　卵的类型和配对方式等问题     

光温湿因子对三种果实蝇种群生殖力影响的比较研究

本文研究（ａ）稳定的温度和相对湿度（２５℃，ＲＨ７５％～９５％），不同光周期（Ｌ：Ｄ＝８：１８～１６：８）的条件和（ｂ）周期性变化的温度、相对湿度和不同光周期下（２０～２５℃，ＲＨ７５％～７５％，Ｌ：Ｄ＝１０：１４；２５～３２℃，ＲＨ７５％～９５％，Ｌ：Ｄ＝１４：１０）对瓜实蝇Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｅ南瓜实蝇Ｂ．ｔａｕ和桔小实蝇Ｂ．ｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ种群生殖力的影响，结果表明，中长期光照对三种实蝇的种群增殖稍为有利，短光周期对南瓜实蝇种群的增殖不利。不论是在稳定的温度和相对湿度，不同光周期条件下，或在周期性变化的温度和相对湿度，稳定的光周期条件下，３种实蝇的生殖期长，产卵量大，世代重迭，而桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的产卵较集中，在２０～２５℃周期性变动的条件下，５０％Σｌ＿ｘｍ＿ｘ在成虫开始产卵后６饲左右，瓜实蝇则要１３０～１４０ｄ；在２５～３２℃，桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的５０％Σｌ＿ｘｍ＿ｘ为４０ｄ，而瓜实蝇要７０ｄ，桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的种群增殖速度快，种群在短时间内能迅速形成增殖高峰，是典型的ｒ生态对策，瓜实蝇的产卵前期较长，产卵期长，卵几乎均匀分布于产卵过程，属于偏ｒ生态对策。     

植物精油对朱砂叶螨的毒性试验

用２６种植物精油在５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度下熏杀朱砂叶螨２４ｈ，死亡率为１００％的有１０种精油，死亡率在５０％～９９％之间的有８种，死亡率低于５０％的有８种；冬青油、香茅油、薄荷油对朱砂叶螨的毒力ＬＣ５０值分别为０２８９４，０３６６８，０３４７９ｍｇ／Ｌ；冬青油与香茅油合用显示出明显的增效作用，毒性比率为１２８～１４３．结果表明，植物精油对朱砂叶螨有强烈的熏杀毒力．     

山瑞鳖产卵与孵化研究

１９９７年对山瑞鳖的产卵和孵化进行了研究,结果表明：人工养殖的山瑞鳖产卵期为每年的５～８月份,６～７月份为产卵高峰期。产卵次数１年１次,每窝产卵数量２～２８只不等,最多出现为１１只／窝,平均１１．０２只／窝,全年卵受精率６４．７７％,山瑞鳖卵平均重９．５８ｇ,受精卵在产山８～２０ｄ;恒温孵化时,随孵化温度的上升,卵化所需时间减少,积温减少,但在３３℃时,胚胎在发育早期死亡,无鳖孵出,孵化温度为２８     

蛇Ju的产卵习性及胚胎发育

蛇Ｊｕ每年３－４月产卵，产卵下限温度１２℃，产卵环境特点：微流水，底质为卵石和沙质的浅水河滩，集群产卵，繁殖群体性比为♀：♂＝８：１，卵微粘性，卵径１．０－１．１ｍｍ，比重略大于水，在水温１５．０－１８．３℃条件下，观察了胚胎及胚后发育过程，：受精后１ｈ６ｍｉｎ，胚盘形成；再过２５ｈ４ｍｉｎ后，胚孔封闭，从受精到孵化历时８１－８２ｈ，初孵仔鱼全长４．５ｍｍ，孵出后第１０ｄ，卵黄囊消失，全长６．４ｍ     

咸阳多索线虫生活史的研究

对咸阳多索线虫Ａｇａｍｅｒｍｉｓ ｘｉａｎｙａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｂａｏ的研究表明，其生活史为一年一代。在１８℃～２５℃条件下，卵内发育约需２５ｄ，Ⅱ期幼虫维持感染活力１～７ｄ，寄生期２５～３０ｄ。５月上旬开始产卵，６月为Ⅱ期幼虫孵出高峰期，７月为寄生高峰期，１１月至次年４月上旬寄生后斯功虫脱皮为成虫，５月上旬产卵并开始下一个周期。     

二斑叶螨生物学研究

通过月季花上二斑叶螨的室内饲养，对其生物学特性进行了研究，研究结果表明：二斑叶螨在19．5～26．0℃变温条件下，其发育历期为16．2天，雌成螨在23．5～26．0℃变温条件下，寿命是12．54天，产卵量是27．63粒，平均日产卵量6．32粒，卵的孵化率为72．5％。     

德氏钝绥螨对桔全爪螨捕食作用研究(Ⅱ)

本文以 Box car模型为框架,在“研究（Ⅰ）”的基础上,组建了德氏钝绥螨—桔全爪螨种群模拟模型.经验证表明,该模型对实验种群能较好拟合.在假设的四种投放德氏钝绥螨情况下,运用模型演示了桔全爪螨种群增长过程,其模拟结果对于指导利用德氏钝绥螨防治桔全爪螨有实际意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-