儿童麻疹肺炎胸部CT影像学特点

目的:分析儿童麻疹肺炎的胸部影像学表现特点,提高对该病的影像学诊断能力及其远期并发症如闭塞性细支气管炎(BO)的早期识别能力.方法:91例患者均行胸部CT扫描,总结其CT及高分辨率CT(HRCT)资料,分析该病的影像学特点.结果:胸部CT表现:肺间质损害91例;片絮影57例,其中受累肺叶数≥3者32例;肺实变34例,累及肺叶数≥3者18例;磨玻璃影54例,胸膜增厚24例;纵隔气肿5例,气胸2例.63例患者存在小气道病变,其中,细支气管壁增厚52例,马赛克灌注征26例,小叶中心结节影22例,树芽征9例.17例重症麻疹肺炎患者在随访过程中,5例患者胸部HRCT一直显示有小气道病变.结论:儿童麻疹肺炎以肺间质损害合并双肺多灶性斑片影为主要改变,常常伴有磨玻璃影、胸膜病变;合并小气道病变常见,如出现小气道改变,尤其是重症患者,应进行临床及胸部HRCT随访除外闭塞性细支气管炎.     

17例弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌的CT特征分析

目的：回顾性分析17例弥漫型细支气管肺泡癌（DBAC）的CT表现,探讨其特征性CT征象。方法：17例病理证实DBAC,其中实变型13例,多结节型4例。同时搜集13例叶／段性肺炎为对照组。结果：实变型DBAC表现单叶／段实变（31％）、多叶／段实变（69％）、实变阴影内出现特征性支气管气相（77％）、泡状透亮影（54％0、毛玻璃样密度影（39％）、叶间胸膜膨出（215）。多结节型DBAC表现以两侧中下肺野为主的弥漫性腺泡结节,部分见空泡征和泡状透亮影。3例伴有母瘤,母瘤边缘有毛棘,内有空泡征。结论：实变叶／段出现下列一种CT征象提示实变型DBAC：（1）特征性支气管气相;（2）泡状透亮影;（3）磨玻璃样密度影。肺叶容积增大及动态CT变化有助于实变型DBAC的诊断。多发性肺泡征和泡状透亮影则可以诊断多结节型DBAC。母瘤的出现及其形态不表现有利于DBAC的诊断。     

CT对肺原发性淋巴瘤征象的分析探讨

分析肺原发性淋巴瘤的CT表现,提高诊断水平。方法:2003年5月至2012年8月经病理及免疫组织化学证实的肺原发性淋巴瘤7例患者的CT征象进行分析。结果:CT表现:团块型2例,呈肿块样改变,密度较均匀,其中1例表现支气管充气相,边缘较清晰;结节、斑点片型2例,均有支气管充气相;多形态混合型3例,结节、斑点片状、团块、条索状、蜂窝样混杂影,病变呈单一或多种形态改变,病变内支气管充气相2例,多肺叶、肺段表现3例,蜂窝样改变2例。其中5例结节、团块病变增强检查时表现为轻至中度强化,3例病灶内可见走形正常的血管影。结论:肺原发性淋巴瘤CT影像表现可为单一形态或多种形态同时存在,以团块型和混合型多见,支气管充气相,多肺叶、肺段分布,蜂窝样改变,结节、团块轻至中度强化,病变内可见血管正常走形,病变形态与单纯炎症、肺癌影像表现不完全一致,与患者临床表现不相符,对诊断该疾病有一定的临床意义。     

实验性肺纤维化HRCT表现及其病理学基础相关性研究

探讨博莱霉素(BLM)致纤维化肺组织HRCT征象与病理学改变以及血管内皮细胞(EC)功能变化间的关系,将健康SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组各40只。每只大鼠行HRCT扫描后,检测外周血中vWf水平,并取左下肺叶供制作病理标本。结果实验组大鼠外周血血清vWf水平均高于对照组,以3d组为著(P<0.01),以后随病程渐趋下降,但28d组仍高于对照组(P<0.05)。小叶间隔增厚、胸膜增厚、磨玻璃样影、双肺实变影及蜂窝肺优势地分布在肺的中外带,而支气管血管束增粗、结节及微结节影主要分布于肺的内中带。多数磨玻璃样影和实变影出现在3d和7d组,部分出现在14d组。多数的小叶间隔增厚、支气管血管束增粗及胸膜增厚见于7d以后。胸膜下弧线影在各组中的分布无差异。蜂窝肺均出现在14d组和28d组,以28d组为主。说明PF不同的临床病程有不同的病理改变,HRCT能较准确反应PF的病理变化,并与PF病程有一定的相关性。EC损伤与PF发生发展过程密切相关。     

细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT表现及诊断

探讨细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT征象特点,结合临床表现,提高该病的诊断;回顾性分析经病理证实的16例细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT表现,其中女性10例,男牲6例,年龄33～76岁,平均56．63岁。16例均进行了CT检查;孤立结节或肿块型者6例,其最大径1．5—7．0cm,平均约3．2cm。边缘有毛刺征者4例,有分叶征者2例,中心坏死呈相对低密度者2例。弥漫型者7例,其中4例合并较大结节或肿块,2例肿块边缘呈分叶征,3例肿块边缘有毛刺征,1例肿块中央发生坏死呈相对低密度,1例肿块内有斑片状高密度钙化。其中1例在多发结节的基础上,沿支气管分布多发壁厚薄不均的薄壁小空腔影。节段型者3例,2例有支气管气像征。合并双侧或单侧胸腔积液者6例,心包积液者1例,纵隔内淋巴结肿大者4例,骨盆骨转移者1例;细支气管肺泡细胞癌的CT表现复杂,临床表现不典型,多种方法综合分析,有助于该病的发现和诊断。     

肺泡蛋白沉积症6例临床分析

目的:研究肺泡蛋白沉积症的临床特征,诊治方法,提高临床诊治水平,减少误诊、误治.方法:分析近9年来收治患者的临床特征,肺部影像学表现,总结诊治经验,分析误诊、误治原因.结果:患者多表现为活动后气促,咳嗽.胸部高分辨CT主要征象:双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影6例,呈地图样分布5例,铺路石征3例,支气管充气征2例.仅凭胸部CT,误诊率高,入院前3例误诊肺炎,1例误诊肺结核,1例误诊特发性肺间质纤维化.6例患者入院后经肺泡灌洗液、支气管肺活检确诊.肺泡灌洗治疗后症状改善.结论:肺泡蛋白沉积症临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断有一定困难,仅凭胸部高分辨CT检查,误诊、误治普遍.当患者有活动后气促,胸部HRCT呈地图样、铺路石样改变时,需考虑PAP.肺泡灌洗是最有效治疗方法.诊断不清时避免盲目治疗.     

32例造血干细胞移植受者肺部并发症的CT表现

目的:探讨造血干细胞移植(HSCT)受者肺部并发症的CT表现。方法:对32例HSCT受者肺部并发症的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果:21例发生已确诊或临床诊断的肺部并发症22例次:真菌性肺炎13例次,主要表现为结节和(或)团块状影,部分出现空洞,空洞内可见分隔征及空洞周围见晕征;巨细胞病毒性肺炎3例次,主要表现为磨玻璃样密度,气腔实变及网织状改变;细菌性肺炎3例次,主要表现为气腔实变及结节影;闭塞性细支气管炎1例次,表现为双肺弥漫性支气管扩张、管壁增厚;白血病肺部浸润1例次,表现为左上肺单发结节,伴晕征;肺结节病1例次,表现为纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大,右上肺大片状气腔实变并双肺弥漫性粟粒结节。32例患者中,铺路石征3例,发生率为9.4%,该3例病人均在胸部CT检查发现铺路石征后40 d内死于呼吸衰竭。结论:本组32例HSCT受者肺部并发症的CT表现多种多样,其中空洞伴分隔征或晕征高度提示真菌性肺炎,出现铺路石征可能提示预后差。     

弥漫性泛细支气管炎的CT诊断

目的探讨弥漫性泛细支气管炎的CT诊断价值。方法回顾性分析13例经临床或病理证实的弥漫性泛细支气管炎的CT表现特征。结果13例患者CT表现小结节影12例（92．3％）,其中8例HRCT显示小结节近侧端有“Y”字型或线状高密度影;支气管扩张11例（84．6％）;空气潴留征6例（46．1％）;肺间质纤维化3例（23．0％）;多形态病变7例（53．8％）。结论弥漫性泛细支气管炎CT表现具有一定的特征性,HRCT有助于提高本病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

60例成人支原体肺炎的临床及CT影像特征

目的:分析成人支原体肺炎的临床特征及CT表现,旨在提高对该病的认识及与其他肺炎的鉴别.方法:回顾性总结支原体核酸检测阳性的60名成人支原体肺炎患者的临床及影像学资料,探讨其临床及影像学特点.结果:全组年龄处于18～35岁占75%,表现为高热占55%.实验室检查:83%白细胞计数(WBC)正常,60%中性粒细胞百分比升高,98%C反应蛋白(CRP)增高.CT影像表现:病变累及单个肺叶占73%,累及右肺下叶占47%;小叶中心分布占90%;呈团片状占62%,呈磨玻璃影占80%,肺实变占38%;病灶边缘欠清占68%,75%见树芽征,85%支气管壁增厚,38%见支气管气象;2%见胸腔积液,未见合并空洞.结论:成人支原体肺炎大多数见于青年人,临床表现以高热常见;常见中性粒细胞百分比及CRP增高且不伴有WBC增高.CT以右肺下叶受累为主,常见小叶中心分布的团片状、边缘欠清的磨玻璃样影,伴或不伴肺实变,罕见胸腔积液及肺空洞,支气管壁增厚及树芽征多见,支气管气象相对少见;不同于常见细菌性肺炎的以实变为主并伴支气管气象;虽然与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)同样多表现为磨玻璃密度影,但支原体肺炎以小叶中心分布为主,伴有支气管壁增厚及树芽征.     

孤立性肺结节~(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像学特点及临床分析

回顾性分析102例孤立性肺结节(SPN)病例,搜集患者的性别、年龄、临床症状、实验室检查及影像学特点。在102例病例中,70例确诊为肺癌,32例为良性病变,男46例,女56例,平均年龄(58.0±11.5)岁,结节标准化摄取值(3.70±3.54)(SUVmax值),均经病理学诊断或者随访3年以上;~(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查的灵敏性、特异性、精确度分别为88.1%、85.7%、87.4%,SPN为肺癌结节中,年龄≥55较年龄55的明显多,血清肿瘤标记物在良恶性结节中数据差异无统计学意义,SPN有无分叶、毛刺、空泡征、胸膜凹陷征在良恶性结节诊断中数据差异有统计学意义,FDG糖代谢比值(T/NT)良恶性数据差异无统计学意义。通过对102例孤立性肺结节的临床及影像学~(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像学特点研究分析,表明~(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像学特点及临床表现对良恶性的诊断有重要参考价值,~(18)F-FDG PET/CT可为无法获得病理结果患者提供理想的诊断手段。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that