Shock effects on some cryptogamic plants

Résumé La turgescence de la cellule et la plasticité de sa paroi subissent des changements après le choc; la condition de latence et la sporogénèse sont accélérées. Les organisms blessés régénèrent. Il se peut que la forme de la cellule détermine la sensibilité à la pression du choc.     

Shock effect on plants: Oxygen evolution of Elodea

Résumé Une augmentation rapide de la pression, produit comme une rafale d'air dans un tube de choc réduit chez Elodea la photosynthèse à 27% après une exposition de 20, à 44% après une exposition de 40, et à 74% après une exposition de 50 (1,21, 2,41, et 3,02 kg/cm² respectivement).     

Tannic acid inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue and insulin receptor function in vitro

Tannins occur naturally in relatively abundant amounts in fruits, herbal medicines and common beverages. Thus an understanding of how these polyphenols affect peptide hormone action is of importance. We report here that tannic acid (a hydrolysable tannin) inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue in vitro, with an IC₅₀ estimated to be about 350 M. However, its monomer, gallic acid, did not show a similar inhibitory effect at concentrations up to 1 mM. The inhibition by tannic acid was less evident with higher concentrations of bovine serum albumin in the incubation buffer. This was attributed to the formation of a tannin-protein complex between bovine serum albumin and tannic acid. In a binding assay, it was observed that the specific binding of insulin to its receptor was not inhibited by tannic acid in the concentration range 0–200 M. However, insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, and receptor-associated tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of RR-SRC peptide, were inhibited by tannic acid at concentrations as low as 25 M. Our data do not support the current speculation that tannins affect the activity of peptide hormones by binding to them. Therefore, our finding opens up a new perspective in the understanding of the mode of action of tannins on such hormones.     

Influence of Prometryne and Ioxynil on photosynthesis and nucleic acid metabolism in plants

Zusammenfassung Spinatpflanzen (Spinacia oleracea L.) wurden in einer Nährlösung, welche die Herbizide Ioxynil respektive Prometryn enthielten, kultiviert. Es zeigte sich, dass in den Blättern dieser Pflanzen der³²P-Einbau in die Nukleinsäuren beeinflusst wurde, bevor eine Hemmung der photosynthetischen CO₂-Fixierung eintrat.     

Shock effects onEuglena gracilis: The effect of the pressure duration

Résumé Les cultures d'Euglena gracilis ont été soumises à des chocs de 20 et 40 (1.21 et 2.41 kg/cm²). La pression engendrée par une pulsation durait de 25µsec, 4 et 10 sec. La durée de la pression servit de critère pour évaluer les effets des niveaux élevés du choc atmosphérique sur le photo-thermotropisme d'Euglena gracilis.

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This work was supported in part by funds from Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, through the U.S. Geological Survey, under A.R.P.A. Order No, 938. Special thanks are expressed to Dr. C. L.Newcombe of San Francisco State College, and Dr. T.Sh. Hansford of the Geological Survey for making this study possible.     

Some cellular and molecular properties of abscisic acid: its particular involvement in growing plant roots

Several characteristics of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are critically discussed, more or less directly, in relation to the extension of root cells. A few topics have been selected some biochemical characteristics of ABA (chemical structure, metabolism), inhibiting-β complex, inhibiting regulators from root caps, endogenous ABA in growing roots (ABA gradients, microsurgical experiments, light effects), applied ABA on elongating roots, ABA and indol-3yl acetic acid (IAA) interactions (root growth, proton extrusion, hormone transport, auxin herbicides), ABA effect on the root cell cycle, ABA and drought cells of elongating roots [water deficit conditions, IAA and jasmonic acid (JA) as ‘stress hormones’ other than ABA, gene expression]. Received 28 January 1998; received after revision 20 April 1998; accepted 21 April 1998     

Shock effects on the growth of radish seedlings: the effect of the pressure duration

Résumé Des semis de radis furent soumis à la pression produite par un choc atmosphérique. La pression engendrée par une pulsation augmentant rapidement durait de 0, 1 à 14 sec. La durée de la pression servit de critère pour évaluer les effets des niveaux élevés du choc atmosphérique.     

Nicotine and ascorbic acid effects on cold-restraint ulcers in rats

Summary Rats were orally administered 1-ascorbic acid, nicotine, 1-ascorbic acid and nicotine, or distilled water for 10 days. Following this treatment they were fasted for 24 h and then restrained in a cold environment for 2h. Nicotine alone produced significantly more gastric ulcers than any other treatment. 1-Ascorbic acid increased ulceration relative to controls. The combined effects of 1-ascorbic acid and nicotine resulted in reduced ulcer incidence and severity. It appears that 1-ascorbic acid and nicotine do not act synergistically to augment stress-induced gastric ulcer. Supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant No. A 6312.     

Inhibiting effects of volatile constituents of plants on pollen growth

Summary Volatile constituents of parts of plants inhibited the germination ofCamelia sinensis pollen grains. Growing pollen tubes were affected by a 1-sec treatment with volatile constituents ofAllium, and tubes treated for 4–6 sec swelled abnormally at the tips and stopped growing; the reaction resembled that of pollen irradiated with -rays at 200 kR.     

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide: early effects on peripheral nerve conduction velocity

This report describes the effects of short treatments with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid), 300 mg/kg/day, on conduction velocity in the rat tail dorsal nerve trunk. After 6 days of continuous treatment, conduction velocity falls significantly for measurements made at 35 degrees C. After 10 days it falls significantly at both 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. This appears to be the first electrophysiological corroboration of the early neuropathological changes recently observed in isoniazid treated rats and seems to provide evidence that the temperature at which the experiments are made is important in determining conduction velocity changes.     

Studies in medicinal plants. Part III. Protoberberine alkaloids from the roots ofCissampelos pareira linn

Zusammenfassung Cissaminechlorid aus den Wurzeln vonCissampelos pareira Linn. ist als Protoberberin-Alkaloid erkannt und mit Cyclanolinechlorid ausStephania terandra identifiziert worden.

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Communication No. 1270 from the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (India).