Seismic P-wave tomography in eastern Tibet: Formation of the rifts

For better studying the relationship between the rifts and deep structure, a detailed P-wave velocity structure under eastern Tibet has been modeled using 4767 arrival times from 169 teleseismic events recorded by 51 portable stations. In horizontal slices through the model, a prominent low-velocity anomaly was detected under the rifts from the surface to a depth of ~250 km; this extends to a depth of ~400 km in the vertical slice. This low-velocity anomaly is interpreted as an upper mantle upwelling. The o...     

福建地区深部电性分布的某些特征

闽省沿海陆区广泛分布有中-新生代火山岩系,为古岛弧构造的产物,是我国东南沿海裂谷带的一个组成部分。大地电磁测深工作结果发现,区内漳州、闽侯测点壳内高导层埋深特别浅,仅8km。经地质、地球物理资料的综合分析,并和世界大陆裂谷区作对比,认为本区深部电性分布反映了裂谷区的特点,可作为裂谷的佐证。     

台中-晋江横向构造带对福建现代地壳变形和地震的影响

台中-晋江横向构造带是一条重要的断裂带,控制了福建地区新生代地壳变形和现今地壳运动的南北差异。研究表明,受该断裂带控制,形成福建现代地壳运动南北分区,地壳活动南强北弱、南升北降的特点;历史中强地震基本分布在断裂以南的东部和邻近海域地区,形成南部地震集中区;1999--2006年环境剪应力值高值区集中分布在台中-晋江横向构造带以南,也反映了南强北弱、南北分区的特点。     

布格重力异常的“深化”解释

文章对跨越大足重力高和龙门山褶皱带的重庆－黑水重力剖面作了解释。解释时根据深地震测深和面波频散层析成像的结果，用二维模型进行正演拟合。根据计算结果得出：在作区域重力异常解释时，除要考虑莫霍面及其以上各密度层的影响外，尚应考虑上地幔顶部的密度变化。     

中天山冰达坂一带斜长花岗岩的地球化学特征

通过地质和地球化学特征的研究,认为中天山隆起带北缘冰达坂地区的斜长花岗岩具有明显的幔源性质,但由于富集轻稀土和选择性富集大用于亲石元素,故其形成环境与岛弧构造体制有关,是被俯冲组分（或上壳岩石）所改造了的地幔岩浆在浅成条件下演化的产物。     

登封观星台地基超高密度背景噪声探测

许多古建筑由于地基发生形变存在倾斜、坍塌等严重安全问题,古建筑地基探测及稳定性评价是进行安全预防的重要环节。背景噪声成像方法由于不依赖人工震源的特性,对探测区域无任何损害,利用其进行文物地基探测具有不损害文物的优势。应用该方法对河南省登封观星台地基情况进行超高密度无损探测。在观星台周围布设6条测线采集24 h数据进行互相关计算,叠加得到高信噪比虚拟地震单炮记录,利用相移法提取虚拟地震单炮记录中的面波频散曲线,设立10米10层模型,反演得到地下0～10 m地层的S波速度结构,S波速度处于170～340 m/s。探测结果显示观星台地基成层性良好,无低速异常体,层位与探槽情况吻合,推测地基结构坚实稳固。     

An experimental study of phase transformations in olivine under pressure and temperature conditions corresponding to the mantle transition zone

High-pressure polymorphs of olivine (wadsleyite and ringwoodite) are major minerals in the mantle transition zone (MTZ).Phase transformations in olivine are important for a series of geodynamic problems such as the mineralogical and evolutionary history of the mantle,mantle convection patterns,and deep focus earthquakes in subduction zones.In this study,we examine phase transformations in olivine with two compositions,namely Mg 2 SiO 4 (Fo 100) and (Mg 0.9 Fe 0.1) 2 SiO 4 (Fo 90),at pressures between 14.1 and 20 GPa and a constant temperature of 1400°C,using the newly installed multi-anvil system at the Laboratory for Studies of the Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI),China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).At 14.1 GPa,Fo 90 transformed completely into the wadsleyite structure (β),while Fo 100 remained as olivine (α).Between 14.8 and 15.6 GPa,both Fo 100 and Fo 90 transformed into the wadsleyite structure.Wadsleyite crystals were identified by two characteristic Raman peaks between 722 and 723 and 917 and 919 cm 1.They exhibit a bimodal grain size distribution:large-crystals with average grain sizes greater than 100 μm and microcrystals less than 10 μm.The population of microcrystals increased with pressure,apparently due to the increase in over-pressure (the difference between the experimental pressure condition and the equilibrium transformation pressure at 1400°C),which promotes nucleation and retards grain growth.All run charges contained large numbers of wadsleyite microcrystals,because of the low activation energy of the nucleation process.The experimentally observed microstructure may shed light on the morphology of wadsleyite observed in shocked meteorites.At 19.5 GPa,wadsleyite coexisted with ringwoodite (γ) in Fo 100,but was absent in Fo 90.At 20 GPa,both samples transformed completely into ringwoodite,which was characterized by the 798 and 840 cm 1 Raman lines.Ringwoodite crystals are euhedral grains (average grain size 10-20 μm),with well-developed triple junctions.The complex upper mantle structure in eastern China determined from seismological studies cannot be explained by the simple transformation sequence of the olivine system alone.Phase transformations in other pyroxene-normative components (including pyroxenes and garnets) and the interaction of these components with olivine may be responsible for the complex structure.High-pressure and high-temperature experimental studies on complex systems (e.g.olivine-pyroxene),combined with data from geophysical exploration,may help in establishing a more realistic geological-petrological model for eastern China and further our understanding of the possible physical mechanisms that are responsible for the complex structure.Such studies will have profound implications for understanding the dynamic processes in the deep Earth interior.     

峨眉山大火成岩省内带中酸性岩浆岩对地幔柱岩浆过程及地壳熔融机制的启示

峨眉山大火成岩省内带攀西地区分布大量晚二叠世中酸性岩浆岩,其成因机制对深化理解地幔柱岩浆作用过程、壳幔物质结构及特殊的金属元素成矿作用具有重要意义。这些中酸性岩浆岩包括中性碱性岩和花岗岩,形成时代集中于251~259 Ma左右,稍晚于峨眉山溢流玄武岩的形成时代(~260 Ma)。目前,对于这套中酸性岩浆岩的成因还存在争议,主要有玄武质岩浆的结晶分异和地壳物质的高温部分熔融两种观点。文中对峨眉山大火成岩省内带这套中酸性岩浆岩的岩石组成、空间展布、形成时代及成因机制等方面的研究进展进行了详细评述,提出对这套中酸性岩浆岩高精度年代学的研究可以进一步约束峨眉山地幔柱岩浆作用的时限。而从矿物化学的角度,深入研究这套中酸性岩浆岩的成因,不仅是对地幔柱岩浆过程的重要补充,同时对深入研究地幔柱背景下岩石圈地幔和地壳物质的分异及增生机制有重要意义。     

Body Waves Revealed by Spatial Stacking on Long-Term Cross-Correlation of Ambient Noise

ABSTRCT: Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that complete Green’s Function can be retrieved from cross-correlation in a diffuse field. High SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) surface waves have bee...     

次声台站环境背景噪声源特性分析

气象要素是影响次声台站背景噪声建模的重要因素,为确定各气象要素对模型的具体影响,探明次声台站环境背景噪声的产生根源,采用研究均方根值、功率谱密度对比分析的方法对国际次声台站I34的次声数据和气象数据进行了处理和分析,分析了各气象要素产生台站环境背景噪声的原因。结果表明:风速、风向、温度和压强为影响次声台站环境背景噪声的主要因素,其中风速对背景噪声的影响程度最大。分析结果可为次声台站背景噪声建模提供理论依据。