Ancient chronology. Astronomical orientation of the pyramids

Spence speculates that Egypt's pyramid builders found true north by using a plumb line: when the stars Kochab and Mizar were seen on the same vertical, one was facing north. As evidence in support of this hypothesis, she points to the proposed interstar-line precession past the north celestial pole at a rate of 27' per century (cy). We argue that a mathematical error affects this result, which when corrected points more strongly to a different pair of stars. This suggests that the conventional ancient chronology, instead of being compressed, may actually have to be expanded slightly.     

论天文季节和天文气候带的成因

以日地距离、太阳赤纬和地理纬度等因子为根据，定量地论述了天文季节和天文气候带的形成，阐明了导致地球上热量时空分布的根本因素是太阳的天文辐射．     

Long-period astronomical forcing of mammal turnover

Mammals are among the fastest-radiating groups, being characterized by a mean species lifespan of the order of 2.5 million years (Myr). The basis for this characteristic timescale of origination, extinction and turnover is not well understood. Various studies have invoked climate change to explain mammalian species turnover, but other studies have either challenged or only partly confirmed the climate-turnover hypothesis. Here we use an exceptionally long (24.5-2.5 Myr ago), dense, and well-dated terrestrial record of rodent lineages from central Spain, and show the existence of turnover cycles with periods of 2.4-2.5 and 1.0 Myr. We link these cycles to low-frequency modulations of Milankovitch oscillations, and show that pulses of turnover occur at minima of the 2.37-Myr eccentricity cycle and nodes of the 1.2-Myr obliquity cycle. Because obliquity nodes and eccentricity minima are associated with ice sheet expansion and cooling and affect regional precipitation, we infer that long-period astronomical climate forcing is a major determinant of species turnover in small mammals and probably other groups as well.     

金代司天台位置考

根据已知的中国古代观象台方位,对金代司天台位置进行初次探讨．认为：第一,按照东汉灵台的位王推测,应住于金皇宫的南面即南郊;第二,按金中都皇城宫城复原示困中拜天台的方位推断应在皇城东南方向;第三,按元明清观星台的位置类推金司天台方位应在现在的丰台区右安门外东南一带．另外,从明朝建的天坛是位于皇城的东南方向;明朝建的日坛是位于宫城偏东南方向．     

天文大气折射与映射函数的数值模拟

为了研究天文大气折射与中性大气折射延迟之间的内在联系,利用天文大气折射表的表列数据对大气折射延迟的映射函数进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,用天文大气折射测定值模拟映射函数是可行的;同时也表明,映射函数的形式是次要的,随着连分式项数的增加可以提高模拟的精度.该结论对于改善大气折射数据处理的归算精度,降低仪器的观测截止角,和提高仪器的使用效应具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

天文选址高空风速特性研究

利用国家气象信息中心气象资料室整编的1951–2008年中国高空规定层月值数据集中的风速要素,研究200hPa高空风速的空间分布与季节变化特征,并选取代表台站研究其风速垂直廓线.结果表明以嫩江为代表的东北北部、和以北塔山为代表的西北北部高空风速较适宜天文观测,可以达到国际优良台站的标准;云南思茅、新疆西部的喀什、藏南定日地区次之;位于年平均高空急流附近的江南华南等地高空风速条件较差.     

明清南京回回天文学工作略论

回回天文历法在元代已开始使用．但未留下详细的文字资料．论述了明清时南京回回天文工作概况：明初由回回天文学家马沙亦黑、马合麻等在南京将回回历法译为汉文；明代成立了回回天文研究机构，在南京雨花台建回回观星台；清初梅文鼎在南京的朋友马德称是马合麻的后人．他存有《四省表影立成》等回回天文历法著作．     

埃及法老时期的分数及其应用

埃及法老时期用所谓单位分数。本文主要依据莫斯科数学草纸和莱茵数学草纸,具体分析了古埃及数学家进行分数运算的方法,说明他们为克服算法方面遇到的困难作出了卓越的努力,指出为把算术和代数提高到更高的水平,用除法定义分数是必然的途径。     

Progress of research on anomalies of astronomical time and latitude observations before earthquake

This paper introduces the discovery of the phenomenon that short-term anomalous fluctuations appeared in residuals of astronomical time and latitude observations before earthquakes and the progress of related researches carried out for many years.The relations between the anomalous variations of time and latitude residuals of astronomical time and latitude instruments in different regions and the earthquakes around these instruments as well as the characteristics of residuals’ anomalous variations are analyzed.The significance of the anomalous fluctuations in residuals of astronomical time and latitude caused by the anomalous variations of the local plumb line before earthquake and detecting the vertical variation with astronomical time and latitude observations as well as the importance of carrying out further researches are discoursed.The possibility that the phenomenon will become an effective short-term earthquakes precursor,the current situations and the problems to be solved,are discussed.Also we offer the proposals to develop new roboticized astrometric instruments with high-precision and set up test observation networks in earthquake-prone areas in order to do research in-depth,optimize methods of observing and extracting anomalous information for short-term earthquake prediction,and so on.     

企业技术导向和顾客导向对创新绩效影响的实证研究

在知识全球化和经济竞争日益激烈的商业背景下,增强企业的自主创新能力成为获取企业竞争优势的关键.首先基于文献评述提出技术导向和顾客导向与创新绩效之间关系的假设,然后,利用上海市104家创新型中小型企业的有效样本数据进行实证分析.结果表明：顾客导向和技术导向对企业高新产品收入有显著的正向影响;顾客导向和技术导向各自对专利数并无显著影响,但两者的交互作用对专利数产生显著影响.     

茶马古道与百越古道

文章论述了茶马古道的由来和研究现状,论述了茶马古道和百越古道的区别,对百越古道的研究进行了回顾和前瞻。     

古代戏曲在国学中的身份认同及探讨意义

在国学研究方兴未艾的时代背景下,探讨古代戏曲在国学中的身份认同及其意义,是中国古代戏曲研究的一个崭新课题。尽管学术界对国学存在多重释义,但是都涵盖了对戏曲的身份认同。借鉴中西文化学者关于身份认同研究的成果、理论和方法,探讨国学与古代戏曲身份认同关系问题,具有重要的学术价值和积极的现实意义。     

Model-data divergence in global seasonal temperature response to astronomical insolation during the Holocene

Insolation change is a primary driver for climate variation at orbital scales [1,2].During the Holocene (ca.11.7 ka BP to present),orbitally induced seasonal va...