水热法制备硫化镉-氧化石墨烯复合物及其电化学性能研究

采用Hummers法以鳞片状石墨粉为原料制备了还原氧化石墨烯,并用水热法使其与硫化镉复合,制得还原氧化石墨烯与纳米硫化镉的复合物.采用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、能量弥散X射线谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱等多种现代测试方法对还原氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯与纳米硫化镉复合物的结构和形貌进行了表征,并使用电化学工作站测试其电化学性能.     

还原氧化石墨烯中钾离子的电化学嵌入/脱出性能研究

采用修正Hammers法成功合成了氧化石墨烯,并且通过热还原的方法成功制备了还原氧化石墨烯.采用SEM和AFM方法表征了该方法合成的氧化石墨烯的形貌以及厚度,发现该氧化石墨烯为厚度约为1 nm、大小为几十微米的不规则片状结构.采用X射线光电子能谱对氧化石墨烯及还原氧化石墨烯进行了C1s和O1s谱线分析,证实该热还原方法还原效果明显.采用电化学方法研究了在还原氧化石墨烯中钾离子的嵌入/脱出行为,发现当电流为100 m A/g时,还原氧化石墨烯的嵌钾容量为120 m Ah/g.     

高电化学性能三维网状氮掺杂石墨烯的制备

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,三聚氰胺为还原剂和氮掺杂剂,经过水热法制备出了氮掺杂石墨烯(NRG)三维网络.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、氮气吸脱附分析和电化学表征等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构和电化学性能进行表征.结果表明:三聚氰胺在水热的条件下有效地将GO还原并实现氮掺杂,三聚氰胺将氧化石墨烯还原之后,使得石墨烯之间的相互作用力增强,从而使石墨烯搭建出三维网络结构,其氮含量可达4.37%.电化学测试表明,当GO与三聚氰胺质量比为1∶2(NRG-2)时,在1A/g时其最大比电容值达到了296F/g,这个比电容值高于其他不同GO与三聚氰胺质量比所制备出的氮掺杂石墨烯的比电容值.NRG-2还显示出优良的循环寿命,经过1 000次恒电流充放电循环后比电容保留量为88.5%.     

石墨烯/纳米纤维素/亚甲基蓝修饰电极的电化学行为研究

采用电化学还原法在玻碳电极上直接制备了石墨烯/亚甲基蓝(GR/MB)﹑石墨烯/纳米纤维素(GR/NCC)﹑石墨烯/纳米纤维素/亚甲基蓝(GR/NCC/MB)修饰电极,研究了不同修饰电极的循环伏安行为.研究表明:相比GR/MB电极,GR/NCC/MB修饰电极对亚甲基蓝的电化学活性要高,氧化还原峰电流值可达4~5倍.其扫速的平方根与峰电流成线性关系.当石墨烯与纳米纤维素的质量比达到1.00∶4.60到1.00∶5.75时电化学活性最高.纳米纤维素和电化学还原的石墨烯通过协同作用增加亚甲基蓝的吸附能力,从而使GR/NCC/MB修饰电极表现出优异的电化学性能.     

电化学还原石墨烯用于水合肼的电催化氧化及检测

采用电化学还原技术制备了还原石墨烯.采用扫描电镜、Raman光谱、AFM等技术表征了石墨烯的形貌和结构特征.采用电化学测试技术研究了还原石墨烯修饰电极的电化学性能及对水合肼(N_2H_4·H_2O)的电催化氧化活性.结果表明,该石墨烯电极材料具有优异的电子传导性能.与裸玻碳电极相比,石墨烯修饰电极对水合肼表现出优异的电催化氧化活性.在最佳的实验条件下,将该石墨烯修饰电极用于水合肼的灵敏检测.在1×10~(-5)~1×10~(-4) mol/L范围内,氧化峰电流与水合肼的浓度呈良好的线性关系.该石墨烯修饰电极材料有望用于环境中水合肼等有机小分子的灵敏检测.     

电化学法制备石墨烯及其性能表征

在0.2 mol·L氯化胆碱体系下以电化学法剥离石墨箔得到石墨烯,采用高分辨透射电子显微镜、扫描隧道电子显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等方法研究了所得到的石墨烯的形貌与结构.结果表明:所得的产物最薄仅为2～4层,多数为6～8层,并且具有较好的完整性,无明显团聚与褶皱.与氧化还原法相比结构缺陷及氧化官能团含量明显降低.将石墨烯制成无支撑石墨烯薄膜,测量其导电性可知在其面密度为0.5 mg·cm时其方块电阻仅为19.3 Ω/□,显示出良好的导电性能.     

聚苯胺纳米纤维@还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

针对聚苯胺作为赝电容超级电容器电极材料时存在循环稳定性差的问题,设计利用还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷包裹聚苯胺纳米纤维.采用高沸点有机溶剂辅助冷冻干燥法制备了聚苯胺纳米纤维@还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及X-射线衍射等对该复合材料的形貌、组成和结构进行表征,并采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、电化学阻抗等方法对其电容性能进行研究.结果表明,利用高沸点有机溶剂辅助冷冻干燥法能够成功将聚苯胺纳米纤维包裹进氧化石墨烯纳米卷中,最终将氧化石墨烯还原后得到聚苯胺纳米纤维@还原氧化石墨烯纳米卷复合材料;该复合材料经过5 000次循环充放电后电容量保持率达到75%;当复合材料中的聚苯胺纳米纤维质量分数为67%时,该复合材料在2.2A/g的电流密度下,质量比电容达到639F/g,表现出优异的电容性能.     

三维炭/还原氧化石墨烯纳米片的制备及其电化学性能

采用水热合成法,将间苯二酚甲醛树脂涂覆在还原氧化石墨烯片层上,经冷冻干燥及炭化后构筑三维炭/还原氧化石墨烯纳米片。使用SEM、TEM、FTIR、XPS等对样品的形貌与结构进行表征,利用循环伏安、恒流充放电及电化学阻抗法测试了样品的电化学性能。结果表明,间苯二酚甲醛树脂成功将还原氧化石墨烯片包覆,二者构筑的三维炭/还原氧化石墨烯复合纳米片厚度为25nm;当循环伏安测试扫描速率为20mV/s时,三维炭/还原氧化石墨烯纳米片电极材料的比电容分别为还原氧化石墨烯与间苯二酚甲醛树脂炭电极材料相应值的1.8和2.8倍;在0.2A/g的充电电流密度下,三维炭/还原氧化石墨烯纳米片电极材料比电容为154.4F/g。     

石墨烯-CdS的制备及在光电化学检测Cu~(2+)中的应用

通过一步溶剂热法制备了石墨烯-CdS复合材料(GR-CdS),并通过XRD、TEM、HRTEM等测试手段对其进行表征.结果表明CdS纳米颗粒的生成和氧化石墨烯的还原同时发生,CdS纳米颗粒分布在石墨烯的表面.实验中还探讨了氧化石墨烯的用量对复合材料光电性能的影响.实验结果证明氧化石墨烯的用量为10mg时,复合材料具有较好的光电活性(GR10-CdS).因此GR10-CdS修饰到导电玻璃表面作为光电化学传感器检测Cu2+,线性检测范围为10~80μmol/L,信噪比为3时传感器的检测限是9.5nmol/L,而且该光电化学传感器表现出很好的选择性.     

MnO2/MWCNTs/GO/PANI复合电极材料的制备及其电化学性能的研究

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,并通过原位聚合法将二氧化锦修饰的聚苯胺嫁接到多壁碳纳米管作载体的氧化石墨烯上,制备出新型复合电极材料.使用X射线光电子能谱,扫描电镋及电化学工作站对复合电极材料的形貌、结构进行了研究,通过循环伏安、交流阻抗、循环稳定性测试,表征出复合电极材料的电化学性能,并与暢掺杂石墨烯的Mn...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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