TiO_2纳米管的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

以氟化铵的乙二醇溶液为电解液,采用电化学阳极氧化法在钛片表面构筑了一层结构有序、纳米级的TiO_2纳米管阵列膜层,应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜层的形貌进行了表征,利用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了样品的晶相、结构,并分析了阳极氧化电压对TiO_2纳米管尺寸和结构的影响。结果表明:阳极氧化电压对TiO_2纳米管阵列的结构起到关键的作用,随着纳米管的管径和长度的增加,表面积增大。研究了TiO_2纳米管阵列膜层结构对染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)性能的影响。结果表明:二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜的管径对电池的效率有显著影响,当管径越大时,填充因子变大,DSSC的开路电压降低,而短路电流变大,光电转换效率也随之提高。     

蝴蝶翅表面的多级复合结构和疏水性

使用扫描电镜和视频光学接触角测量仪研究了22种蝴蝶翅表面的多级复合结构和疏水性。一级结构为微米级鳞片,鳞片密度为101~280个/mm2,长65~135μm,宽35~85μm,间距48~112μm。二级结构为鳞片表面的亚微米级纵肋和横向连接。三级结构为纵肋和横向连接上的纳米级突起。蝴蝶翅表面的蒸馏水接触角为138.2°~158.5°,属于天然疏水表面,这是翅表面化学组成与微观结构协同作用的结果。蝴蝶翅表面可为新型仿生自清洁材料的制备提供生物模板。     

蝴蝶翅表面的多级复合结构和疏水性

使用扫描电镜和视频光学接触角测量仪研究了22种蝴蝶翅表面的多级复合结构和疏水性。一级结构为微米级鳞片,鳞片密度为101~280个/mm2,长65~135μm,宽35~85μm,间距48~112μm。二级结构为鳞片表面的亚微米级纵肋和横向连接。三级结构为纵肋和横向连接上的纳米级突起。蝴蝶翅表面的蒸馏水接触角为138.2°~158.5°,属于天然疏水表面,这是翅表面化学组成与微观结构协同作用的结果。蝴蝶翅表面可为新型仿生自清洁材料的制备提供生物模板。     

纳米SiC增强铝合金表面阳极氧化膜的组织与性能

以硫酸、草酸、氨基磺酸为基础电解液,分别添加3,8,12,15 g/L的纳米SiC颗粒,利用直流氧化电源在优化的复合共沉积工艺参数下,在2024铝合金表面制备纳米SiC增强的硬质阳极氧化膜.结果表明:纳米SiC颗粒弥散分布在阳极氧化膜中,形成了纳米颗粒增强的硬质Al2O3氧化膜组织结构;随着纳米SiC添加量的增加,膜的厚度由没有添加纳米SiC颗粒的42μm增加到了48μm;当SiC的添加量为12 g/L时,氧化膜的硬度最高而磨耗最低,硬度由没有添加纳米颗粒样品的400 HV左右提高到了440 HV,磨损量由25 mg降到8 mg;纳米SiC在阳极氧化过程中,通过机械夹杂、吸附作用等形式进入膜层...     

仿生微纳米结构的制备及其对晶体硅太阳能电池发电量提升的研究

以提高晶体硅太阳能电池发电量为目的,通过仿真设计,阳极氧化辅助微纳米加工的方法制备了一种仿生类复眼多级微纳米结构,并将该结构通过纳米压印的方法制备到高分子聚合物薄膜上,结合目前市场晶体硅组件的封装技术,将该多级结构薄膜应用到晶体硅太阳能电池中。测试结果表明:该多级结构由尺寸约为30μm的六边形微透镜阵列及约为200 nm的点阵组成。使用该多级结构的聚合物薄膜的商业晶体硅太阳能电池的发电量可以提高4%以上,具有良好的应用前景。     

金属-聚合物直接成型技术中铜的表面处理

研究铜的表面微纳米结构制备工艺并进行了优化.使用碳酸钠和钼酸钠的水溶液作为电解液,在恒定电压下对铜表面进行阳极氧化,在铜表面生成一层氧化膜.使用磷酸和磷酸二氢钠的水溶液作为腐蚀液,对铜表面进行腐蚀处理,以在铜表面获取微纳米结构,并在扫描电镜下观察其形貌.统计分析扫描电镜图片,计算得到铜表面的微纳米结构的孔隙率.结果表明:阳极氧化电压为15 V,阳极氧化时间为20 min,磷酸质量分数为20%,腐蚀时间为30 min时,铜的表面形貌较为平整,孔隙率达到25.77%.根据正交实验结果,腐蚀液种类、浓度以及腐蚀时间对孔隙率的影响较大,而阳极氧化电解液、电压以及电解时间影响不明显.使用阳极氧化和化学腐蚀相结合的方法可以在铜表面制备出均匀、孔隙率高的微纳米结构.     

TiO_2有序纳米管阵列的阳极氧化法制备

以乙二醇和氟化铵的混合水溶液为电解液,高纯度钛片为电极,采用电化学阳极氧化法制备出表面整洁、高度有序的TiO_2纳米管阵列.系统研究氟化铵含量、电解液浓度,阳极氧化电压、氧化时间对TiO_2纳米管尺寸和形貌的影响.结果表明,当氟化铵质量分数为0.3%,阳极氧化电压为60 V,氧化时间为13 h时,可以制备出表面干净清晰,管长50μm,管径90 nm的高度有序的TiO_2纳米管阵列.     

银掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及可见光光电催化性能研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法在含Fˉ有机电解液体系中制备出高度有序、管径70nm、管长3~5μm掺银的TiO2纳米管阵列.考察了相关的工艺参数(电解液组成、时间、电压)对TiO2纳米管阵列形貌的影响.以SEM和XRD等技术对样品进行形貌和结构表征.采用目前文献报道较少的Ag对TiO2纳米管阵列进行掺杂,并以EDS和XRD对样品进行分析.以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物,考察不同条件下各样品的光催化性能.     

LC4表面纳米SiC和PTFE双颗粒复合阳极氧化膜的制备

以250g/L硫酸+15g/L草酸为基础电解液,通过添加2g/L表面改性的纳米SiC颗粒和15ml/LPTFE乳液,组成双颗粒复合阳极氧化电解液,利用脉冲电源在LC4铝合金表面制备双颗粒复合的阳极氧化膜.结果表明:在脉冲电源频率80Hz、占空比80%、电流密度3A/dm2、温度0℃、氧化时间40min等条件下,在LC4铝合金表面成功制备出厚度为20μm,硬度为4340MPa的双颗粒复合的Al2O3-SiC-PTFE阳极氧化膜;复合氧化膜结构中存在着大量的微米级的孔隙缺陷为复合沉积双颗粒提供了复合场所,形成了具有纳米SiC颗粒增强膜的硬度和PTFE颗粒增强膜的自润滑性能的双颗粒复合氧化膜.     

光阳极结构对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

染料敏化太阳能电池是一种新型的太阳能电池,通常用钛片做光阳极。用钛网代替钛片制备光阳极可组装成一种新型结构的染料敏化太阳能电池。采用电化学阳极氧化法,在磁力搅拌质量分数025%NH4F+体积分数225%H2O+乙二醇电解液作用下,在钛网和钛片表面制备TiO2纳米管阵列。其中,一组阳极氧化后的试样在具有微米颗粒的溶液中超声震荡。将制得的试样做光阳极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,并测试电池性能。用扫描电镜观察TiO2纳米管阵列。研究结果表明:阳极氧化所制备的TiO2纳米管阵列表面有覆盖层,超声处理可移去覆盖层,试样表面露出高度有序的纳米管阵列便于N719染料的灌入,而有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率。钛网光阳极组装的染料敏化太阳能电池比相同条件下钛片组装的电池,光电转换效率提高了74倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with