结构余度衡准及其在海上结构物设计与维护中的应用

对现有的基于确定性分析及概率分析的结构余度衡准进行了评述与研究，指出这些衡准存在的问题．还对结构余度衡准在海上结构物设计与维护中的应用进行了探讨，并明确提出损伤冗余设计思想在结构设计与维护中的重要地位．     

结构余度衡准及其海上结构物设计与维护中的应用

对现有的基于确定性分析及概率分析的结构余度衡准进行了评述与研究，指出这些衡准存在的问题，还对结构余度衡准在海上结构物设计与维护中的应用进行了探讨，并明确提出了损伤冗余设计思想在结构设计与维护中的重要地位。     

浅析船舶通航安全的影响因素(英文)

简要分析影响船舶安全航行的主要因素 ,即船舶自身的操纵性能 ,与航行相关的环境条件以及驾驶员熟练操作程度、心理素质等 .重点研究大型船舶操纵性能 ,并在计算机上将船舶操纵模拟器船舶模型库中的多种船模 ,进行离线仿真测试 ,同时运用IMO操纵性衡准 ,来验证船模的操纵性能 .结果显示 ,符合IMO提出的操纵性衡准 .最后提出船舶安全航行的注意事项 ,给出几点可行性建议     

基于概率攻击图的船舶网络安全评估模型

为提升船舶网络安全性，结合概率图模型和时间指标构建一种定量的船舶网络安全评估模型，在考虑时间指标基础上，利用概率攻击图计算船舶网络被攻克概率。运用蒙特卡洛法模拟得出船舶网络被攻克概率与访问路径长度、节点被攻克概率、时长的关系。结果表明，基于概率攻击图的船舶网络安全评估模型可评估不同指标对船舶网络被攻克概率的影响。     

基于模糊层次综合评估法的船舶安全性评估方法

船舶航行安全问题,尤其是在恶劣的天气条件下,一直以来都受到水上运输行业的特别关注和重视,也是船舶安全评估的关键课题之一。本文结合模糊综合评判法和层次分析方法,采用组合权重方法,将影响船舶航行安全的主客观因素结合在一起,形成了针对船舶航安全性评估的模糊层次综合评估方法,并以船舶机舱消防系统为例来验证了该方法的有效性。     

部件重叠和二次杀伤条件下飞机多击中易损性评估方法

针对实际作战中飞机部件重叠和二次杀伤效应广泛存在的特点,提出了部件重叠和二次杀伤条件下的飞机多击中易损性评估方法.根据非余度部件和余度部件的性质,提出了非余度部件和余度部件在非重叠区域和重叠的二次杀伤效应计算方法,基于该方法计算飞机的广义致命性部件以及独立存在状态,利用马尔可夫链法建立飞机的多击中易损性评估模型,利用建立的模型对某飞机模型进行易损性评估仿真实验.仿真实验结果表明,二次杀伤使飞机易损性增大,增大的范围与致命性部件的二次杀伤概率、暴露面积、余度特性及重叠特性有关.     

船舶避碰过程中人的可靠性分析

探讨了人的可靠性分析技术在船舶避碰中的应用，提出了利用船舶碰撞事故报告以及事故统计数据并结合专家意见评估避碰过程中的人的可靠性的实用技术；给出了人为失误引发碰撞的概率以及失误迫使条件的量值．所提方法和评价结果为避碰系统中人的可靠性的进一步研究打下了基础，对船舶安全系统的风险分析也有参考价值．     

模糊变权法在船舶综合安全评估中的应用

为提高船舶综合安全评估质量,应用模糊变权法对船舶综合安全进行评估,权重与因素的单因素评估值相关联,突出了不完善因素,弥补了常权法模糊综合安全评估的不足.实例分析验证了该方法的可行性.     

船舶横摇倾覆迈尔尼科夫分析

为理性分析船舶大幅值横摇倾覆现象,推导出有关船舶横摇倾覆的迈尔尼科夫衡准公式,并据该式计算了对应于特定系统参数的临界外激励值.为验证该迈尔尼科夫衡准公式的正确性,选取一组外激励值,并且计算了对应于各个激励值的最大李雅谱诺夫指数值.计算结果显示,两种方法给出的预报有很好的吻合性.     

船舶搁浅概率的模糊事件树分析

针对常规事件树不能考虑基本事件发生概率的不确定性这一现状，通过引入模糊集的概念，将常规事件树中基本事件的发生概率模糊化，推导了模糊事件树的相关算法，采用模糊事件树方法得到船舶搁浅的模糊概率，并进行了敏感性分析，确认减小船舶搁浅事故发生概率的相关措施，与常规事件树方法的计算结果比较表明，模糊事件树方法不仅能达到常规方法的分析目的，而且有助于了解船舶搁浅的发生可能性的分布规律，为船舶运营的风险管理提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.