V—Sn氧化物催化甲苯气相氧化剂苯甲醛

采用溶液混合法和浸渍法制备了一系列V2O5-SnO2二元氧化物和V2O5-SnO2/η-Al2O3负载型催化剂，V2O5与SnO2构成的二元氧化物样品与单氧化物及其V2O5-SnO2/η-Al2O3的性质不同，负载型催化剂的活性明显高于二元氧化物样品的活性，甲苯转化率和苯甲醛选择性与催化剂的组成有较好的对应关系，随着SnO2的引入，催化剂活性缓慢降低，苯甲醛的选择逐渐减小，可见SnO2不适合作为甲苯氧化反应的催化剂组分，X射线衍射实验结果表明，SnO2的作用主要是为钒的分散提供骨架。     

碱金属盐对低氢酯比下苯甲酸甲酯加氢催化剂的修饰

为了考察了Mn与Zn摩尔配比以及不同碱金属盐修饰制得的锰锌复合氧化物催化剂对苯甲酸甲酯气固催化加氢合成苯甲醛反应活性和选择性的影响,在氢酯比为1.5的条件下,进行苯甲酸甲酯催化加氢反应,发现以5%LiCl修饰的活性组分负载量为25%、n(Mn)/n(Zn)为1.14的MnOZnO /γAl2O3催化剂,在常压、430 ℃、空时为1.84 h时,苯甲酸甲酯的转化率为97.71%,苯甲醛的选择性为84.80%.     

Cu_xO_y空心球催化苯甲醛制苯甲酸

以CuSO_4和蔗糖为前驱体,水热合成含碳的铜氧化物后,采用空气焙烧除去碳,合成了空心球型的Cu_xO_y样品.Cu_xO_y样品为CuO和Cu_2O纳米粒子紧密聚合而形成的空心球结构,粒径大小在0.5～0.8μm之间.制备的Cu_xO_y-550℃-4h样品(550℃空气热处理4h)存在Cu_2O和CuO两种氧化物,当550℃空气热处理10h和750℃空气热处理4h时,样品以CuO的形式存在.Cu_xO_y-550℃-10h催化剂的活性最高.以乙腈为溶剂,苯甲醛0.5mL,过氧化氢2mL,催化剂0.1g,60℃反应3h,苯甲醛的转化率和苯甲酸的选择性分别达到了80%和99.4%.同时显示出较好的稳定性.     

锰钒铈复合氧化物选择性催化还原反应的催化性能及热失活特性

采用浸渍法制备Ti O2负载的锰钒和锰钒铈系列复合氧化物催化剂,并研究金属成分投放量及老化处理对催化剂比表面积和选择性催化还原反应(SCR)催化性能的影响.结果表明:Mn O2和V2O5都会恶化锐钛矿型Ti O2的热稳定性,且Mn O2的恶化作用更强,氧化铈具有稳定锐钛矿型Ti O2晶相结构的作用.Mn O2投放量越高,系列催化剂的低温SCR催化性能越好,但高温SCR催化性能越差,而V2O5投放量对催化活性的影响规律与之相反.Ti O2负载的锰钒系列催化剂经老化处理后,其SCR催化活性大幅降低,而老化处理对锰钒铈系列催化剂的催化性能影响不大.锰钒铈系列催化剂中,V2O5-1.50和V2O5-2.25催化剂在老化实验后都具有较宽的高活性温度窗口.     

类水滑石负载铜基催化剂的CO还原NO催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT型类水滑石,再负载不同比例的Cu O,得到一系列Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱分析(LRS)、N2吸附脱附分析(BET)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、原位红外漫反射(in situ DRIFTS)对样品表征,并且通过CO还原NO研究不同Cu O负载量的催化剂的催化性能。结果表明:8%Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT中的活性组分Cu O有较好的分散性,催化剂的还原能力最强,催化活性最好。NO转化率在200℃下就能达到100%,同时也具有较高的选择性,230℃下N2选择性达到100%。当负载量为5%时,负载的Cu O占据了载体表面一些活性位点,使得催化活性和选择性均比未负载的效果更差。当负载量8%的时候,随着负载的Cu O量的增加,Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O的前驱体表面的活性位点被Cu O慢慢地覆盖,比表面积减小,使得催化活性下降,还原能力降低,最终达到负载阀值时,尽管Cu O的负载量仍然在增加,但是催化剂的活性和选择性均保持不变。     

纳米粒子MgAl_2O_4尖晶石的合成及负载型La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CoO_3/MgAl_2O_4催化剂的性能研究

采用溶胶—凝胶技术 ,聚乙烯醇 ( PVA)为络合剂 ,合成出尖晶石型大比表面纳米粒子Mg Al2 O4 ,用硝酸盐浸渍分解法制备出负载型 La0 .8Sr0 .2 Co O3/ Mg Al2 O4 催化剂 ,以 XRD、BET、TPR、二甲苯完全氧化等手段 ,研究了合成条件对形成的 Mg Al2 O4 性质的影响及催化剂的性能 ,并与负载型 L a0 .8Sr0 .2 Co O3/堇青石、La0 .8Sr0 .2 Co O3/ γ-Al2 O3催化剂进行了对比 .结果表明 ,活性组分在 Mg Al2 O4 载体上是高度分散的 ,负载型 La0 .8Sr0 .2 Co O3/ Mg Al2 O4 催化剂具有优良的催化活性和抗高温烧结能力     

La和Ce改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂上生物质气燃烧

采用浸渍法制备了催化剂Ni/Ce0.5La0.5O2/Al2O3和Ni/Al2O3,运用BET和XRD对催化剂进行了表征,在石英管反应器上考察了催化剂对模拟生物质气化气(CO,H2,CH4和NH3的体积分数为3%,2%,1%和0.05%,N2为平衡气)的催化燃烧活性.结果表明,Ni和Ce以氧化物形式存在,没有检测到La的氧化物的衍射峰.虽然Ni/Ce0.5La0.5O2/Al2O3比表面积小于Ni/Al2O3,但10 Ni/Ce0.5La0.5O2/Al2O3催化剂活性优于10 Ni/Al2O3,且Ni/Ce0.5La0.5O2/Al2O3作用时燃烧产物中燃料型NOx体积分数大于Ni/Al2O3.     

Ni/Al_2O_3、Co/Al_2O_3和Ni-Co/Al_2O_3催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的性能

利用浸渍法制备Ni/Al2O3、Co/Al2O3、Ni-Co/Al2O3催化剂,考察催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整反应的催化性能,对催化剂进行x射线衍射(XRD)表征.实验结果表明,Ni/Al2O3催化剂具有较好的低温活性,Co/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的氢气选择性和较低的甲烷选择性,而Ni-Co/Al2O3催化剂表现出良好的催化性能,有较高的低温活性,较高的氢气、二氧化碳选择性,较低的一氧化碳、甲烷选择性,450 ℃时乙醇转化率达到100%, 氢气选择性为79.8%,二氧化碳选择性为91.9%.     

还原条件对Pd/Al2O3催化剂上对硝基苯酚加氢性能的影响

用过量浸渍-液相还原法制备Pd/Al2 O3催化剂,采用等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)、X线衍射仪(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并在对硝基苯酚催化加氢反应中考察其催化性能.结果表明:还原剂的类型、还原温度和还原时间对Pd/Al2 O3催化剂的晶型和活性影响显著.当采用水合肼(N2 H4·H2O)作还原剂、0℃还原30 min时,催化剂表现出较高的对硝基苯酚加氢活性,加氢速率达到22.7 mmol/(min·g),对氨基苯酚的选择性为100％,收率为99％.与工业常用骨架Ni催化剂的性能进行比较,Pd/Al2 O3催化剂在活性、选择性和稳定性都明显优于骨架Ni催化剂.     

富氧条件下NO_x的选择催化还原:载体与活性组分的影响

考察了不同载体 ,如微孔沸石 P、ZSM- 5和 Beta,中孔材料 MCM- 41以及 γ- Al2 O3 等负载Co催化剂在富氧条件下对丙烷选择性催化 NOx 还原的活性 .用 N2 吸附等温线、程序升温还原( TPR)及 X光光电子能谱 ( XPS)等方法表征了载体的孔结构和 Co的化学态并与反应活性关联 .结果表明 :载体的结构和孔道以及 Co组分的化学态决定了 NOx 选择催化还原活性 ,催化剂对 NOx催化转化活性次序如下 :Co/Beta>Co/ZSM- 5 Co/P≌ Co/γ- Al2 O3 >Co/MCM- 41 ,适宜的孔径以及保持 Co组分在孔道内为 Co2 + 结构是 Co/Beta活性最高的主要原因     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that