低碳粒状贝氏体钢强韧化机理的探讨

对 1 4SiMn3Mo低碳贝氏体钢的强韧性及组织作了研究 .结果表明 :该钢连续空冷后 ,组织为粒状贝氏体 ,韧性差、屈强比低 .经 30 0℃回火可获得良好的强韧性配合 ,而经40 0 - 50 0℃回火产生回火脆性 .根据回火过程中显微组织及残余奥氏体稳定性等方面的变化 ,探讨了粒状贝氏体钢的强韧化机理及回火脆化原因     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

回火工艺对热轧高强贝氏体钢轨组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同回火工艺条件下热轧态U25CrNi高强贝氏体钢轨的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明,试验钢热轧态和回火组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体构成。当回火条件为300℃×200min时,试验钢中部分残余奥氏体发生贝氏体相变,钢的各项力学性能变化不大;当回火温度升至400℃时,试验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数较大,碳化物析出量较少,内应力进一步释放,试验钢的延伸率和冲击吸收功达到最大值,同温度下延长回火时间至360min,钢中碳化物颗粒析出增多,延伸率和冲击性能明显降低;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢中贝氏体铁素体明显粗化,并伴随大量碳化物颗粒析出,残余奥氏体大量分解,出现了回火脆性。综合考虑,U25CrNi热轧高强贝氏体钢轨的最佳回火工艺为400℃×200min。     

热处理工艺对60CrNiMo钢组织与力学性能的影响

研究采用多步低温等温贝氏体转变工艺处理后60CrNiMo钢组织与力学性能,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察60CrNiMo钢相组织,并进行硬度、拉伸和冲击等力学性能测试。结果表明,经淬火+亚温淬火+高温回火处理的60CrNiMo钢可得到细小均匀的二次回火马氏体+铁素体混合组织,其力学性能得到改善;采用三步低温等温贝氏体转变工艺可有效减少材料块状残余奥氏体和细化贝氏体晶粒,从而提高60CrNiMo钢力学性能。     

低碳粒状贝氏体钢强韧化机理的探讨

对１４ＳｉＭｎ３Ｍｏ低碳贝氏体钢的强韧性及组织作了研究。结果表明：该钢连续空冷后,组织为粒状贝氏体,韧性差、屈强比低。经３００℃回火可获得良好的强韧性配合,而经４００－５００℃回火产生回火脆性。根据回火过程中温微组织及残余奥氏体稳定性等方面的变化,探讨了粒状贝氏体钢的强韧化机理在火脆化原因。     

回火工艺对40CrNiMo钢组织与性能的影响

该文通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)组织表征结合显微硬度、拉伸性能实验,系统研究了回火工艺对40CrNiMo钢组织与性能的影响。结果表明：随回火温度升高和回火时间延长,40CrNiMo钢显微硬度、强度降低,均匀延伸率略有增高。随回火温度升高,渗碳体加快析出并逐渐聚集球化,由薄片状向粗粒状转变,而铁素体发生回复和再结晶,逐渐多边形化,使得显微组织由回火屈氏体向回火索氏体转变。450℃回火2 h条件下,40CrNiMo钢的力学性能最佳,其组织由回火屈氏体和回火索氏体构成,屈服强度、抗拉强度分别是1 180 MPa和1 310 MPa,均匀延伸率和总延伸率分别是4.5%和15%。     

两种贝氏体塑料模具钢的相变与残余奥氏体

将两种塑料模具钢FT600 和FT600mod 奥氏体化后, 以连续冷却或等温方式, 获得贝氏体组织. 随后分别在350, 580, 700 °C下进行回火, 研究了Si, Mn元素微调后贝氏体组织及残余奥氏体转变情况. 对两种贝氏体钢在不同热处理工艺下的宏观硬度、残余奥氏体含量、微观组织进行了表征及分析. 研究结果表明, 在FT600 钢的基础上降Si 增Mn 得到了FT600mod 钢, 其贝氏体转变后的残余奥氏体含量大幅降低; FT600 钢中的残余奥氏体在不同温度下回火, 其转变机制不同; FT600mod钢中的残余奥氏体含量较少, 组织稳定, 更适用于非调质工艺处理.     

含Nb低碳钢的中间冷却及回火工艺对MA组织的影响

利用热膨胀仪对低碳含铌钢(0.028%C-0.25%Si-1.82%Mn-0.085%Nb)进行热处理模拟,即950℃正火后快速冷却到中间温度350～550℃,随后进行不同加热速率、保温温度及保温时间的回火处理.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和图像分析方法,分析了不同回火条件下组织中的马氏体--奥氏体(MA)形貌、尺寸及分布.结果表明:回火前的终冷温度在贝氏体相变温度区间及提高回火升温速率,会增加回火组织中MA的体积分数,MA体积分数最高达到7.9%.提高回火温度和延长回火时间,MA的体积分数会出现峰值.回火后,MA平均尺寸在0.77～1.48μm.提高终冷温度、升温速率、回火温度和延长回火时间,会使回火后的MA粗大,并呈多边形化.MA的体积分数和平均尺寸主要受中间冷却过程结束时未转变奥氏体量、回火过程中铁素体向残余奥氏体碳扩散程度以及回火后残余奥氏体稳定性的影响.     

低碳高强度钢的组织结构与回火马氏体脆化

低碳高强度钢25Si2Mn2CrNiMoV在450℃回火状态下产生回火马氏体脆性.本文重点研究了这种钢回火马氏体脆化与钢的组织结构间的关系,提出了碳化物——残余奥氏体——杂质元素交互作用引起回火马氏体脆化的简单模型.     

GDL-1型贝氏体钢的断裂韧性

对一种新型高强韧微变形钢(GDL-1)的断裂韧性进行了研究,分析了七种不同热处理状态的JR阻力曲线。结果表明,试验钢在经空冷250℃-300℃回火后的裂纹扩展阻力较大,J1C=0.1415-0.1513(MPa.m)、AK=97-120.5(J),其断裂韧性和冲击韧性优于其它状态。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析表明,空冷后新型高强韧GDL-1钢的显微组织为窄束状贝氏体 马氏体和部分残余奥氏体复合组织,残余奥氏体以薄膜形态分割贝氏体板条而形成超细化亚单元,增加了材料的微观塑性。此外,低温回火改善钢的韧性,并使残余奥氏体的稳定性提高,从而使该钢在空冷250℃-300℃回火后具有良好的冲击韧性和断裂韧性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that