甘肃北山古生代造山带地壳演化的同位素和稀土元…

在甘肃北山地区，自前加里东至印支６个不同构造阶段的１２个火成侵入体采集了岩石样品，系统地做了Ｏ，Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ和Ｐｂ同位素分析，并测定了包括这１２个岩体在内的４０个火成岩样品的稀土元素含量。从不同构造阶段各种同位素的变异可以看出：随着地壳从不成熟到成熟，从成熟度低到成熟度高的变化，同位素的变异也是有规律的。如果把地壳成熟度增高过程同位素的变异视为“正向”演化，则地壳成熟度降低同位素变异呈“逆向”演化。     

甘肃北山古生代造山带地壳演化的同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征

在甘肃北山地区，自前加里东至印支６个不同构造阶段的１２个火成岩侵入体采集了岩石样品，系统地做了Ｏ、Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ和Ｐｂ同位素分析，并测定了包括这１２个岩体在内的４０个火成岩样品的稀土元素含量。从不同构造阶段各种同位素的变异可以看出：随着地壳从不成熟到成熟，从成熟度低到成熟度高的变化，同位素的变异也是有规律的。如果把地壳成熟度增高过程同位素的变异视为“正向”演化，则地壳成熟度降低同位素变异呈“逆向”演化。在拉张型过渡壳的特定时期地壳成熟度降低，同位素变异明显“逆向”变化。高度成熟的地壳由于多期次多来源导致同位素变异表观上的“无定向”。甘肃北山南北两带分属塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块，在同位素地球化学上也显示出租应的差异。稀土元素地球化学也给出了相似的佐证。     

EMI型皖东上第三系大陆碱性玄武岩：Nd,Sr同位素证据

本文报导皖东地区上第三系大陆碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征和成因初探，其中８个样品的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成范围为．在大洋玄武岩的Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ同位素平面上，表现为从原始地幔向ＥＭＩ型地幔端元展布趋势．皖东玄武岩具有轻稀土和高度不相容性元素相对富集的微量元素丰度模式，类似于洋岛玄武岩（ＯＩＢ）．皖东玄武岩的源区可能是Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成不均一、且富化的大陆岩石圈地幔．     

固体金属同位素在油气运移研究中的应用

固体地球化学中常用的Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素方法被用于测定石油生成、运移的年龄。对准噶尔盆地乌尔禾沥青脉、塔里木盆地志留系固体沥青的Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素年龄测定表明，油气生成、运移均与重大地质事件有关，这种方法可以用来测定石油生成、运移的年龄，从而解决了石油生成机制、运移动力等研究难题。说明用固体金属同位素定年方法可以解决石油地质的重大问题。     

云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩富集地幔源区的Sr,Nd同位素和NH^＋4 …

分析了云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩的Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ同位素组成和固定铵的含量与原始地幔现代值相比，本区煌斑岩上具有相对高＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ比值（０．７０６４４－０．７０８９５）和低＾１４３Ｎｄ／＾１４４Ｎｄ比值（０．５１２４３６－０．５１２５２４）；岩石固定铵（ＮＨ＾＋４）含量（７４．３４＊１０＾－６－４６８．７２＊１０＾－６）明显高于其他幔源岩石（１＊１０＾－６－２７＊１０＾－６），低于矿区炭质围岩（７     

浙江洋滨黄玉花岗斑岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素研究

洋滨斑岩锡矿位于我国东南沿海中生代火山活动带中部．含矿岩石主要由青黄玉的钾长花岗斑岩与二长花岗斑岩及黄英斑岩组成．这些岩石具有高硅、强过铝质、富集不相容元素、弱的铈和强的铕负异常以及高的稀土总量等特征．采用最小二乘法计算的全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为１０１．７±２．１Ｍａ，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７１４２±９．同时，它们具有低的εＮｄ值（－８．４～－８．０），较高的２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ（１５．５８８～１５．６６６）以及较古老的二阶段Ｎｄ模式年龄（１５９７～１７４３）Ｍａ．这些特征表明，洋滨花岗斑岩的母岩浆属于Ｓ型，它们可能是由本区未出露的中元古代变质沉积岩经部分熔融方式形成．初始岩浆经历了强烈的分离结晶，继之以流体岩浆／分离过程。     

汉诺坝非橄榄岩类包体的化学和同位素特征

汉诺坝非橄榄岩包体主要是指辉石岩、辉长岩和麻粒岩，其主要元素、微量元素有较大和系统的变化，Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ、Ｐｂ同位素从非常亏损的ＤＭＭ源特征变至具ＥＭＩ和ＥＭＩ源趋势的富化特征．它们与寄主玄武岩及共生的橄榄岩包体无直接成因联系，有不同的形成时代并在不同的空间位置居留     

浙江洋滨黄玉花岗斑石的Nd,Sr,Pb同位素研究

洋滨斑岩锡矿位于我国东南沿海中生代火山活动带中部。含矿岩石主要由含黄玉的钾长花岗斑岩与二长花岗斑岩及黄英斑岩组成。这些岩石具有高硅，强过铝质，富集不相容元素，弱的铈和强的铕负异常以及高的稀土总量特征。采用最小二乘法计算的全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为１０１．７±２．１Ｍａ，（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７１４２±９。同时，它们具有低的εＮｄ值（－８．４～－８．０），较高的＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ     

黔西南微细浸染型金矿床深部物质来源的同位素地球化学研究

通过对黔西南微细浸染金矿床Ｐｂ，Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｈ及Ａｒ同位素地球化学的研究，结合矿床时空分布特征，证实矿质及矿化剂来源具深源及浅源混合特征，成矿流体属深源流体与大气降水混合而成的上升热流体，金矿床可能是上升热流体改造地壳岩石的产物。     

汉诺坝非橄榄岩类包体的化学同位素特征

汉诺坝非橄榄岩包体主要是指辉石岩，辉长岩和麻粒岩，基主要元素，微量元素有较大和系统的变化，Ｎｄ，Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ同位素从非常亏损的ＤＭＭ源特征变至县ＥＭＩ和ＥＭＩＩ源趋势的富化特征。它们与寄主玄武岩及共生的橄榄岩包体无直接成因联系，有不同的形成时代并在不同的空间位置居留。     

南兴安岭晚中生代火山岩的岩石成因(II):Pb同位素制约

 对南兴安岭地区晚中生代火山岩的Pb同位素进行了分析,结合其主微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征,探讨了火山岩的岩石成因。满克头鄂博组低钾拉斑-钙碱性玄武安山岩表现出富集LILE、LREE和HFSE亏损元素地球化学特征以及稍高放射性成因Sr、Pb (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.704 88～0.704 99; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.18～18.23)和弱相对亏损至弱富集的Nd同位素组成(ε_Nd((t)=-0.12～+0.68),其来源于俯冲沉积物参与改造富集地幔熔融源区。该组的英安岩-流纹岩较基性岩浆具有稍高放射性成因Sr、Pb (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.705 22～0.707 09; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.16～18.33)和低Nd同位素组成 (ε_Nd(t))=-1.5～-0.4), 且在空间上与玄武岩共生,为玄武质岩浆结晶分异,并同化混染作用 (AFC)的产物。玛尼吐组英安岩具有与现代俯冲带adakite岩石相似的特征;在Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成上,它们较同期或近期玄武安山岩更低Sr、Pb (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.704 09~0.704 25;²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.15~18.17)和高Nd同位素比值(ε_Nd((t))=+0.9~+2.1),为造山带下地壳镁铁质岩石的部分熔融产物。     

The return of subducted continental crust in Samoan lavas

Substantial quantities of terrigenous sediments are known to enter the mantle at subduction zones, but little is known about their fate in the mantle. Subducted sediment may be entrained in buoyantly upwelling plumes and returned to the Earth's surface at hotspots, but the proportion of recycled sediment in the mantle is small, and clear examples of recycled sediment in hotspot lavas are rare. Here we report remarkably enriched 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope signatures in Samoan lavas from three dredge locations on the underwater flanks of Savai'i island, Western Samoa. The submarine Savai'i lavas represent the most extreme 87Sr/86Sr isotope compositions reported for ocean island basalts to date. The data are consistent with the presence of a recycled sediment component (with a composition similar to the upper continental crust) in the Samoan mantle. Trace-element data show affinities similar to those of the upper continental crust--including exceptionally low Ce/Pb and Nb/U ratios--that complement the enriched 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope signatures. The geochemical evidence from these Samoan lavas significantly redefines the composition of the EM2 (enriched mantle 2; ref. 9) mantle endmember, and points to the presence of an ancient recycled upper continental crust component in the Samoan mantle plume.     

Potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province: 40Ar39Ar dating and source tracing

Highly precise 40Ar39Ar dating results demonstrate that the ages of potash-rich volcanic rocks in western Shandong Province are 114.7-124.3 Ma, and that of the lamprophyres is 119.6 Ma. The potash-rich volcanic rocks have relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ( 0.708715-0.711418)and distinctly negative εNd values ( -11.47 - -17.54), and are enriched in radiogenic lead (206Pb/204pb=17.341-17.622,207pb/204Pb=15.525-15.538, 208Pb/204pb = 37.563-37.684).Similarly, the lamprophyres also have quite low εNd values ( -11.57 - -19.64). Based on the fact that the Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of potash-rich volcanic rocks are very consistent with that of the clinopyroxene separates, and by integrating comprehensive analyses of their tectonic settings,and extensive comparisons of the Sr, Nd isotopic compositions with that of the related simultaneous rocks, it is concluded that the potash-rich volcanic rocks and lamprophyres in western Shandong Province were most possibly derived from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was caused by source contamination and metasomatism of subducted continental crustal materials.``     

Decoupling of surface and subsurface sutures in the Dabie orogen and a continent-collisional lithospheric-wedging model：Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidences of Mesozoic igneous rocks in eastern China

Based on the distribution of UHPM rocks on the surface in Sulu terrane, the surface suture between the NCB and SCB should be located along the Wulian fault (see Fig. 1, S1). However, based on the aeromagnetic data of eastern China, Li[1] first indicated that the subsurface suture between the NCB and SCB in the region east of the Tan-Lu fault should be located to the east of Nanjing City (see Fig. 1, S2), which south displaced about 400 km from the surface suture. This is contradicto…     

Osmium isotopic constraints on the nature of the DUPAL anomaly from Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalts

The isotopic compositions of mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORB) from the Indian Ocean have led to the identification of a large-scale isotopic anomaly relative to Pacific and Atlantic ocean MORB. Constraining the origin of this so-called DUPAL anomaly may lead to a better understanding of the genesis of upper-mantle heterogeneity. Previous isotopic studies have proposed recycling of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle or sediments with oceanic crust to be responsible for the DUPAL signature. Here we report Os, Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of Indian MORB from the Central Indian ridge, the Rodriguez triple junction and the South West Indian ridge. All measured samples have higher (187)Os/(188)Os ratios than the depleted upper-mantle value and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions that imply the involvement of at least two distinct enriched components in the Indian upper-mantle. Using isotopic and geodynamical arguments, we reject both subcontinental lithospheric mantle and recycled sediments with oceanic crust as the cause of the DUPAL anomaly. Instead, we argue that delamination of lower continental crust may explain the DUPAL isotopic signature of Indian MORB.     

山东焦家金矿田锶、铅同位素特征及其地质意义

焦家金矿田是胶西北地区重要的金矿产地,金矿类型以破碎带蚀变岩型为主,其成矿物质来源及成矿地质体尚存争议。采取了焦家金矿田深部样品,分析其同位素特征,研究成矿物质来源,探讨金矿成矿地质体。焦家金矿田金矿石黄铁矿⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.711 653～0.732 45,按焦家金矿田平均成矿年龄120 Ma返算的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i的值,其范围0.710 752～0.711 986,与郭家岭花岗岩较为接近。焦家金矿田金矿石黄铁矿²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.683～38.103,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.43～15.547,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.04～17.44。焦家金矿田金矿体铅为地幔和下地壳的混合源。郭家岭型花岗岩与焦家金矿田金矿形成时间相近,分布空间相依,与金矿体同位素组成接近,成因上有密切联系,是金矿的成矿地质体。     

Process and mechanism of mountain-root removal of the Dabie Orogen—Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of post-collisional igneous rocks

Systematical studies of post-collisional igneous rocks in the Dabie orogen suggest that the thickened mafic lower crust of the oro- gen was partially melted to form low-Mg# adakitic rocks at 143-131 Ma. Delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust occurred at 130 Ma, which caused the mantle upwelling and following mafic and granitic magmatic intrusions. Mig- matite in the North Dabie zone, coeval with the formation of low-Mg# adakitic intrusions in the Dabie orogen, was formed by partial melting of exhumed ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at middle crustal level. This paper argues that the partial melting of thickened lower and middle crust before mountain-root collapse needs lithospheric thinning. Based on the geothermal gradient of 6.6~C/km for lithospheric mantle and initial partial melting temperature of ~1000~C for the lower mafic crust, it can be estimated that the thickness of lithospheric mantle beneath thickened lower crust has been thinned to 〈45 km when the thickened lower crust was melting. Thus, a two-stage model for mountain-root removal is proposed. First, the lithospheric mantle keel was partially removal by mantle convection at 145 Ma. Loss of the lower lithosphere would increase heat flow into the base of the crust and would cause middle-lower crustal melting. Second, partial melting of the thickened lower crust has weakened the lower crust and increased its gravity instability, thus triggering delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust or mountain-root collapse. Therefore, convective removal and delamination of the thickened lower crust as two mechanisms of lithospheric thin- ning are related to causality.     

Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics of granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Hannuoba Basalts in five-dimensional space and their geological implications

Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics of granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Han-nuoba Basalts in five-dimensional space are studied. Combined with the distribution of xenoliths, it is suggested that the isotopic relationship between various xenoliths can be well explained by the processes of delamination.     

Evidence from Sardinian basalt geochemistry for recycling of plume heads into the Earth's mantle

Up to 10 per cent of the ocean floor consists of plateaux--regions of unusually thick oceanic crust thought to be formed by the heads of mantle plumes. Given the ubiquitous presence of recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source of hotspot basalts, it follows that plateau material should also be an important mantle constituent. Here we show that the geochemistry of the Pleistocene basalts from Logudoro, Sardinia, is compatible with the remelting of ancient ocean plateau material that has been recycled into the mantle. The Sr, Nd and Hf isotope compositions of these basalts do not show the signature of pelagic sediments. The basalts' low CaO/Al2O3 and Ce/Pb ratios, their unradiogenic 206Pb and 208Pb, and their Sr, Ba, Eu and Pb excesses indicate that their mantle source contains ancient gabbros formed initially by plagioclase accumulation, typical of plateau material. Also, the high Th/U ratios of the mantle source resemble those of plume magmas. Geochemically, the Logudoro basalts resemble those from Pitcairn Island, which contain the controversial EM-1 component that has been interpreted as arising from a mantle source sprinkled with remains of pelagic sediments. We argue, instead, that the EM-1 source from these two localities is essentially free of sedimentary material, the geochemical characteristics of these lavas being better explained by the presence of recycled oceanic plateaux. The storage of plume heads in the deep mantle through time offers a convenient explanation for the persistence of chemical and mineralogical layering in the mantle.